PRIMARY CANCER OF VERMICULAR APPENDIX

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.N. Gerasimov ◽  
A.M. Karpova ◽  
Ya.S. Abuzova ◽  
M.S. Skripina ◽  
E.V. Slesareva
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Case ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Primary Cancer ◽  
Clinical Hospital ◽  
Atypical Cells ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal

Malignant tumor is a nosological group that significantly contributes to morbidity, disability and mortality in various age categories. Colon cancer occupies a leading place among the malignant neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. Most often they are localized in the rectosigmoid part of the large intestine. However, there is also a casuistic localization of tumors, e.g. vermicular appendix cancer. There are no specific signs of oncologic process in this area, therefore the diagnosis of this nosology causes considerable difficulties. The article presents a clinical case and pathological diagnosis of vermicular appendix primary cancer according to the pathological and anatomical study conducted in Ulyanovsk Regional Clinical Hospital. Primary appendix carcinoma was determined at postmortem autopsy and histological, microscopically - low-grade mucinous (blennogenic) appendix adenocarcinoma with invasion of all wall layers and extensive metastases in the internal organs: lungs, liver, spleen, lymph nodes of thoracic and abdominal cavities and stroma of ovary. Every year, up to 500 vermicular appendices are examined in the pathoanatomical department of Ulyanovsk Regional Clinical Hospital. Over the past 10 years, 3 cases (0.06 %) of appendix primary cancer have been detected in all appendectomies. According to the clinical case, due to late detection of appendix adenocarcinomas, they actively metastasize into lymphogenous and hematogenous pathways. In this regard, for early cancer detection, a mandatory high-quality histological study of the material after appendectomy should be carried out in order to distinguish atypical cells. Keywords: vermicular appendix primary cancer, poorly differentiated mucinous (blennogenic) adenocarcinoma. Злокачественные новообразования – одна из нозологических групп, составляющих значительную часть в структуре заболеваемости, инвалидности и смертности в различных возрастных категориях. Опухоли толстого кишечника занимают ведущее место среди злокачественных новообразований желудочно-кишечного тракта. Наиболее часто они локализуются в ректосигмоидном отделе толстого кишечника. Однако встречается и казуистическое расположение новообразований, такое как рак червеобразного отростка. Специфические признаки онкопроцесса данной области отсутствуют, в связи с чем диагностика этой нозологии вызывает значительные трудности. В статье представлен клинический случай и патоморфологическая диагностика первичного рака червеобразного отростка на основании данных патологоанатомического исследования, проведенного в ГУЗ УОКБ. При патологоанатомическом вскрытии и гистологическом исследовании был выявлен первичный рак червеобразного отростка, микроскопически – низкодифференцированная муцинозная (слизьпродуцирующая) аденокарцинома червеобразного отростка с прорастанием всех слоев стенки и обширными метастазами во внутренние органы: легкие, печень, селезенку, лимфатические узлы грудной и брюшной полости, строму яичников. Ежегодно в патологоанатомическом отделении УОКБ проводится исследование до 500 червеобразных отростков. За последние 10 лет было обнаружено 3 случая (0,06 %) первичного рака червеобразного отростка по всем проведенным аппендэктомиям. Как показывает представленный клинический случай, аденокарциномы червеобразного отростка, вследствие их позднего обнаружения, активно метастазируют по лимфогенным и гематогенным путям. В связи с этим для серьезных профилактических мероприятий по раннему выявлению онкологических заболеваний должно проводиться обязательное более качественное гистологическое исследование материала на наличие атипичных клеток после аппендэктомии. Ключевые слова: первичный рак червеобразного отростка, низкодифференцированная муцинозная (слизьпродуцирующая) аденокарцинома.

scholarly journals Diagnosed laryngeal cancer relapse using harpoon biopsy under ultrasound guidance (clinical case)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
А. I. Gafurova ◽  
V. V. Vinogradov ◽  
А. S. Korobkin ◽  
S. S. Reshulsky
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Ultrasound Guidance ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Cancer Stage ◽  
Biopsy Material ◽  
Larynx Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Complete Tumor

The objective is to demonstrate possibilities of a harpoon biopsy under ultrasound guidance for malignant neoplasms early detection using a clinical example.Clinical case. A 65-year-old patient with morphologically verified laryngeal cancer (stage II, T2N0M0) underwent radiation therapy, which resulted in a complete tumor resorption. Subsequent ultrasound detected a neoplasm in the projection of the folding section. Percutaneous harpoon biopsy was performed under ultrasound guidance because standard clinical and instrumental studies were unable to confirm the diagnosis. Histological study of the biopsy material confirmed the “relapse of larynx squamous cell carcinoma”.Conclusion. A transdermal harpoon biopsy under ultrasound guidance followed by morphological biopsy study makes it possible to diagnose the disease and determine therapeutic approach as soon as possible.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Biomarkers as a Surrogate of Molecular Analysis in Ovarian Carcinomas: A Review of the Literature

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Santandrea ◽  
Simonetta Piana ◽  
Riccardo Valli ◽  
Magda Zanelli ◽  
Elisa Gasparini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Carcinoma ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mucinous Carcinoma ◽  
Serous Carcinoma ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Ovarian Carcinomas ◽  
Novel Target

The term “ovarian carcinoma” encompasses at least five different malignant neoplasms: high-grade serous carcinoma, low-grade serous carcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, and clear cell carcinoma. These five histotypes demonstrated distinctive histological, molecular, and clinical features. The rise of novel target therapies and of a tailored oncological approach has demanded an integrated multidisciplinary approach in the setting of ovarian carcinoma. The need to implement a molecular-based classification in the worldwide diagnostic and therapeutic setting of ovarian cancer demanded a search for easy-to-use and cost-effective molecular-surrogate biomarkers, relying particularly on immunohistochemical analysis. The present review focuses on the role of immunohistochemistry as a surrogate of molecular analysis in the everyday diagnostic approach to ovarian carcinomas.

scholarly journals LINC-42. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL OVERVIEW OF CHILDHOOD CNS TUMORS IN THE NEUROSURGICAL UNIT IN YEREVAN, ARMENIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii386-iii386
Author(s):  
Nune Karapetyan ◽  
Samvel Danielyan ◽  
Gevorg Tamamyan ◽  
Armen Tananyan ◽  
Liana Safaryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Embryonal Tumors ◽  
Low Grade Gliomas ◽  
Neurosurgical Treatment

Abstract BACKGROUND Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the second most common malignant neoplasms among children worldwide. The current paper aims to analyze the situation in pediatric neuro-oncology in Armenia from the neurosurgical perspective. METHODS We have collected data of pediatric patients with CNS tumors treated in the Neurosurgery department of “Surb Astvasamayr” Medical Center from 01.01.2010 till 01.12.2019. Incidence by gender, age at diagnosis, and histopathology results were calculated. Survival rates were calculated based on the follow-up results performed until 30.12.2019. RESULTS Hospital-based data showed that during the previous 10 years 47 patients with CNS tumors received neurosurgical treatment in the unit, among them 66% were females. 38.3%, 31.9% and 29.8% of diagnosed patients were aged 0–4, 5–9, and 10–18 respectively. In 41 cases, the disease was not disseminated at diagnosis. The most common observed malignancies were low-grade gliomas (21.3%) and embryonal tumors (19.1%), followed by high-grade gliomas (14.9%) and ependymal tumors (8.5%). Follow-up information only for 33 patients is available. From them, 14 are dead and 19 alive. Survival rates in most common groups were 62.5%, 80%, 50%, and 50% respectively. The median follow-up time was 18 months (range 1–113 months). CONCLUSION Similar to the data reported in the literature, low-grade gliomas, and embryonal tumors are the most frequent pediatric CNS tumors in Armenia. On the other hand, the pediatric CNS tumor survival rates are lower compared to those reported in developed countries.

Έκφραση πρωτεϊνών θερμικού σοκ και νεοαγγειογένεση στα νεοπλάσματα των σιελογόνων αδένων

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Βασίλειος Παπανικολάου
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Angiogenesis Inhibitor ◽  
Salivary Gland Neoplasms ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Benign Neoplasms ◽  
Related Molecule ◽  
Collagen Xviii ◽  
Pleomorphic Adenomas ◽  
Endothelial Marker

IntroductionSalivary gland neoplasms comprise a wide group of tumors with diverse histology and broad biologic behavior, often presenting difficulties in their definitive diagnosis and treatment. In the last decades, the prominent role of angiogenesis in the neoplastic process has been recognized, and alterations of its promoters and inhibitors have been investigated in most human tumors. However, angiogenesis in salivary gland neoplasms has not been thoroughly studied.Material and MethodsWe evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of various angiogenesis-related molecules and the vascularity of 61 malignant (16 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 12 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, 11 polymorphous low grade adenocarcinomas, 9 adenocarcinomas NOS, 6 salivary duct carcinomas, 3 carcinomas ex-pleomorphic adenomas, 2 lymphoepithelial carcinomas, 1 myoepithelial carninoma, 1 clear cell carinoma NOS) and 18 benign salivary gland neoplasms (13 pleomorphic adenomas, 5 Warthin tumours).The evaluated molecules were: angiogenesis-promoter vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). angiogenesis-inhibitor Endostatin. angiogenesis related molecule collagen angiogenesis related molecule HSP47. endothelial marker FVIIIR:Ag. Vascularity was assessed by calculation of MicroVessel Density (MVD) and by FVIIIR:Ag immunostaining intensity.ResultsVEGF was expressed in 83.6% of malignant and 94.44% of benign neoplasms. Endostatin was expressed in 91.8% and 100% of malignant and benign cases respectively. Collagen XVIII was expressed in 100% of both benign and malignant neoplasms. HSP47 was expressed in 78.68% of malignant and 100% of benign neoplasms.All markers predominantly showed a diffuse pattern of immunostaining (more than 50% positive cells). VEGF immunostaining intensity varied widely among cases, ranging from weak to strong for both malignant and benign cases. Endostatin, Collagen XVIII and HSP47 presented varying immunointensity for malignant cases, whereas benign cases mainly presented strong immunostaining.Statistical analysis correlated VEGF expression in malignant neoplasms with TNM stage and extraparenchymal infiltration (p=0,0005 and 0,00063 respectively). The total score of immunoreactivity for Endostatin, Collagen XVIII and HSP47 was significantly higher in benign compared to malignant cases (p=0.01, p=0.02, and p=0,00996 respectively). Furthermore, HSP47 positivity and intensity was statistically higher in benign neoplasms, compared to malignant (p=0,0067 and p=0.0249 respectively). Additionally Endostatin immunoexpression correlated with Collagen XVIII expression in benign cases (p<0.001). No association was found regarding tumor MVD. However, immunostaining intensity of the endothelial marker FVIIIR:Ag was higher in malignant tumours (p=0,013).ConclusionsOur results show that benign compared to malignant salivary gland neoplasms express higher levels of Endostatin, Collagen XVIII and HSP47. Ιn malignant neoplasms an increase in the ratio of angiogenic to angiostatic elements is observed. It suggested that enhanced angiogenesis may contribute to salivary gland carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Separation of Low- Versus High-grade Crohn’s Disease-associated Small Bowel Carcinomas is Improved by Invasive Front Prognostic Marker Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Arpa ◽  
Federica Grillo ◽  
Paolo Giuffrida ◽  
Gabriella Nesi ◽  
Catherine Klersy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Invasive Front ◽  
Poorly Differentiated Clusters ◽  
Small Bowel Carcinoma ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Tumour Budding

Abstract Background and Aims Crohn’s disease-associated small bowel carcinoma is a rare event, usually reported to have a severe prognosis. However, in previous investigations we have found a minority of cases displaying a relatively favourable behaviour, thus outlining the need to improve the histopathological prediction of Crohn’s disease-associated small bowel carcinoma prognosis. Methods As in recent studies on colorectal cancer, a substantial improvement in prognostic evaluations has been provided by the histological analysis of the tumour invasive front; we therefore systematically analysed the tumour budding and poorly differentiated clusters in the invasive front of 47 Crohn’s disease-associated small bowel carcinomas collected through the Small Bowel Cancer Italian Consortium. Results Both tumour budding and poorly differentiated cluster analyses proved highly effective in prognostic evaluation of Crohn’s disease-associated small bowel carcinomas. In addition, they retained prognostic value when combined with two other parameters, i.e. glandular histology and stage I/II, both known to predict a relatively favourable small bowel carcinoma behaviour. In particular, association of tumour budding and poorly differentiated clusters in a combined invasive front score allowed identification of a minor subset of cancers [12/47, 25%] characterised by combined invasive front low grade coupled with a glandular histology and a low stage [I or II] and showing no cancer-related death during a median follow-up of 73.5 months. Conclusions The improved distinction of lower- from higher-grade Crohn’s disease-associated small bowel carcinomas provided by invasive front analysis should be of potential help in choosing appropriate therapy for these rare and frequently ominous neoplasms.

Intraarticular Nodular Fasciitis of the Knee With MHY9-USP6 Fusion: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 672-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasminka Igrec ◽  
Iva Brčić ◽  
Renato Igrec ◽  
Marko Bergovec ◽  
Karl Kashofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Giant Cell Tumor ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Nodular Fasciitis ◽  
Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor ◽  
Mesenchymal Neoplasm

Background. Nodular fasciitis (NF) is a self-limiting, benign mesenchymal neoplasm of fibroblastic/myofibroblastic origin. Due to the fast growth, cellularity, and frequently observed high mitotic count, it is commonly misdiagnosed as a sarcoma, often resulting in overtreatment. Intraarticular examples of NF are extremely rare. Radiologically, NF can mimic fibroma of the tendon sheath, tenosynovial giant cell tumor, and synovial chondromatosis. Histology can vary from hypercellular, mitotically active lesions to fibrotic, less cellular ones, and can, therefore, mimic other benign and low-grade malignant neoplasms. Recently, the MYH9-USP6 fusion has been found in up to 92% of NF. Case Presentation. In this article, we report a case of a 38-year-old patient with an intraarticular lesion, radiologically suspicious of tenosynovial giant cell tumor. Histology demonstrated a spindle cell lesion composed of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts embedded in a highly collagenous/hyalinized stroma, partly arranged in short fascicles. Extravasated erythrocytes and rare mitotic figures were present. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells expressed smooth muscle actin and were negative for desmin, β-catenin, CD34, and SOX10. These findings rendered the diagnosis of NF. Molecular analysis using next-generation sequencing (Archer FusionPlex Sarcoma Panel) revealed gene rearrangement involving USP6 and MYH9 supporting the diagnosis of NF in the knee joint. Conclusions. Radiological and histological features of NF can overlap with other benign and low-grade malignant lesion. Identification of the USP6 gene rearrangements or finding of the MYH9-USP6 fusion, especially in core needle biopsies and in the lesions occurring at unusual sites, can result in adequate therapeutic approach avoiding overtreatment.

scholarly journals Controversies Regarding the Interpretation of Follicular Thyroid Nodules

2019 ◽  
Vol 143 (12) ◽  
pp. 1472-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul Suster
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Follicular Variant ◽  
Diagnostic Difficulties

Context.— Follicular nodules are the most common source of diagnostic difficulties in the practice of surgical pathology of the thyroid. This is due to a variety of factors, the most salient of which is the lack of well-defined criteria and evidence-based data for the diagnosis of these lesions. Objectives.— To discuss some of the assumptions that have been accrued over the years regarding the criteria by which we evaluate such lesions. Data Sources.— The information presented herein is based on review of the literature and the author's personal experience. Conclusions.— Thyroid nodules with a predominant follicular growth pattern span the range from benign lesions (hyperplastic nodules, adenomatoid nodules, follicular adenomas) to malignant neoplasms (follicular carcinoma, follicular variant of papillary carcinoma) with a host of intermediate or indeterminate lesions found in between. Advances in immunohistochemistry and molecular pathology have not yet provided a reliable way of separating the borderline or intermediate cases. Low-grade and intermediate or borderline follicular-patterned thyroid lesions are those most often prone to difficulties for interpretation. Newer and potential future approaches for the evaluation of these lesions are discussed.

Coherent view of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2656-2675 ◽  
Author(s):  
A C Aisenberg
Keyword(s):  
Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cell Leukemia Virus Type ◽  
Microscopic Appearance ◽  
Non Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma

PURPOSE Even though non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is already sixth in incidence and mortality among malignant neoplasms (and the incidence was increasing at a rate of 3% to 4% per year before the advent of AIDS epidemic-associated lymphomas), most physicians and many oncologists find the disorder arcane. The problem lies in the complexity of human lymphoma, which encompasses more than a dozen neoplasms of the lymphoid system. The goal of this review is to provide user-friendly access to the condition. METHODS The variety of inputs required for a subdivision of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that is useful to clinicians includes lymphocyte lineage and sublineage based on microscopic appearance and immunophenotype, clinical behavior manifest in survival and early dissemination, and analysis of molecular genetic and cytogenetic abnormalities, which reflect pathogenic oncogene derangements. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) are important in certain uncommon lymphomas. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The subtypes of primary B-lineage nodal lymphoma include low-grade (small lymphocytic, lymphoplasmacytic-lymphoplasmacytoid, follicular small cleaved cell, and follicular mixed small cleaved and large cell), intermediate-grade (follicular large cell, diffuse small cleaved or mixed, and intermediate lymphocytic), and high-grade (diffuse large cell, immunoblastic, and small noncleaved cell) neoplasms. The less common lymphomas of T lineage and lymphomas that arise in extranodal sites are placed in separate subdivisions. This subdivision serves as a guide to prognosis and treatment.

scholarly journals THE OCULAR STRUCTURE, RETINOMOTOR AND PHOTO-BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES OF JUVENILE PACIFIC SALMON

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 965-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Visual Cells ◽  
Ocular Structure ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Juvenile Pacific Salmon ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Plexiform Layers

A histological study of the eyes of juvenile sockeye, coho, pink, and chum salmon in fresh water shows that the cones and external nuclear and plexiform layers of the retinae of embryos and alevins are poorly differentiated and do not attain normal histological or physiological proportions until the emergence of fry from the gravel. From a histophysiological study it is evident that only the emerged fry and older stages are capable of retinomotor responses and that these responses become more marked with age. Differences in rates of adaptation are found among the species and stages. Generally, the pigment layer shows a latent period before contraction in dark. Sensitivity to light is independent of the complete light adaptation of the retinal pigment or visual cells, while full acuity of vision is dependent upon the complete light adaptation of cones. Threshold values of cones and rods are indicated by the feeding and schooling responses. At light intensities between the cone and rod thresholds the thicknesses of pigment and cone layers obey the Weber-Fechner law. There is no diurnal rhythm in the positions of retinal pigment and cones of juvenile Oncorhynchus either under constant light or dark. Results are discussed in relation to the migratory, schooling, and feeding behavior. The rapid downstream migration of juvenile salmon during a relatively short period in the night may be related to a semi-dark-adapted state of the eye.

scholarly journals INSM1 Is a Highly Specific Marker of Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Primary Neoplasms of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Appendix, and Pancreas

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey E McHugh ◽  
Sanjay Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Erika E Doxtader ◽  
Christopher Lanigan ◽  
Daniela S Allende
Keyword(s):  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Neuroendocrine Differentiation ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Neuroendocrine Markers ◽  
Primary Neoplasms ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated

Abstract Objectives INSM1 has been described as a sensitive and specific neuroendocrine marker. This study aims to compare INSM1 with traditional neuroendocrine markers in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms. Methods Retrospective review (2008-2018) was used to retrieve paraffin-embedded tissue from 110 gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms and controls that was subsequently stained with INSM1, synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56, and Ki-67. Results INSM1 was positive in 16 of 17 (94.1%) gastric, 17 of 18 (94.4%) pancreatic, 13 of 18 (72.2%) small bowel, 17 of 21 (81.0%) colonic, and 26 of 36 (72.2%) appendiceal tumors. INSM1 was positive in 58 of 70 (82.9%) well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors, 17 of 20 (85.0%) poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, 8 of 11 (72.7%) low-grade goblet cell adenocarcinomas (grade 1), and 6 of 9 (66.7%) high-grade goblet cell adenocarcinomas (grade 2/3). INSM1 sensitivity for neuroendocrine neoplasms (80.9%) was less than that of synaptophysin (99.1%), chromogranin (88%), and CD56 (95.3%); specificity was higher (95.7% vs 86.0%, 87.3%, and 86.0%, respectively). Conclusions INSM1 is a useful marker of neuroendocrine differentiation in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine and mixed neuroendocrine neoplasms. Compared with traditional neuroendocrine markers, INSM1 is less sensitive but more specific.

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