scholarly journals The Network for Evaluation of One Health: evidence-based added value of One Health

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Haxton ◽  
Špela Šinigoj ◽  
Ana Rivière-Cinnamond
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Evidence Based

scholarly journals The benefits of ‘One Health’ for pastoralists in Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Greter ◽  
Vreni Jean-Richard ◽  
Lisa Crump ◽  
Mahamat Béchir ◽  
Idriss O. Alfaroukh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
One Health ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Mobile Pastoralists ◽  
Serological Studies ◽  
Health Studies

‘One health’ is particularly suited to serve mobile pastoralists. Dinka pastoralists in Sudan inspired Calvin Schwabe to coin the term ‘one medicine’, indicating that there is no difference in paradigm between human and veterinary medicine. Our contemporary definition of ‘one health’ is any added value in terms of improved health of humans and animals or financial savings or environmental services resulting from a closer cooperation of human and animal health sectors. Here we present a summary of ‘one health’ studies with mobile pastoralists in Africa which were done in research partnership, demonstrating such an added value. Initial joint human and animal health studies revealed higher livestock vaccination coverage than in the pastoralist community, leading to joint animal and human vaccination intervention studies which demonstrated a better access to primary health care services for pastoralists in Chad. Further simultaneous animal and human serological studies showed that camel breeding was associated with human Q-fever seropositivity. In Borana communities in Ethiopia, human cases of  Mycobacterium bovis infection could be related to strains isolated from cattle. A challenge remained with regard to how to assess vaccination coverage in mobile populations. With the advent of mobile phones, health and demographic surveillance could be established for mobile pastoralists and their animals. This presents vast possibilities for surveillance and control of human and animal diseases. Pastoralists prefer a ‘one health’ approach and therefore contribute toward the validation of this concept by showing real added value of the cooperation between human and animal health services.

scholarly journals A One Health Research Framework for Animal-Assisted Interventions

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Hediger ◽  
Andrea Meisser ◽  
Jakob Zinsstag
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Animal Assisted Intervention

Background: The integration of animals into healthcare, referred to as animal-assisted intervention, is a rapidly growing research field and was previously related to One Health. However, the assessment of synergistic effects of animal-assisted interventions (AAI) has been poorly addressed to date. Method: We discuss experiences in integrated human and animal assessments in AAI and provide a methodical framework for One Health approaches in AAI research. We propose theoretical consideration of an integrated human and animal health assessment, as well as the use of such an integrated approach in research. Based on the existing research, we argue that, for a deeper understanding of AAI mechanisms, parallel research designs are needed. Results and Conclusion: Our paper shows that a One Health study design is necessary to ensure that a tradeoff in health of animals is prevented and that an added value, or synergistic benefit, can be achieved on both sides during animal-assisted interventions.

scholarly journals Sensor, Signal, and Imaging Informatics: Evidence-Based Health Informatics

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 117-119
Author(s):  
A. Moreau-Gaudry ◽  
S. Voros
Keyword(s):  
Health Informatics ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Imaging Informatics ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Sensor Signal ◽  
Optimal Care ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Excellent Research

Summary Objectives: This synopsis presents a selection for the IMIA (International Medical Informatics Association) Yearbook 2013 of excellent research in the broad field of Sensor, Signal, and Imaging Informatics published in the year 2012. Methods: We performed a systematic initial selection and a double blind peer review process to find the best papers in this domain published in 2012, from the PubMed and Web of Science databases. A set of MeSH keywords provided by experts was used. Results: Current research in the field of sensor signal and imaging informatics is based on innovative sensors from which relevant information (signal and imaging) can be acquired and integrated into workflow based or patient based models. This rich environment can help the medical staff in carrying out more optimal care. The demonstration of the added value of such innovations is more and more performed through evidence-based evaluations. Conclusions: The best paper selection of articles on sensors, signal, and imaging informatics illustrates the wide spectrum covered by this field in 2012, and the attention paid to evaluations.

scholarly journals Integration of Germline Pharmacogenetics Into a Tumor Sequencing Program

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Hertz ◽  
Andrew Glatz ◽  
Amy L. Pasternak ◽  
Robert J. Lonigro ◽  
Pankaj Vats ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Information ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Treatment Decisions ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Treatment Recommendation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
Tumor Sequencing ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines

Purpose Evidence-based guidelines inform treatment decisions for patients for whom germline genetic information is available. Our real-time tumor sequencing program, which makes precision treatment decisions for patients with cancer, produces matched germline information, providing a unique opportunity to efficiently implement pharmacogenetics and benefit patients. Methods The germline genetic database from the Michigan Oncology Sequencing (MI-Oncoseq) program was searched for 21 clinically actionable polymorphisms in five cancer-relevant genes: TPMT, DPYD, CYP2C19, CYP3A5, and UGT1A1. Residual germline DNA was sent to an external Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments–approved laboratory for confirmatory genotyping. The medical records of MI-Oncoseq patients with actionable phenotypes were searched for receipt of relevant drugs and to determine whether having genetic information at the time of treatment would have led to a treatment recommendation. Results All nine variants in TPMT, DPYD, and CYP2C19 that were detected in MI-Oncoseq were confirmed by external genotyping. Genotype determinations could not be made for CYP3A5*3, UGT1A1*28, or UGT1A1*80. On the basis of retrospective assessment of 115 adult and pediatric patient records, 4.3% (n = 5) had a potentially clinically actionable phenotype for TPMT, DPYD, or CYP2C19 and received a relevant medication. After accounting for differences in adult and pediatric recommendations, three of these patients could have received a treatment recommendation at the time of prescribing. Conclusion Germline genotype determinations for TPMT, DPYD, and CYP2C19 can be used to make evidence-based treatment recommendations in MI-Oncoseq patients. Although the proportion of patients for whom recommendations can be made is small, this added value to MI-Oncoseq and patient care comes at no additional genotyping cost. Pharmacogenetic assessment should be integrated into tumor sequencing programs that genotype matched germline DNA; however, the complexity and additional cost of implementing pharmacogenetics remain challenging.

CoCanCPG. Coordination of Cancer Clinical Practice in Europe

2008 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bèatrice Fervers ◽  
Magali Remy-Stockinger ◽  
Valèrie Mazeau-Woynar ◽  
Renèe Otter ◽  
Alessandro Liberati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Guideline Development ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Common Framework

All European countries are facing common challenges for delivering appropriate, evidence-based care to patients with cancer. Despite tangible improvements in diagnosis and treatment, marked differences in cancer survival exist throughout Europe. The reliable translation of new research evidence into consistent patient-oriented strategies is a key endeavour to overcome inequalities in healthcare. Clinical-practice guidelines are important tools for improving quality of care by informing professionals and patients about the most appropriate clinical practice. Guideline programmes in different countries use similar strategies to achieve similar goals. This results in unnecessary duplication of effort and inefficient use of resources. While different initiatives at the international level have attempted to improve the quality of guidelines, less investment has been made to overcome existing fragmentation and duplication of effort in cancer guideline development and research. To provide added value to existing initiatives and foster equitable access to evidence-based cancer care in Europe, CoCanCPG will establish cooperation between cancer guideline programmes. CoCanCPG is an ERA-Net coordinated by the French National Cancer Institute with 17 partners from 11 countries. The CoCanCPG partners will achieve their goal through an ambitious, step-wise approach with a long-term perspective, involving: 1. implementing a common framework for sharing knowledge and skills; 2. developing shared activities for guideline development; 3. assembling a critical mass for pertinent research into guideline methods; 4. implementing an appropriate framework for cooperation. Successful development of joint activities involves learning how to adopt common quality standards and how to share responsibilities, while taking into account the cultural and organisational diversity of the participating organisations. Languages barriers and different organisational settings add a level of complexity to setting up transnational collaboration. Through its activities, CoCanCPG will make an important contribution towards better access to evidence-based cancer practices and thus contribute to reducing inequalities and improving care for patients with cancer across Europe.

scholarly journals Estimating the probability of sexual recidivism among men charged or convicted of sexual offences: Evidence-based guidance for applied evaluators

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Maaike Helmus
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Sexual Recidivism ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
Sex Offences ◽  
Actuarial Risk ◽  
External Risk

Risk assessment is routinely applied in forensic decision-making. Although relative risk information from risk scales is robust across diverse samples and settings, estimates of the absolute probability of sexual recidivism are not. Nonetheless, absolute recidivism estimates are still necessary in some evaluations. This paper summarizes research and offers guidance on evidence-based practices for assessing the probability of recidivism, organized largely around questions commonly asked in court. Overall, estimating the probability of sexual recidivism is difficult and should be undertaken with humility and circumspection. That being said, research favours empirical-actuarial risk tools for this task, more structured scales, and the use of multiple scales. Professional overrides of risk scale results should not be used under any circumstances. Paradoxically, however, professional judgement is still required in some circumstances. Risk scales do not consider all relevant risk factors, but the added value of external risk factors reaches a point of diminishing returns and may or may not be incremental (or worse, can degrade accuracy). There are reasons actuarial risk scales may both underestimate recidivism (e.g., undetected offending, short follow-ups) and overestimate recidivism (e.g., inclusion of sex offences not of interest in some referral questions, data on declining crime and recidivism rates, newer studies demonstrating overestimation of recidivism). Given all these considerations and the need for humility, in the absence of exceptional circumstances, I would not deviate too far from empirical estimates.

scholarly journals Pooling RT-PCR or NGS samples has the potential to cost-effectively generate estimates of COVID-19 prevalence in resource limited environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna R Narayanan ◽  
Isabel Frost ◽  
Anoosheh Heidarzadeh ◽  
Katie K Tseng ◽  
Sayantan Banerjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Alarm ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Group Testing ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Probability Of False Alarm

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 originated in China and has quickly spread worldwide causing a pandemic. Countries need rapid data on the prevalence of the virus in communities to enable rapid containment. However, the equipment, human and laboratory resources required for conducting individual RT-PCR is prohibitive. One technique to reduce the number of tests required is the pooling of samples for analysis by RT-PCR prior to testing.MethodsWe conducted a mathematical analysis of pooling strategies for infection rate classification using group testing and for the identification of individuals by testing pooled clusters of samples.FindingsOn the basis of the proposed pooled testing strategy we calculate the probability of false alarm, the probability of detection, and the average number of tests required as a function of the pool size. We find that when the sample size is 256, using a maximum pool size of 64, with only 7.3 tests on average, we can distinguish between prevalences of 1% and 5% with a probability of detection of 95% and probability of false alarm of 4%.InterpretationThe pooling of RT-PCR samples is a cost-effective technique for providing much-needed course-grained data on the prevalence of COVID-19. This is a powerful tool in providing countries with information that can facilitate a response to the pandemic that is evidence-based and saves the most lives possible with the resources available.FundingBill & Melinda Gates FoundationAuthors contributionsRL and KRN conceived the study. IF, KT, KRN, SB and RL all contributed to the writing of the manuscript and AH and JJ provided comments. KRN and AH conducted the analysis and designed the figures.Research in contextEvidence before this studyThe pooling of RT-PCR samples has been shown to be effective in screening for HIV, Chlamydia, Malaria, and influenza, among other pathogens in human health. In agriculture, this method has been used to assess the prevalence of many pathogens, including Dichelobacter nodosus, which causes footrot in sheep, postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, and antibiotic resistance in swine feces, in addition to the identification of coronaviruses in multiple bat species. In relation to the current pandemic, researchers in multiple countries have begun to employ this technique to investigate samples for COVID-19.Added value of this studyGiven recent interest in this topic, this study provides a mathematical analysis of infection rate classification using group testing and calculates the probability of false alarm, the probability of detection, and the average number of tests required as a function of the pool size. In addition the identification of individuals by pooled cluster testing is evaluated.Implications of all the available evidenceThis research suggests the pooling of RT-PCR samples for testing can provide a cheap and effective way of gathering much needed data on the prevalence of COVID-19 and identifying infected individuals in the community, where it may be infeasible to carry out a high number of tests. This will enable countries to use stretched resources in the most appropriate way possible, providing valuable data that can inform an evidence-based response to the pandemic.

scholarly journals Implementing One Health approaches to confront emerging and re-emerging zoonotic disease threats: lessons from PREDICT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terra R. Kelly ◽  
◽  
Catherine Machalaba ◽  
William B. Karesh ◽  
Paulina Zielinska Crook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Shared Knowledge ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
The One

AbstractRecurring outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging zoonoses, such as Ebola virus disease, avian influenza, and Nipah virus, serve as a reminder that the health of humans, animals, and the environment are interconnected and that early response to emerging zoonotic pathogens requires a coordinated, interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral approach. As our world becomes increasingly connected, emerging diseases pose a greater threat, requiring coordination at local, regional, and global levels. One Health is a multisectoral, transdisciplinary, and collaborative approach promoted to more effectively address these complex health threats. Despite strong advocacy for One Health, challenges for practical implementation remain. Here we discuss the value of the One Health approach for addressing global health challenges. We also share strategies applied to achieve successful outcomes through the USAID Emerging Pandemic Threats Program PREDICT project, which serve as useful case studies for implementing One Health approaches. Lastly, we explore methods for promoting more formal One Health implementation to capitalize on the added value of shared knowledge and leveraged resources.

Experimenteren in het re-integratiedomeinGebaseerd op een onderzoek van SEOR, Regioplan en Epsilon. Zie voor verdere details: De Koning et al. (2014).

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaap de Koning ◽  
Luuk Mallee ◽  
Paul de Hek ◽  
Maikel Groenewoud
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
The People ◽  
Integration Measure ◽  
Local Politicians ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Experimentation within the field of re-integration This article summarises the results of a recent study aimed at setting up and evaluating randomised experiments in the field of re-integration. Experiments are important, because they can produce reliable estimates of the effect of re-integration on job entry chances. The fact that in the Netherlands so far hardly any re-integration measure has been subjected to an experiment has contributed to the lack of insight in the effectiveness of re-integration policy. It proved to be difficult to find municipalities that are capable of and prepared to implement experiments. Nine such municipalities were found, but partly due to inexperience problems occurred during implementation. In the end six experiments were implemented in a sufficient way, and evaluated. Particularly the two experiments in Rotterdam show that experiments have an added value. These experiments were set up and carried out in such a way that they provide accurate estimates of the effectiveness of the measures involved. The results have been used for policy development in Rotterdam. Furthermore, both local politicians as well as the people involved in managing and implementing re-integration policy have recognised the importance of experiments and think positively of future experiments. However, for most municipalities this is not yet the case. The people politically responsible for re-integration policy and those involved in managing and implementing it have to become aware of the fact that policies have to be evidence-based and that experiments are a crucial tool in acquiring the evidence needed. In many cases people simply believe in the effectiveness of their policies, although the international evaluation literature indicates that this believe is far too optimistic. A further professionalization of the field is much needed. Finally, we make a number of practical recommendations for implementing and evaluating experiments.

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