scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF THE USE OF WARM MIX ASPHALT FOR CONSTRUCTION ROADS IN CONDITIONS OF THE SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
A. Alshahwan ◽  
Yu. Kalgin
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
The Road ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Syrian Arab Republic ◽  
Asphalt Mix ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Production Capacities

As a result of prolonged hostilities in the Syrian Arab Republic, maintenance and repair of roads are not carried out for a long time, which led to the decline of the road network. Roads of the Syrian Arab Republic require significant rehabilitation; repairs must be carried out within a short period at the lowest cost, while achieving optimal technical characteristics. Weak economic potential of the country, low fuel reserves of various types, in addition to the huge destruction of the road network - all these difficulties facing the reconstruction process. This article is devoted to the study of the characteristics of the technologies of asphalt mixes used in road construction, and the determination of the most suitable technology for current conditions. As a result of research, it is emphasized that warm asphalt mix is the best choice compared to other types of technologies: it reduces energy consumption, reduces production costs, helps to extend the construction season, expand production capacities, save the environment, etc.

scholarly journals THE PENETRATION OF ENGINEERING BY ECONOMICS: McFADDEN AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF ROAD DEMAND ESTIMATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-278
Author(s):  
Ariane Dupont-Kieffer ◽  
Sylvie Rivot ◽  
Jean-Loup Madre
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Demand Estimation ◽  
Demand Modeling ◽  
The Road ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The 1960S

The golden age of road demand modeling began in the 1950s and flourished in the 1960s in the face of major road construction needs. These macro models, as well as the econometrics and the data to be processed, were provided mainly by engineers. A division of tasks can be observed between the engineers in charge of estimating the flows within the network and the transport economists in charge of managing these flows once they are on the road network. Yet the inability to explain their decision-making processes and individual drives gave some room to economists to introduce economic analysis, so as to better understand individual or collective decisions between transport alternatives. Economists, in particular Daniel McFadden, began to offer methods to improve the measure of utility linked to transport and to inform the engineering approach. This paper explores the challenges to the boundaries between economics and engineering in road demand analysis.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF REINFORCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL SOIL BY MINERAL MODIFIERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
Т. Дмитриева ◽  
T. Dmitrieva ◽  
Н. Куцына ◽  
N. Kucyna ◽  
А. Безродных ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Soil Reinforcement ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Concrete Mixture ◽  
The Road ◽  
Physicomechanical Characteristics ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Complex Binder ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

The paper discusses the main aspects of soil reinforcement in road construction by adding a binder component to them. The use of this technology allows to solve the problem of high-quality raw materials shortage while improving the physicomechanical characteristics or keeping them at the same level, as well as to increase labor productivity and reduce production costs. The technogenic raw materials for the production of soil concrete were studied, the main physicomechanical characteristics and requirements that must be taken into account when selecting the composition of the soil concrete mixture were analyzed. The paper compares the physicomechanical characteristics of the road composite, reveals the advantages and disadvantages of introducing binder components of various types: cement, cement with modifier and a complex binder. It has been established that the introduction of a complex binder or cement with modifier contributes to the improvement of the physicomechanical characteristics while reducing the consumption of cement in the composition of the soil-concrete mixture compared to traditional soil-concrete with cement.

scholarly journals MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA'S ROAD SECTOR: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-11
Author(s):  
Наталья Борисова ◽  
Natal'ya Borisova ◽  
Елена Егорова ◽  
Elena Egorova ◽  
Александр Борисов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Advanced Development

The article considers the most important component of the transport infrastructure - the road infrastructure, which at the same time is one of the most important spheres of economic activity. The socio-economic development of the Russian Federation has been studied, requiring advanced development and modernization of the road network as part of the transport infrastructure of the country and world space, as well as improving the technical level of road construction.

Methodology of Inventory the Real Estate Components for the Purpose of Their Valuation Due to Road Construction – Case Study in Krakow

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Siejka ◽  
Monika Mika
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
The Road ◽  
Investment Process

The development of the communication systems determines the economic level of the country. In Poland, despite the successive investments in this area, it is still not enough beneficial solutions to the road network and international calls. The problem of the acquisition of property for public roads on both the valuation principles and the way of obtaining land for these purposes is constantly modified. These changes are intended to simplify the procedures, which have a significant impact on shortening of the investment process. The current provisions of law give the possibility of the start of road investment before a property owner receives compensation for land taken for this purpose. This situation requires an inventory of component parts of the property for the purposes of their valuation. The paper presents the methodology of inventory the real estate components for the needs of their valuation using modern measurement techniques GNSS and GIS.

Long-Lasting Gravel Roads: Case Study from the United States

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. Selim ◽  
Kenneth O. Skorseth ◽  
Ratnasamy Muniandy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dynamic Cone Penetrometer ◽  
Subgrade Soil ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Aggregate Base

Gravel surfacing is commonly used on low-volume roads in rural areas of the United States to form farm-to-market networks that contain more than a million miles of unpaved roads. Some of these roads carry appreciable amounts of trucks and farm machinery. Some of these roads, if properly designed and constructed, can last a long time. One such road is in Hand County, South Dakota. This road was constructed in 1963 and has never been rehabilitated or reconstructed since its construction, and it has shown excellent performance for more than 37 years. This road normally carries less than 200 vehicles per day, but significant numbers of heavy trucks use the road. This exceptional performance led to an investigation of the reasons why that road lasted as long as it did without major maintenance or rehabilitation. Although this type of road construction is common in other nations, under different names, the practice of constructing this type of road in the United States was done without documented specifications. The main objectives of the study were to determine all factors that contributed to the longevity and the remarkable performance of this road through field and laboratory investigations. Field investigations with a dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) revealed that both the quality and the quantity of aggregate base were more than adequate. Although the subgrade soil was classified as A6 according to AASHTO soil specifications, it provided good support according to DCP data. Tests of the flatness and elongation of the coarse aggregate and the angularity of the fine aggregate also revealed satisfactory results. Gradation tests also revealed compliance with specifications.

Nature and Effects of Low-Volume Roads in Botswana

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bizzar B. Madzikigwa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
The Road ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Sand And Gravel

The road sector in Botswana continues to develop its road network throughout the country at a tremendous rate. When Botswana gained independence in 1966, it had only 10 km (16 mi) of bitumen road. By 1992 the total length of bituminous surfaced road reached 3500 km (2,175 mi) out of a total road network of 18 000 km (11,285 mi). These statistics clearly show that the majority of roads are not yet surfaced; these are low-volume roads that provide access to the rural areas where most of the country’s population is found, though in low density. In spite of the rapid improvement in the quality of the national road network in recent years, much remains to be done. In the early 1970s and early 1980s the rural roads unit was introduced in the Ministry of Works Transport and Communications, which was charged with the responsibility of design and construction of low-volume roads around the country in a bid to integrate the country’s road network. This unit was later disbanded in the 1990s, and all roads are improved through the conventional procurement system using private contractors. For these roads the justification of a surfacing project based on conventional economic return methods does not apply, and worse still, the road improvements have to compete with other amenities for the same limited resources. Three ministries in Botswana are responsible for roads: Ministry of Works Transport and Communications, Ministry of Local Government, and Ministry of Trade, Industry, Wildlife and Tourism. These ministries have different responsibilities for different roads within the country, and earth, sand, and gravel roads are found under the jurisdiction of each of the ministries. The major drawbacks concerning low-volume roads in Botswana are inadequate maintenance, poor road construction materials, and the environmental impacts of the roads. Since the budget and resources are inadequate to keep these roads in good condition, it would be prudent to find technological means that would improve the locally available road construction materials so as to minimize their effects on the environment and vehicle operating costs.

Optimization of Road Networks Using Evolutionary Strategies

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Schweitzer ◽  
Werner Ebeling ◽  
Helge Rosé ◽  
Olaf Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Stationary Regime ◽  
Analytical Approximation ◽  
Evolutionary Strategies ◽  
The Road ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Fitness Value

A road network usually has to fulfill two requirements: (i) it should as far as possible provide direct connections between nodes to avoid large detours; and (ii) the costs for road construction and maintenance, which are assumed proportional to the total length of the roads, should be low. The optimal solution is a compromise between these contradictory demands, which in our model can be weighted by a parameter. The road optimization problem belongs to the class of frustrated optimization problems. In this paper, a special class of evolutionary strategies, such as the Boltzmann and Darwin and mixed strategies, are applied to find differently optimized solutions (graphs of varying density) for the road network, depending on the degree of frustration. We show that the optimization process occurs on two different time scales. In the asymptotic limit, a fixed relation between the mean connection distance (detour) and the total length (costs) of the network exists that defines a range of possible compromises. Furthermore, we investigate the density of states, which describes the number of solutions with a certain fitness value in the stationary regime. We find that the network problem belongs to a class of optimization problems in which more effort in optimization certainly yields better solutions. An analytical approximation for the relation between effort and improvement is derived.

scholarly journals Assessing Relationships between Land Use Changes and the Development of a Road Network in the Hodonín Region (Czech Republic)

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Jedlička ◽  
Marek Havlíček ◽  
Ivo Dostál ◽  
Jiří Huzlík ◽  
Hana Skokanová
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Road ◽  
Anthropogenic Processes

Abstract The paper assesses the development of land use and a road network from 1836 to 2016 in the Hodonín region (Czech Republic). The aim of the article is to verify relationship between the road construction and land use changes in their vicinity. The intensity of land use change processes between adjacent periods was calculated at various distances from roads. ESRI’s geographic information systems and geostatistics were used. This helped in assessing significance of impact of road vicinity on land use changes. The time interval of periods for comparison varied between 25 and 80 years due to availability of historical sources. In each period about 20% of the region was affected by land use changes. After the roads were built, there was an increase in the intensity of land use changes in their vicinity. It has been proofed that presence of a road can be considered one of the driving forces of long-term land use changes in this region. This so-called technological driving force impacted mainly urbanisation and other anthropogenic processes, agricultural intensification and grassing. Its significance is gradually increasing due to urbanisation, industrialisation, motorization and the rising mobility. Our results from the Hodonín region indicate that urbanisation and other anthropogenic processes have the closest relationship with the distance from major roads.

scholarly journals Analysis of Settlement of the Road with Full Scale Geotextile Reinforcement on the Very Soft Soil (Case Study in Tapin Regency, South Kalimantan)

2019 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 03012
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arsyad ◽  
Indrasurya B. Mochtar ◽  
Noor Endah Mochtar
Keyword(s):  
Soft Soil ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
The Road ◽  
Local Material ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Soil Settlement ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Additive Materials

Abstract, in case of the construction of road in soft soil, it is necessary toconsider the use of materials around the road construction site, and not touse selected material which is imported from outside the road constructionsite. Thus, aim to overcome the difficulties of using selected materials, namely the difficulty to obtain the materials, the price of expensivematerials , the freight of material that could takes a long time period, highcost, and the use of materials that tend to be environmentally unfriendly. Itis very necessary to learn about the use of nonstandard additive materials, taken to the road construction site, but with the use of geotextilereinforcement. The research method used is a full scale method in the formof trial embankment, so that the performance of the road can be observedfor a long period of time due to the traffic and soil settlement. The resultsobtained is settlement that occur on the road from the combination ofordinary embankment material and local material, most frequently occuredin a larger percentage of ordinary embankment than the local material. While the visual value is relevant to the settlement in which a largerpercentage of ordinary embankment results in a better visual value, due tothe quality of the ordinary embankment material is better than the localmaterial.

scholarly journals Saving Energy in the Transportation Sector: An Analysis of Modified Bitumen Application Based on Marshall Test

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syyed Raheel Shah ◽  
Hunain Arshad ◽  
Ahsan Waqar ◽  
Muhammad Saeed ◽  
Salman Hafeez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
The Road ◽  
Process Modification ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Marshall Test ◽  
Asphalt Mix ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Major Factors

Energy consumption and material production are two major factors associated with the road construction industry. Worldwide, millions of tons of hot mix asphalt production consume a huge amount of fuel as an energy source in terms of quantity and cost to achieve the standard temperature of up to 170 °C during the mixing process. Modification of bitumen can not only reduce its usage but also the consumption of energy (fuel) during the asphalt mix production process at low temperatures. This study provides a method to save energy by proposing the addition of bitumen modifier in the road construction sector. Furthermore, to make it compatible with the field conditions for road construction, stability analysis is executed on the prepared samples by partially replacing the bitumen with polyurethane foam (PUF) and plastic waste (PW) (at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%). Experimental results demonstrate a reasonable saving in the amount of energy (33%) and material (40% bitumen) used and showed that similar strength of developed asphalt mix can be achieved using PUF. An extensive calculation concludes that these savings could make a huge difference in construction economics of mega road infrastructure projects, especially during an energy crisis.

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