scholarly journals Terra incognita: Ukrainian adventure prose of the first third of the 20th century. Review of the Monograph by Lyudmila Kulakevych «Genre Strategies of Ukrainian Adventure Prose of the First Third of the 20th Century» (Dnipro, 2020)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
Ninel Zavertaluk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
World Culture ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Terra Incognita ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Cultural Expansion ◽  
Original Approach

The paper reviews the monograph by L. Kulakevych, states the relevance of studies in the field of Ukrainian adventure literature of the first third of the 20th century. The review emphasizes that the monograph is devoted to a virtually unknown but powerful layer of Ukrainian adventure literature of the first third of the twentieth century. Some of the works studied in the monograph are only mentioned in the general reviews of the writers’ literary legacies while the other works remained unknown for the literary critics for almost a century. For instance, such works as «Opovidannia pro Sofochku y Dzhyma» (The Story of Sofochka and Jim) by D. Buzko, «Zaradynei» («For Her Sake») by I. Dniprovskyi, «Vurkahan» («Criminal») by Y. Miakota, «Viter z hir» («Wind from the Mountains») by S. Skliarenko, and «KniazBartsila» (Prince Bartsila) by O. Slisarenko. The importance of the monograph lies in the study of the works against the background of global cultural processes. The first section «The Nature of Genre in Adventure Literature: The Theoretical Aspect» pays special attention to the introduction of the contemporary Ukrainian literary processes into the global trends. In particular, it highlights the increased interest in adventure works, which, according to the literary critics of different countries, remained unnoticed due to colonial and gender discourses, demonstrating, to put it mildly, the «unattractive» side of European cultural expansion. This section also contains a detailed analysis of the existing definitions of «adventure» literature, the author of the monograph works on the disambiguation of the terms concerning «adventure» and providesmore clear and precise definitions. In the second chapter, L. Kulakevych analyzes the novels which, according to her, are the examples of the new genres in Ukrainian literature: frontier, western / eastern, robinsonade, roxolania. In the third section, the author studies the texts-representatives of the printed series, travelogue, and action genres. While analyzing the texts, L. Kulakevich points out the artistic components that serve as markers to attribute the texts to a certain genre. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the innovative quest of Ukrainian writers of the 20-30s of the 20th century, in particular, the development of the new genres in Ukrainian adventure discourse – noir novel, horror, detective, spy narrative, novel-quest. While substantiating the affiliation of the work to a particular genre, the researcher uses the theses of modern foreign experts in the field of literature and cinema to support her ideas. In the fifth chapter, L. Kulakevich investigates the texts, whichcontributedto the Ukrainian fiction with the new genres of chrono-travel, thriller, and alternative history. It is evident, that in the research of L. Kulakevych the Ukrainian adventure literature of the first third of the 20th century appears as an extraordinary and multidimensional phenomenon that synthesized the achievements of world culture and innovations of Ukrainian writers. In general, the monograph is highly praised for up to date factual basis, original approach to the analysis of literary works, and informative presentation.

Травелоги югославских писательниц первой половины ХХ века: в поисках идентичности

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
А. Г. БОДРОВА
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Egyptian Women ◽  
Dialogical Philosophy ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Women's Travel ◽  
Gender Boundaries

The paper considers travelogues of Yugoslav female writers Alma Karlin, Jelena Dimitrijević, Isidora Sekulić, Marica Gregorič Stepančič, Marica Strnad, Luiza Pesjak. These texts created in the first half of the 20th century in Serbian, Slovenian and German are on the periphery of the literary field and, with rare exceptions, do not belong to the canon. The most famous of these authors are Sekulić from Serbia and the German-speaking writer Karlin from Slovenia. Recently, the work of Dimitrijević has also become an object of attention of researchers. Other travelogues writers are almost forgotten. Identity problems, especially national ones, are a constant component of the travelogue genre. During a journey, the author directs his attention to “other / alien” peoples and cultures that can be called foreign to the perceiving consciousness. However, when one perceives the “other”, one inevitably turns to one's “own”, one's own identity. The concept of “own - other / alien”, on which the dialogical philosophy is based (M. Buber, G. Marcel, M. Bakhtin, E. Levinas), implies an understanding of the cultural “own” against the background of the “alien” and at the same time culturally “alien” on the background of “own”. Women's travel has a special status in culture. Even in the first half of the 20th century the woman was given space at home. Going on a journey, especially unaccompanied, was at least unusual for a woman. According to Simone de Beauvoir, a woman in society is “different / other”. Therefore, women's travelogues can be defined as the look of the “other” on the “other / alien”. In this paper, particular attention is paid to the interrelationship of gender, national identities and their conditioning with a cultural and historical context. At the beginning of the 20th century in the Balkans, national identity continues actively to develop and the process of women's emancipation is intensifying. Therefore, the combination of gender and national issues for Yugoslavian female travelogues of this period is especially relevant. Dimitrijević's travelogue Seven Seas and Three Oceans demonstrates this relationship most vividly: “We Serbian women are no less patriotic than Egyptian women... Haven't Serbian women most of the merit that the big Yugoslavia originated from small Serbia?” As a result of this study, the specificity of the national and gender identity constructs in the first half of the 20th century in the analyzed texts is revealed. For this period one can note, on the one hand, the preservation of national and gender boundaries, often supported by stereotypes, on the other hand, there are obvious tendencies towards the erosion of the established gender and national constructs, the mobility of models of gender and national identification as well, largely due to the sociohistorical processes of the time.

Determinants, Attitudes and Practices on Child Marriage: Evidences from Rural Rajasthan

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1and2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Azeez E.P. ◽  
Amit Poonia
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Girl Child ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Social Concerns ◽  
And Gender

Rajasthan State is one of the hotspots of child marriages in India. A large number of children especially girl child get married before attaining the legal age and even before the occurrence of physical maturity. The magnitude of the age-old tradition has decreased in many regions in comparison to the last decade of 20th century. But still the diminishment of the child marriage is not promising and it exists as one of the major social concerns. The very existence of child marriage has multifaceted effects on the individuals who victimized for it. The glaring gender disparity and gender biased issues are also one of the products of early marriages.

scholarly journals REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHICAL EDUCATION: CHANGES IN GLOBAL TRENDS IN MODERN SCHOOL GEOGRAPHY

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 9-20
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Regional Geography ◽  
Geographical Education ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Modern School ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Initial Outcome ◽  
The Subject

The position of regional geography in the system of geographical sciences is a topic that has been the subject of intense epistemologically and methodologically focused discussion within scientific realm at the global level since the middle of the 20th century. The initial outcome of these processes at the academic level was the marginalization of regional geography in the study of spatial phenomena, but since then there was a partial revitalization of the regional approach. In view of these changes, the place of regional geography within geographical education also began to be problematized. In this paper, it is conducted a critical review of selected academic articles from the last few decades that at least in a certain segment touch on this topic, as well as analysis of recent trends in school geography. This analysis suggests that it is difficult to find an adequate replacement for regional content, especially in the geographical education at lower levels of education, and that in many countries it still represents the basis or at least an important part of the geographical curriculum. However, at the same time, the need for change of teaching approach based on the excessive so-called regional inventory of space, by introducing general geographical concepts in the study of regional units of various levels, and putting them in the service of the development of critical thinking in students.

scholarly journals The begіnnіng of transformatіon of the Belarusіan vіllage

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Alіaksandr G. Kakhanouski
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Land Arrangement

The artіcle presents the begіnnіng of the systemіc transformatіon of the Belarusіan vіllage, іts transіtіon from tradіtіon to modernіty lіnked wіth the abolіtіon of serfdom, whіch іn іts turn was the fіrst and most іmportant reform together wіth other bourgeoіs reforms. Transformatіon of the vіllage embraced the socіo-economіc organіsatіon, cultural lіfe of the vіllage, demographіc behavіour, іngraіned peasantry іdentіfіcatіon. The author draws attentіon to the fact that economy based on serfdom іn Belarus shortly before іts abolіtіon was more wіdely represented than іn many other regіons of the Russіan Empіre. The author goes on to show the process of іmplementatіon of the reform of 1861, іts peculіarіtіes іn Belarus. Also the land arrangement of varіous categorіes of peasantry іs characterіsed. The author states that іn condіtіons of abolіtіon of serfdom on the terrіtory of Belarus changes carrіed out by the authorіtіes of the Russіan Empіre owіng to the uprіsіng of 1863 actually had the nature of an іndependent reform іn terms of іntensіty of theіr consequences. The author concludes that the maіn result of the reform of 1861 was the attaіnment by peasants of personal lіberty, whіle the fate of modernіsatіon processes іn Belarus іn the second half of the 19th – the begіnnіng of the 20th century, fіrst of all, depended on the degree of іnvolvement peasants іn these processes, who consequently became subjects of socіo-economіc, socіo-polіtіcal and cultural processes.

Gender and Modern Jewish Thought

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Dara Cooper
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Leo Strauss ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Feminist Analysis ◽  
Jewish Thought ◽  
German Philosopher ◽  
Male Dominated ◽  
Political Philosopher ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Modern Jewish Thought

Modern Jewish thought has been largely a masculine discursive space in both its historical construction and its focus, which is reflected in the makeup of its accepted canon. Certain figures are generally included in edited collections and syllabi of modern Jewish thought and philosophy. The field’s medieval and early modern antecedents include 12th-century scholar Moses Maimonides and 17th-century thinker Baruch Spinoza. The 18th-century German philosopher Moses Mendelssohn is generally viewed as the “father” of the field. Beginning with the 19th- and 20th-century German philosopher Hermann Cohen, prominent 20th-century figures include the following: German philosophers Franz Rosenzweig and Martin Buber; French-Lithuanian thinker Emmanuel Levinas; American thinkers Mordecai Kaplan, Joseph B. Soloveitchik, and Abraham Joshua Heschel; and post-Holocaust philosophers and theologians Emil Fackenheim, Richard Rubenstein, and Eliezer Berkovits. Other notable figures include founding Reform rabbi Abraham Geiger, Orthodox rabbis Samson Raphael Hirsch and Abraham Isaac Kook, political philosopher Leo Strauss, Israeli Orthodox thinker Yeshayahu Leibowitz, and American rabbi and philosopher Eugene Borowitz. Sometimes the political philosopher Hannah Arendt and feminist theologians such as Judith Plaskow are included, but the entirety of the canon is often male-dominated. Form tends to mirror content in the formation and maintenance of such canons. In these cases, male-dominated discourse, drawn from a network of male thinkers who operate in relation to one another, favors approaches that foreground and privilege the masculine. While this textual corpus has remained largely immune to critiques informed by gender and feminist analysis, important and groundbreaking contributions to the fields of gender and Jewish philosophy have been made. It is not simply a matter of adding women-identified and nonbinary voices to the canon (although any heterogeneity is preferable to none), but of attending to critiques informed by gender and feminist analysis in order to uncover viewpoints and frameworks that have been overlooked. This article includes sources that attend to this aim in a variety of ways and with differing methodologies: texts by women-identified writers and texts about women and gender (in many cases overlapping), texts that critically analyze the construction and preservation of sex and gender hierarchies, texts that uncover philosophical omissions by male-identified thinkers, and texts that philosophically reflect upon experiences and lived realities that have been largely neglected, including embodiment, emotion, affect, vulnerability, maternity, and a feminist ethics of care, among others. These interventions consider, among other foundational questions: Who is included or excluded from the canonical framework? What can contemporary theories of gender teach us about the use of gendered terms in Judaism? In what ways can feminist criticism identify the masculinist assumptions of texts and the hierarchical construction of masculinity and femininity? How does the historical construction of the field reflect exclusive social and political norms? These questions and demands can extend to the ways that we canonically (re)construct the field of modern Jewish thought. This article addresses developments and interventions in critical gender analysis in relation to modern Jewish thought, tracking these contributions in secondary literature to increase their visibility, with an eye to expanding the scope and inclusiveness of the canon in the future.

Dynamics of Cultural and Educational Processes of National Minorities of Transcarpathia of the Second Half of the 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-253
Author(s):  
Natalija Malets ◽  
Oleksandr Malets
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
National Minority ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The People ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Socialist Economic

The article analyses the dynamics of ethnic composition and ethnic processes in Transcarpathia in the second half of the 20th century, as well as ethno-cultural processes of national consolidation of Ukrainians of the region as part of the Ukrainian nation. The paper evaluates the practice of the Soviet state and the ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) to determine the nature, content and directions of all ethno-national and ethno-cultural policies in Transcarpathia. While researching the consolidation processes of Transcarpathian Ukrainians as part of the Ukrainian nation, the authors showed that the development of the traditions of Ukrainian national culture was seen in the environment of the creative intelligentsia and the majority of the people as an alternative to ideological communication. It is justified that the main goal of the communist authorities in Transcarpathia in 1945-1991 was to establish socialist, economic, political and ideological regime in the region. In order to accelerate this process, a Russian (Russian-speaking) national minority was hastily created in the region by the state authorities, which, having occupied leading political, ideological and economic positions, became a reliable support for the new communist regime. The article analyses the dynamics of ethnic composition and ethnic processes in Transcarpathia in the second half of the 20th century, as well as ethno-cultural processes of national consolidation of Ukrainians of the region as part of the Ukrainian nation. The paper evaluates the practice of the Soviet state and the ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) to determine the nature, content and directions of all ethno-national and ethno-cultural policies in Transcarpathia. While researching the consolidation processes of Transcarpathian Ukrainians as part of the Ukrainian nation, the authors showed that the development of the traditions of Ukrainian national culture was seen in the environment of the creative intelligentsia and the majority of the people as an alternative to ideological communication. It is justified that the main goal of the communist authorities in Transcarpathia in 1945-1991 was to establish socialist, economic, political and ideological regime in the region. In order to accelerate this process, a Russian (Russian-speaking) national minority was hastily created in the region by the state authorities, which, having occupied leading political, ideological and economic positions, became a reliable support for the new communist regime.

For Girls: The Sexual Politics of Girls’ Comics in Post-War Britain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tegwyn Hughes
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Sexual Politics ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
British Society ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Teenage Girls ◽  
Main Basis ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Post War

This paper will investigate girls’ comics in late 20th century Britain to illuminate the experiences of the adolescent post-war generation. My research focuses on girls’ comics, specifically Bunty, Mandy, and Judy, which were read widely throughout the country. The illustrated stories in these publications typically portrayed teenage girls as the protagonists in a variety of situations and adventures. By using the primary source documents of the comics as the main basis for my research, I explore the following questions: to what extent did the comics reflect the changing assumptions about gender and gender expectations in British society from the 1950s to 1970s? Did girls feel empowered by the stories they read, or did they feel like they had to conform to a certain ideal of womanhood produced by gender norms? How were these ideals configured by race, especially by Caribbean migration in post-war Britain? By examining this small portion of British popular culture and its reception, I will gain a wider understanding of fluid and dynamic ideas about gender in these crucial decades of the late 20th century.  

scholarly journals Character Pleasantness in Malaysian Animated Cartoon Characters

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Mohd Rosli Arshad ◽  
Kim Hae Yoon ◽  
Ahmad Azaini Manaf
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Creative Industry ◽  
Business Organization ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Animated Cartoon ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Cartoon Characters ◽  
One Way Anova

Current global trends have proved the creative industry to be one of the important sources of economic growth among developed countries. Creativity and its importance for Malaysia have made it imperative for any business organization to use creativity in a range of ways including multimedia content and animation. Malaysian animation viewers are rapidly influenced by digital media entertainment. The rise of such entertainment tends to drive them away from understanding what lies behind it that affect their emotion and thoughts. Therefore, the focus of this paper is to look into the experiences of “pleasantness” in viewer’s emotions that stimulate the perception of pleasure when watching Malaysian animated cartoon characters. A descriptive and One-Way Anova will be implemented in this study to examine the design aesthetics and perception from the animation viewers that affects the psychological experiences in emotions that determines the pleasantness feeling. Overall, the results indicate that perceived pleasantness on Malaysian animated cartoon characters did not differ between age and gender. We believe this finding will benefit the creative content creators and help them to understand more about local animation viewers.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Bäckström
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
School Health ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the relationship between welfare and religion. The relationship between welfare and religion, as it developed during the 20th century, was shaped during the formative ‘golden years’ following 1945. Welfare became part of a modernity in which the relationship between religion and societal institutions—such as school, health, and social care—was weakening rapidly or in some cases had ceased to exist. Studies of different welfare regimes have revealed, however, that their roots lie in contrasting political, social and religious circumstances. These circumstances function as a historically based ‘glue’ that helps to explain the subtle values that connect religion and welfare within these different systems. The chapter then presents the project Welfare and Values in Europe: Transitions Related to Religion, Minorities and Gender (WaVE), which formed the background to the project featured in this volume.

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