scholarly journals Implementing One Health approaches to confront emerging and re-emerging zoonotic disease threats: lessons from PREDICT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terra R. Kelly ◽  
◽  
Catherine Machalaba ◽  
William B. Karesh ◽  
Paulina Zielinska Crook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Shared Knowledge ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
The One

AbstractRecurring outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging zoonoses, such as Ebola virus disease, avian influenza, and Nipah virus, serve as a reminder that the health of humans, animals, and the environment are interconnected and that early response to emerging zoonotic pathogens requires a coordinated, interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral approach. As our world becomes increasingly connected, emerging diseases pose a greater threat, requiring coordination at local, regional, and global levels. One Health is a multisectoral, transdisciplinary, and collaborative approach promoted to more effectively address these complex health threats. Despite strong advocacy for One Health, challenges for practical implementation remain. Here we discuss the value of the One Health approach for addressing global health challenges. We also share strategies applied to achieve successful outcomes through the USAID Emerging Pandemic Threats Program PREDICT project, which serve as useful case studies for implementing One Health approaches. Lastly, we explore methods for promoting more formal One Health implementation to capitalize on the added value of shared knowledge and leveraged resources.

scholarly journals Bacteriophages and the One Health Approach to Combat Multidrug Resistance: Is This the Way?

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Mary Garvey
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
One Health ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
The One

Antimicrobial resistance necessitates action to reduce and eliminate infectious disease, ensure animal and human health, and combat emerging diseases. Species such as Acinetobacter baumanniii, vancomycin resistant Enterococcus, methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as other WHO priority pathogens, are becoming extremely difficult to treat. In 2017, the EU adopted the “One Health” approach to combat antibiotic resistance in animal and human medicine and to prevent the transmission of zoonotic disease. As the current therapeutic agents become increasingly inadequate, there is a dire need to establish novel methods of treatment under this One Health Framework. Bacteriophages (phages), viruses infecting bacterial species, demonstrate clear antimicrobial activity against an array of resistant species, with high levels of specificity and potency. Bacteriophages play key roles in bacterial evolution and are essential components of all ecosystems, including the human microbiome. Factors such are their specificity, potency, biocompatibility, and bactericidal activity make them desirable options as therapeutics. Issues remain, however, relating to their large-scale production, formulation, stability, and bacterial resistance, limiting their implementation globally. Phages used in therapy must be virulent, purified, and well characterized before administration. Clinical studies are warranted to assess the in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic characteristics of phages to fully establish their therapeutic potential.

scholarly journals Ebola virus disease control (in West Africa): an ecological, one health approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clement Adebajo Meseko ◽  
Adeniyi Olugbenga Egbetade ◽  
Shamsudeen Fagbo
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
One Health ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease

scholarly journals Avian Flu, Ebola, MERS, and Other Emerging Challenges for Influenza Surveillance Practitioners

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Siniscalchi ◽  
Brooke Evans
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

Public health agencies strive to develop and maintain cost-effective disease surveillance systems to better understand the burden of disease within their jurisdiction. The emergence of novel avian influenza and other respiratory viruses such as MERS-CoV along with other emerging diseases including Ebola virus disease offer new challenges to public health practitioners. The authors conducted a series of surveys of influenza surveillance coordinators to identify and define these challenges. The results emphasize the importance of maintaining sufficient infrastructure and the trained personnel needed to operate these surveillance systems for optimal disease detection and public health preparedness and response readiness.

scholarly journals Ebola, Enterovirus, MERS, Novel Flu, and other Challenges for Public Health Surveillance Practitioners

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Siniscalchi ◽  
Brooke Evans
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

Public health agencies strive to develop and maintain cost-effective disease surveillance systems to better understand the burden of disease within their jurisdiction. The emergence of novel influenza and other respiratory viruses such as MERS-CoV along with other emerging diseases including Ebola virus disease offer new challenges to public health practitioners. The authors conducted a series of surveys of influenza surveillance coordinators to identify and define these challenges. The results emphasize the importance of maintaining sufficient infrastructure and the trained personnel needed to operate these surveillance systems for optimal disease detection and public health preparedness and response readiness.

scholarly journals Active Surveillance in the investigation and analysis of RVFin Western and Central Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Nanfuka ◽  
Milton Bahati ◽  
Eugene Arinaitwe
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
One Health ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
The People ◽  
Igm Elisa ◽  
The One ◽  
Western Uganda

ObjectiveTo detect presence of circulating Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFv) in animals of Western and Central Uganda following its confirmation in humans.To establish and communicate reliable information using the one health platformSignificnce:Although in E. Africa RVF was initially detected and known to be a disease endermic in Kenya, the people in Uganda were still hesitating wether the disease is already in existence. Following its first detection in 2016 in Humans there was need to carry out an investigation in the hot spot areas of the human infection to get the real picture and to inform the policy makers for informed decisions.IntroductionRift Valley fiver is viral zoonotic disease which was investigated and reported in Uganda in 20101. For some time now people are not aware whether the disease was still circulating or emerged in animals reared as a result of the inter country trade by the community of the cattle corridor in Uganda, since the last reports in 19682. The increase in the number of disease outbreaks in some parts of central and western Uganda from 2016 to date and the number of human patients investigated, diagnosed and confirmed with RVF by Ministry Of Health (MOH) under the one health program, has placed the disease to be among the top re-emerging diseases in the country3&4 and number 5 of the Multisectoral prioritization of zoonotic diseases in Uganda, 2017 under One Health perspective6.MethodsRift valley Fever was investigated in cattle, goats and sheep of Gomba,Mityana, Kiboga and Kiruhura in Central and Western Uganda. This followed 2 people that had been confirmed with RVF in 20161 Samples were aseptically collected from hot places from 543 victim’s animals including those of the neighbouring areas covering the victims routes of movement plus those areas where people were still sick and where death had reportedly occurred. Samples were then delivered to NADDEC laboratory from where tests were conducted.ResultsSamples were screened using a competition IgG ELISA, then IgM ELISA to capture the recently infected animals. The positive samples from the IgM ELISA were then confirmed using RT-PCR; 169/543 (31%) tested positive to IgG screening ELISA indicating exposure to RVF. The actual infection was found to be 13% (22/169) with IgM ELISA and 3/22 (13.6%) with RT-PCR.ConclusionsZoonotic diseases continue to be a public health burden to the people of Uganda. Considering some people’s behavior of eating the sick and dead animals, has posed a difficult situation to combat the ailment which has resulted in negative socioeconomic impacts, affecting the national policies that range from health security to control of diseases. Uganda has however developed capacity to investigate, test and confirm RVF disease. Since exposure was found in all animal species, detailed active surveillance plan and procedures have been set up to investigate any additional cases in animals to reduce chances of spread to humans and to cub international spread and also to determine the magnitude of exposure.References1 Nabukenya, Investigation and response to Rift Valley Fever and Yellow Fever outbreaks in humans in Uganda, 20162 Nyakarahuka L.prevalence and risk factors of Rift valley in humans and animals from kabale, 20163 Wang LF, Crameri G.Emerging zoonotic viral diseases.Rev Sci Tech Int Epiz.2014;33Institute of Medicine (U.S.), Committee on Achieving Sustainable Global Capacity for surveillance and4 Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin, Keusch G. Sustaining global surveillance and response to emerging zoonotic diseases, 20095 Musa Sekamatte, Vikram K.Multisectoral prioritization of zoonotic diseases in Uganda, 2017, A One Health perspective6 Munyua P, Bitek A, Osoro E, Pieracci EG, Muema J,Mwatondo A,et al, Prioritization of Zoonotic Diseases in Kenya,2015. PLOS ONE. 2016;11:e0161576. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161576 PMID:27557120 

scholarly journals Offering patients more: how the West Africa Ebola outbreak can shape innovation in therapeutic research for emerging and epidemic infections

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1721) ◽  
pp. 20160294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M. Rojek ◽  
Peter W. Horby
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Marburg Virus ◽  
World Health ◽  
The West

Although, after an epidemic of over 28 000 cases, there are still no licensed treatments for Ebola virus disease (EVD), significant progress was made during the West Africa outbreak. The pace of pre-clinical development was exceptional and a number of therapeutic clinical trials were conducted in the face of considerable challenges. Given the on-going risk of emerging infectious disease outbreaks in an era of unprecedented population density, international travel and human impact on the environment it is pertinent to focus on improving the research and development landscape for treatments of emerging and epidemic-prone infections. This is especially the case since there are no licensed therapeutics for some of the diseases considered by the World Health Organization as most likely to cause severe outbreaks—including Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Marburg virus, Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever and Nipah virus. EVD, therefore, provides a timely exemplar to discuss the barriers, enablers and incentives needed to find effective treatments in advance of health emergencies caused by emerging infectious diseases. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The 2013–2016 West African Ebola epidemic: data, decision-making and disease control’.

scholarly journals TRANSBOUNDARY DISEASES AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT: AN OVERVIEW

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
O. O. Oludairo ◽  
J. O. Aiyedun ◽  
I. D. Olorunshola ◽  
M. A. Dibal ◽  
A. A. Gungbias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Global Village ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Face ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Collaborative Efforts

Wildlife is the fauna and flora that are out of the control of man, although over the years common usage, public perceptions and history have practically defined wildlife as undomesticated free ranging terrestrial vertebrates which include reptiles, amphibians, birds, mammals excluding fishes. Wildlife play important roles in the epidemiology of emerging and re-emerging diseases either as vectors such as in rabies, primary target of disease such as in botulism and reservoirs such as in tularemia, Ebola virus disease (EVD), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) . These diseases usually transcend national and regional borders causing high mortalities and morbidities. The transboundary nature of such epidemics and the collaborative efforts in combating the scourge was investigated using published literature. Wildlife has been incriminated in the occurrence and spread of various diseases many of which led to loss of lives and have the potentials of being pandemic. Diseases were promptly controlled in cases where collaborative efforts were applied in the management. Since the world is now a single global village, advanced collaborative strategic guidelines should be established for implementation and prevention of future pathogenic zoonosis within states, regions, continents and globally. Transboundary public health education of the citizenry will be of immense importance in the control and prevention of these diseases. Sustainable development goals (SDGS), poverty alleviation, enhanced culture and eco-tourism may not be realizable in the face of ignorance and disease. Highly pathogenic emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases and epidemics involving wildlife have grave consequences on national, regional, continental and world economies. These could however be prevented and controlled through multifaceted collaborative efforts and cooperation transcending geographical borders so that the planet can be rescued from the raging scourge of disease.

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