scholarly journals The importance of offshore areas in southern Öresund, Sweden, for staging and wintering sea ducks

Ornis Svecica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1–2) ◽  
pp. 24-39
Author(s):  
Martin Green ◽  
Leif Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Time Pattern ◽  
Sea Ducks ◽  
National Importance ◽  
Mergus Merganser ◽  
Winter Peak ◽  
International Importance ◽  
Melanitta Fusca ◽  
Clangula Hyemalis ◽  
General Time

The occurrence of wintering and spring-staging sea ducks in the southern part of Swedish Öresund was surveyed from air and ship during the period 2001–2011. Altogether 22 air and 20 boat surveys were made during the months November–May and here we present the results regarding five commonly recorded sea ducks. We present the numbers recorded and the general time pattern of occurrence during winter and spring in the area. Recorded numbers are then used for evaluating the importance of the area, both in relation to national wintering totals as well as to international (Baltic) totals. Southern Swedish Öresund is of no larger importance for Long-tailed Duck Clangula hyemalis in winter and spring. The area is however of national importance for both Velvet Scoter Melanitta fusca and Common Scoter Melanitta nigra in winter. Peak numbers of Common Scoters do also reach international importance. Southern Swedish Öresund is of large national and international importance for both wintering and spring-staging Eider Somateria mollissima and Red-breasted Merganser Mergus merganser.

Pleistocene ducks of the Old Crow Basin, Yukon Territory, Canada

1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1561-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald R. Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Common Eider ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Common ◽  
Melanitta Fusca ◽  
Clangula Hyemalis

Thirteen species of ducks, ranging in age from ?latest Illinoian to Holocene, have been identified from the Old Crow Basin. The most common species in the collection is the Oldsquaw (Clangula hyemalis), followed by the White-winged Scoter (Melanitta fusca). The genus Anas (six species) is well represented. The Ring-necked Duck (Aythya collaris) and the Black Scoter (Melanitta nigra) also occupied the area in the past. This shows that good habitat for ducks has existed in the area at times since the ?Illinoian and supports environmental reconstructions for the area suggesting that ?Sangamon conditions were as warm as, or warmer than, today, with ponds and streams and pockets of boreal forest. There is also evidence for inland migration of the Common Eider (Somateria mollissima).

scholarly journals Distribution and numbers of wintering sea ducks in Swedish offshore waters

Ornis Svecica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1–2) ◽  
pp. 39-59
Author(s):  
Leif Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
The West ◽  
Sea Ducks ◽  
Aerial Surveys ◽  
Mergus Serrator ◽  
Melanitta Fusca ◽  
Clangula Hyemalis ◽  
Swedish Data

The first survey of seaducks covering the offshore waters of the entire Baltic was undertaken in 1992/1993, when, however, the Swedish waters were covered with relatively few ship surveys. The second all Baltic survey 2007–2011 included extensive aerial surveys of all Swedish offshore waters. This paper presents the Swedish data from these two surveys, supplemented with data from several other but partial surveys back to the early 1970s. The most numerous wintering seaduck in the Swedish waters was the Long-tailed Duck Clangula hyemalis with an estimated population of 1.41 million in 1992/1993, decreasing with 69% to 0.44 million in 2007–2009. Hoburg bank south of Gotland and the two Midsjö banks accounted for the vast majority of these ducks. In 2009–2011 only small numbers of scoters Melanitta fusca and M. nigra were found in Swedish Baltic waters. The totals for the Eider Somateria molissima and Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator were estimated at 20,000 and 8,000, respectively. Larger numbers of Eiders (50,000) and scoters (20,000) were found on the west coast.

scholarly journals Behavioral Responses to Decreasing Day Length in Wintering Sea Ducks

The Auk ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geir H. Systad ◽  
Jan O. Bustnes ◽  
Kjell E. Erikstad
Keyword(s):  
Prey Availability ◽  
Day Length ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Sea Ducks ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Night Feeding ◽  
Common Eiders ◽  
Lower Light

Abstract Sea ducks generally are diurnal feeders, but large numbers winter above the Arctic Circle where day lengths decrease dramatically in winter. To determine how sea ducks cope with short day lengths, we studied different aspects of the behavior of three sympatric wintering species (Common Eider [Somateria mollissima], King Eider [S. spectabilis], and Oldsquaw [Clangula hyemalis]) at 70°N where day length is reduced to less than 4.5 h of twilight in midwinter. Numbers of both eider species remained fairly constant throughout winter, whereas Oldsquaws moved out of the area in midwinter. As day length decreased, eiders extended their feeding period into lower light intensities. Common Eiders and Oldsquaws spent a higher proportion of the day diving (underwater) when days were short, whereas King Eiders did not. As the days lengthened, King Eiders and Oldsquaws increased their total time diving at similar rates, which were faster than those of Common Eiders. Feeding at lower light intensities and increased proportions of time spent diving did not offset reduced feeding time in midwinter, and estimated time spent underwater during daylight on the shortest days was only 35% of that on the longest days in King Eiders, 51% in Common Eiders, and 39% in Oldsquaws. The ability to survive when days are short might be explained by use of stored nutrient reserves, night feeding, or high prey availability.

scholarly journals Diplostomum and Ornithodiplostomum scardinii (Diplostomidae, Digenea) species from naturally infected birds (Anatinae) in the Czech Republic and in Poland: morphological, morphometric and ecological features

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sitko ◽  
I. Rząd
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Infected Bird ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Tufted Duck ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Morphology And Morphometry ◽  
Clangula Hyemalis

Abstract The study aimed to describe morphological and morphometric characteristics of species representing the genera Diplostomum Nordmann, 1832 and Ornithodiplostomum Dubois, 1936, originating from naturally infected birds in the Czech Republic and in Poland, and to compare their species richness and the intensity of infection in their avian hosts. Diplostomum mergi Dubois, 1932, D. parviventosum Dubois, 1932, D. phoxini (Faust, 1918), D. pusillum (Dubois, 1928), and Ornithodiplostomum scardinii (Schulman, 1952) were found in the gossander (Mergus merganser). D. parviventosum was found in the velvet scoter (Melanitta fusca). D. pungitii Shigin, 1965 was found in the tufted duck (Aythya fuligula), common eider (Somateria mollissima), common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula), and in the long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis). D. spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819) was found in the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Morphology and morphometry of those Diplostomum species from the Czech Republic and from Poland were not analyzed before. The morphological and morphometric description of the adult form of O. scardinii presented in this study has been the first such description of a specimen obtained from a naturally infected bird. The highest intensity of infection was observed in the gossander (D. pusillum and D. mergi). Study results provided new data on the occurrence of the Diplostomum and O. scardinii trematodes in the Czech Republic and in Poland.

Selenium status in sea ducks (Melanitta fusca,Melanitta nigraandClangula hyemalis) wintering on the southern Baltic coast, Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1019-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogumiła Pilarczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Tomza-Marciniak ◽  
Renata Pilarczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Kavetska ◽  
Izabella Rząd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selenium Status ◽  
Sea Ducks ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Southern Baltic ◽  
Melanitta Fusca

scholarly journals Reactions of ground-nesting marine birds to human disturbance in the Canadian Arctic

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark L. Mallory
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Avian Flight ◽  
Common Eiders ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Clangula Hyemalis ◽  
Ground Nesting

I studied the reactions of five ground-nesting marine bird species (Arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea), Sabine’s gull (Xema sabini), common eider (Somateria mollissima), long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis), and Ross’ gull (Rhodostethia rosea)) breeding in the low and high Arctic to disturbance from nearby aircraft as well as avian flight initiation response to humans approaching on foot. All species except nesting long-tailed ducks and common eiders departed their nest when overhead aircraft were within 200 m, with loafing birds often flying off when aircraft were still 1 km away. There was considerable individual and species-specific variation in responses to approaching humans, with some nesting birds not flushing from their nest until touched by a researcher (e.g., waterfowl, 0 m), while others flushed when people were 400 m away (Ross’s gull). Excluding Ross’s gulls, 95% of the individuals of most species did not initiate flight until humans were ≤100 m from the nest, suggesting that this might represent a minimum, suitable “buffer zone” around nesting colonies for nonmotorized human activities.

scholarly journals Virio- and bacterioplankton of the Barents Sea in the autumn

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-2021) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
A.N. Gurba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Bird Fauna ◽  
Wintering Area ◽  
Weather Changes ◽  
Clangula Hyemalis ◽  
Glaucous Gull

The water area of the Kola Bay is an important place for marine and near-water birds during spring-autumn migrations and wintering periods. The results of counts of wintering birds in different parts of the bay in 2020–2021 are presented. The observations were carried out on the coast areas of the bay with the adjacent water area (Gryaznaya Bay, the area of the Kola Bridge). In general, in the southern and middle parts of the Kola Bay, the most numerous species in winter were common eider Somateria mollissima,long-tailed duck Clangula hyemalis, mallard Anas platyrhynchos, and glaucous gull Larus hyperboreus. During the observations, a relatively low nymber of wintering purple sandpipers Calidris maritima was noted in comparison to previous years. The composition of the bird fauna in the Kola Bay is fairly constant during the winter. Abrupt weather changes, such as warming, cooling, or snowstorms, c ause only small movements of birds within the wintering area.

The monitoring of breeding seabirds and eiders

1995 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 137-164
Author(s):  
G. M. Dunnet ◽  
M. Heubeck
Keyword(s):  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Royal Commission ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Seabird Species ◽  
The North ◽  
National Importance ◽  
Seabird Colony ◽  
The North Sea

Twenty-one species of seabirds breed regularly in Shetland, some of them in huge, spectacular, multi-species colonies on cliffs. The Sullom Voe Environmental Advisory Group Environmental Impact Statement (SVEAG 1976) provides a table showing the relative importance of seabird species in terms of Scotland and the British Isles. We have updated these data in the light of the Seabird Colony Register (Lloyd et al. 1991) and present data for seven species, vulnerable to oil pollution, in Table 1. It is clear that these populations are of national importance and indeed several are internationally important. Separately, an estimate was provided by SVEAG of the numbers of sea ducks and divers wintering in Shetland waters and updated estimates are given by Suddaby (1992) (Table 2). Chief among these is the eider duck (Somateria mollissima) which is apparently resident in Shetland throughout the year (Heubeck 1993a). In its Eighth Report, on Oil Pollution at Sea, the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (1981) recognised the vulnerability of seabirds to oil pollution and this was clearly a matter of concern in Shetland and elsewhere when the flow of enormous quantities of crude oil into Sullom Voe via undersea pipelines and out of Sullom Voe by large tankers became a reality. The risk to seabirds of oil pollution is well documented (Bourne 1968; RSPB 1979). Dunnet (1974, 1980, 1982, 1987) has reviewed the situation in relation to the North Sea oil industry.

scholarly journals Distribution and Numbers of Three Globally Threatened Waterbird Species Wintering in Morocco: The Common Pochard, Marbled Teal, and White-Headed Duck

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Asmaâ Ouassou ◽  
Mohamed Dakki ◽  
Mohammed-Aziz El Agbani ◽  
Abdeljebbar Qninba ◽  
R’himou El Hamoumi
Keyword(s):  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Large Database ◽  
National Importance ◽  
Waterbird Species ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
International Importance ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
The Common ◽  
Key Sites

Morocco plays a key role in the life of many migratory birds and their survival, thanks to the diversity and richness of its ecosystems. The International Waterbird Census (IWC) has been regularly implemented in Morocco since 1983. Thanks to this program, a large database on wintering waterbirds’ populations has been collected. In this article, we summarize the wintering data of three globally threatened waterbirds: Aythya ferina, Marmaronetta angustirostris, and Oxyura leucocephala. The population of Aythya ferina, which is declining, is largely distributed in the country, in over a hundred wetlands, 26 of which verify the national importance criteria. Marmaronetta angustirostris has a stable trend over the years even though its population can know high annual fluctuations; it winters in more or less 50 wetlands, among which 18 host more than 1% of its regional population and 16 verify the criteria for national importance. On the contrary, Oxyura leucocephala, a globally endangered bird only encountered in a dozen wetlands, shows a moderate increase in its numbers; only two wetlands verify the Ramsar criterion 6, while a total of six can be considered of national importance. Furthermore, given the conservation statuses of these waterbirds and according to the Ramsar criterion 2, all their hosting sites are of international importance. The results presented in this paper are a crucial step for the adoption and implementation of adequate conservation measures for the species and their key sites. Nevertheless, comprehensive research and coordinated efforts on the factors (ecological and anthropogenic) influencing the species, at the national and international levels, are required for a better understanding of their populations’ dynamics.

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