Language game as a means of linguistic anecdote organization

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 148-157
Author(s):  
Irina Pakhnenko ◽  
◽  
Svitlana Tielietova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Language Game ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Speech Genre ◽  
Semantic Resolution ◽  
And Linguistics

The article discusses specific features of the anecdote as a speech genre, analyzes communicative-pragmatic principles of creating a comic effect in anecdotes based on the wordplay. It is noted that the concept of «anecdote», despite the fact that it is widely used in modern literary criticism and linguistics, does not have a single interpretation and a precise theoretical definition, which is explained by its genre uniqueness and complexity of a cognitive-pragmatic nature. It is emphasized that the most important part of the work of this genre is its finale, originally known to the narrator. It is the last climax phrase that contains the unexpected and unpredictable final semantic resolution that constitutes the anecdote as such. Among the features inherent in the actual anecdotal texts are: small volume, lack of authorship, reproducibility, indefinite chronotope, stereotypicality of plot schemes, relatively constant set of characters, ambivalence of the meaning of language units, intertextuality, situational functioning, etc. The dominant category of the anecdote text is minimalism, manifested in the choice of details, the number of heroes, laconic form, the volume of compositional components. It is stated that formation of the types of anecdotes took place along two lines: folk and literary. A modern anecdote, in contrast to the literary jokes of previous years, as a rule, is a speech genre, not a literary one, which determines its specificity. It is noted that anecdotes are divided into situational (subject, referential), in which the comic nature of the described situation is not related to the linguistic design, and language (linguistic), which are based on the playing out of certain linguistic phenomena. The comic effect in the latter is based on purely linguistic mechanisms and depends on the choice of the used speech means. An integral part of creating a comic effect in linguistic anecdotes is violation of certain norms, or incongruence, in the implementation of which the leading role is played by the language game. The game potential of phonetic, lexical, word-building, morphological and syntactic means, as well as precedent phenomena involved in speech works of this type are described. Particular attention is paid to punning outplaying of polysemy and various types of homonymy as one of the most popular means of creating a language joke. It is concluded that peculiarity of the game means, used for creating a humorous effect, lies in their function: they have an additional evaluative connotation, express different degrees of negative loading and take part in creating comic ambiguity in the statement.

Semantics for Reasons

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan R. Weaver ◽  
Kevin Scharp
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Moral Reasons ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Question Under Discussion ◽  
And Linguistics

The focus of the book is the semantics of reasons locutions, for example reasons for someone to do something or believe something or be a certain way. Given the leading role that talk of reasons plays in many different kinds of philosophy, the book addresses issues in the theory of reasons, metaethics, epistemology, the philosophies of language and perception, and linguistics. The primary aim of the book is to present and defend a contextualist semantics of reasons locutions. the book’s contextualism for reasons locutions is based on the idea that conversations have a particular question under discussion (QUD). The QUD in a conversation determines which meaning the word ‘reason’ has in that context. The book shows why reasons contextualism is preferable to four competing views on the topic: Simon Blackburn’s expressivism, Stephen Finlay’s conceptual analysis, Tim Henning’s alternative contextualism, and Niko Kolodny’s relativism. In addition, the work pursues secondary aims of consolidating insights about the nature of reasons from different philosophical subfields and establishing results about reasons in several debates ranging across philosophy. In particular, the book draws the implications of reasons contextualism for the ontology of reasons, indexical facts, whether there are reasons to be rational, the nature of moral reasons, and the idea that reasons have a special place in the realm of normative phenomena in general.

scholarly journals Glasnost in Soviet literary criticism: current debates on the Russian national character (1988-1990)

Literator ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
H. Mondry
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
National Character ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Reforms ◽  
Leading Role

Re-evaluation of the cultural heritage of the past has been an integral part of Soviet literary criticism. From 1987 up to the present, literary criticism has played a leading role in the promotion of the economic, social and political reforms of perestroika. Literary critics use the methodology of social deconstruction in the interpretation of the literary texts of the past, actualising the problematics of the texts in accordance with their relevance to contemporary Soviet issues.

scholarly journals Ways of Transferring the Internal Speech of Characters: Psycholinguistic Projection

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-384
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Shytyk ◽  
Alina Akimova
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Semantic Component ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Rose ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Internal Speech

Objective. The purpose of the article is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the ways of transmitting the characters’ internal speech (internal direct speech and non-proper direct speech) in a psycholinguistic projection. Materials & Methods. During the research we used general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, observation, description, classification, definitive analysis), linguistic and psycholinguistic methods (the methods of structural-semantic, component and opposition analysis, the method of dialogical interpretation of the text). Stepan Protsyuk’s psychologically biographical trilogy about Ukrainian writers – Vasyl Stefanyk («The rose of ritual pain»), Arkhyp Teslenko («Black Apple») and Volodymyr Vynnychenko («Masks fall slowly») served as material for research. Results. The multiplicity and multi-sectoral focus of the notion of «internal speech» from the standpoint of psychology, psycholinguistics, philosophy, literary criticism and linguistics are determined. An integrated approach to understanding the essence of internal speech is based on its dialogicality, virtual communicativeness, self-communicativeness and interdependence of language and speech. The qualification characteristics of the internal direct speech and non-proper direct speech are outlined, their structural and semantic varieties are described. The internal speech of the characters appears not only for reproduction of the monologic reflections of the character, but also as a form of inner, veiled talk of characters among themselves. With this in mind, two forms of representation of the internal direct speech are singled out: monologic and dialogic. The non-proper direct speech is differentiated into two varieties depending on stylistic reference points and the degree of approaching the direct speech: «literary» («author’s») and «character’s» («personal»). The functional-stylistic potential of ways of transferring the internal speech in the idiostyle of Stepan Protsiuk is revealed. Conclusions. It is concluded that the ways of transmitting of internal speech (internal direct speech and non-proper direct speech) widely used in the psychologically biographical novels of Stepan Protsiuk provide additional linguistic material for creating of psychological portraits of heroes and contribute to the artistic solution of the tension between the author’s speech and hero’s speech. Moreover, they help to adjust the interactions in their dialogue, reduce the distance between the narrator and the hero, the hero and the reader.

Locating stylistics in the discipline of English studies: a case study analysis of A.E. Housman’s ‘From Far, from Eve and Morning’

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-149
Author(s):  
Andrew Goatly
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Musical Structure ◽  
English Studies ◽  
Clause Structure ◽  
Music Criticism ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
And Linguistics

Abstract Literary stylistics, whose subject matter is literary language, straddles the disciplines of literary criticism and linguistics, as Henry Widdowson pointed out 45 years ago. Since then, developments in discourse analysis and multimodal studies have had the potential to expand the map of the interactions between different disciplines. This case study performs a traditional stylistic analysis of the poem ‘From Far, from Eve and Morning’ from A E Housman’s A Shropshire Lad but also demonstrates the potential for a multimodal perspective on stylistics by relating it to a musical analysis of Vaughan-Williams’ setting of the poem. It begins with a linguistic analysis of phonology, graphology and punctuation, lexis, phrase structure, clause structure and clausal semantics. It proceeds to a discourse analysis of pragmatics and discourse structure. And it ends by relating the linguistic and discoursal analysis to the music through music criticism. By way of conclusion, it suggests that both linguistic analysis and appreciation of musical structure and mood are useful ways into Spitzer’s philological circle, by which linguistic analysis and musical appreciation can pave the way for literary appreciation.

scholarly journals Language of Poetry and Poetic Discourse (on the Problem of the Relationship of Concepts)

2021 ◽  
Vol 163 (4–5) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Siqi Wang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Poetic Language ◽  
Poetic Discourse ◽  
Ethical Discourse ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Linguistics

The article examines the essential and logical-hierarchical relationships of such concepts as poetic discourse, poetic language, and the language of poetry. The relevance of the research is determined by fact that the understanding and interpretation of poetic discourse within the framework of the scientific theory is in a state of development, the methodology of literary criticism and linguistics is evolving, and many concepts are still confused. Opinions expressed by the researchers who have studied the essence of poetic language and language of poetry, as well as support the concept of poetic discourse, are analyzed. The main results of the study include the definition of concepts of ethical discourse, poetic language, and the language of poetry in close logical and epistemological relationship with each other. Based on the obtained results, the following conclusions are made. Firstly, the phenomenal essence of poetic language is described. Secondly, the mechanism of poetic discourse development is viewed as a result of two refractions (author’s and reader’s) of the language of poetry. At the same time, the language of poetry is presented as a locus (modus) of a worldview or a linguistic worldview. Thirdly, poetic discourse is considered as part of artistic discourse, which is not only emotional and aesthetic, but also cognitive and aesthetic content. The above-given conclusions are important for the theory of linguistics and literary criticism, because they contain the rationale for the statement that poetic discourse is a level of understanding and interpretation of the language of poetry as a mode of the linguistic reality. At the same time, poetic language is a skillfully applied technological side of a special kind of creative, heuristic activity.

Language

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-98
Author(s):  
Miriam Feldmann Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Language Game ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Philosophical Investigations ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Linguistic System ◽  
Objective State ◽  
Forms Of Life ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
The Way

This chapter begins with Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations, which offers seminal philosophical reflections on language. It looks at the numerous implications of Wittgenstein's observations in semiotics, cognition, sociology, and linguistics that testify to the acuteness of the problem of language for philosophy. It also examines how Wittgenstein delved into the way language functions and how he abandoned the hope of constructing a linguistic system based on representation. The chapter discusses the 'language game', which reflect different forms of life or the activities in which individuals engage on a daily basis. It talks about contemporary philosophers, which demonstrate that language does not describe an objective state of affairs but, rather, reveals a particular perspective and worldview that is rooted in culture.

scholarly journals Realization of the Comic in the Story by A. Borisova "Zapiski dlya moikh potomkov" (Notes for My Descendants)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 202-211
Author(s):  
Daria I. Frolkina
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Real People ◽  
Child Reader ◽  
Children's Speech ◽  
And Linguistics

In the following article, we explore the ways to create a comic effect in the in the stories of the modern Yakut children’s writer A. Borisova Zapiski dlya moikh potomkov (Notes for My Descendants). The comedic tropes are analyzed on three levels: the characters, the situations, and the language. Children's literature has always been particularly humorous and entertaining, which is vividly seen in the works of the best domestic children's writers (N. Nosov, V. Dragunsky, V. Golyavkin etc.). Because of this, in literary criticism and linguistics there is an extensive classification of various techniques for creating a comedic effect. E. Garanina, N. M. Rotanova, I. V. Tsikusheva and others are engaged in the study of these techniques using children's literature as their research material. Nevertheless, the major works are still devoted to the issues of linguistic comedic effects which determines the relevance of this study. The comic effect of the story by A. Borisova is achieved in several ways, including those of non-literary nature, for example, theatrical circus in the form of classic buffoonery. The comedy is delivered by the main character of the story – the restless girl Valentinka whose defining trait is her ability to get into various funny situations. Valentine’s character is outlined from different sides; the negative sides of the girl are, too, shown to the reader. Because of this, the author emphasizes that the protagonist is a realistic character with all the positive and negative traits typical for real people. Thus the author achieves one of the goals of children’s literature: to convey the important moral and moral values to the child reader using the example of a young protagonist. The comedic elements of fictional situations are based on unexpected or comic contrast caused by a misunderstandings. Language-based comedy is represented quite widely and is based on various types of wordplay, for example, using polysemy, phraseological units or language paradoxes, incorrect word reproduction and imitation of word formation typical for children’s speech. Summing up, we can say that the stories of the Yakut author A. Borisova Zapiski dlya moikh potomkov (Notes for My Descendants) demonstrate various ways of creating a comic effect on a variety of text levels.

Qurʾan and Contemporary Analysis

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Academic Attitudes ◽  
Text Coherence ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
And Linguistics

Contemporary analysis of the Qurʾan is marked by a significant turn from source- and historical-critical into textual analytical approaches, allowing more than ever before for the literary and linguistic components of the text to be uncovered using systematic applications of the methodology derived from contemporary literary theory and linguistics. Such textual approaches existed in the classical Islamic period, such as in works of Ibn al-Anbari, ar-Rummani, Abu Bakr al-Bāqillānī, ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī, and al-Shāṭibī. While maintaining the Islamic theological principle of the Qurʾan’s divine inimitability, those authors analyzed the text from their contemporary literary and linguistic viewpoints. Alternatively, early Western works, dating back to the earliest translations of the Qurʾan into Latin in the 12th century by Robert of Ketton, were marked by polemical attitudes and attention to debating the message of the Qurʾan from Christian theological viewpoints. In the early 20th century, while reformists Muḥammad ʿAbduh and Rashid Ridda in the Middle East called for moving the stagnant waters of Islamic scholarship at the time to produce relevant modern interpretation of the Qurʾan, Western scholars continued to build on the efforts of 19th-century scholars such as Geiger, Hirschfeld, Weil, and Nöldeke, among others, to establish the sources of the Qurʾan’s Judeo-Christian materials through philological and biblical research, and to reproduce a revised Qurʾan based on the chronological order of revelations. However, in the second half of the 20th century, a considerable shift in approach took place, with contemporary scholars such as Montgomery Watt (b. 1909–d. 2006), Kenneth Cragg (b. 1913–d. 2012) and others calling for a change in Western academic attitudes in writing about Islamic topics. While older diachronic source- and historical-critical approaches did not entirely lose their appeal in the postmodern era, which can be seen particularly since the 1980s in the works of Griffith, Reynolds, Neuwirth, Sinai, Witztum, Crone, and Zellentin, the new more text-oriented synchronic approaches analyze the text of Qurʾan as used by Muslims from thematic, structural, linguistic and literary points of views. On the way to a more objective and increasingly systematized approach to the study of the Qurʾanic text, several complementary and competing theories are utilized, either developed within Qurʾanic studies or borrowed from linguistics, literary criticism, and critical discourse analysis approaches. Also, many scholars adopted a combination of historical and textual approaches in attempts to reach deeper and more contextualized understanding of this complex text. Areas such as the thematic unity of the text, coherence and textual relations, and literary analysis of various aspects of the text and its language and linguistics are gaining increasing popularity in recent publications among scholars both in the East and in the West.

scholarly journals The role of linguistics in the development of modern literary criticism

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-35
Author(s):  
Imirana Seydou Maiga
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Ordinary Language ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Creative Language

The nineteenth century is the age of linguistics, which opened the horizons for human sciences in this age, especially the monetary field, which is considered the first beneficiary of the fruits of linguistics, where both work on one material: language. However, linguistics was interested in the ordinary language, while the criticism in the creative language took criticism from the impressionist stage to rely on technical mechanisms to prevent the critic from falling into the trap of self-impression. And with the scientific breakthrough of criticism resulting from the exchange of criticism and linguistics we found several approaches from structural to deconstruction, stylistic, which wanted to contain the page rhetoric, and other approaches that continue to breed with the development of linguistics, and do not forget the analysis of speech, and the mechanisms of the reader and his response. These scientific observations, which will be discussed in this study in the following lines.

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