Faculty Opinions recommendation of Retrotransposon-induced mutations in grape skin color.

Anthocyanins in red grape skin have a positive effect on fruit color and human health. The effect of foliar potassium application on anthocyanin accumulation in grape skin is not well understood. The study aimed to better understand the mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in grape skin in response to foliar sprays of K2SO4 and KH2PO4. In this study, we investigated the effects of foliar application of KH2PO4 (T2), K2SO4 (T1) and distilled water (CK) on the skin color of ‘Kyoho’ grapes at mid-ripe and mature stages. At 90 and 110 days after full bloom (DAFB), T2 had the greatest total soluble solids (TSS), flavonoid and total anthocyanin contents, followed by T1 and CK. At two stages, the titratable acid content decreased and the juice pH increased under T2 treatment relative to CK. T1 and T2 had lower lightness (L*) than CK, and the color index of red grapes (CIRG) under T1 and T2 increased at two stages compared to CK. KEGG metabolic pathway analysis revealed that flavonoid biosynthesis was the most significantly enriched pathway in CK vs. T2 at 90 and 110 DAFB. At 90 DAFB, T2 had higher expressions of phenylalanine ammonia-lyas (PAL), cytochrome P450 CYP73A100 (CYP73A), 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL), chalcone synthase (CHS), flavanone 3-dioxygenase-like (F3H) and UDP glucose: flavonoid 3-o-glucosyl transferase (UFGT) than CK and T1. Foliar application of potassium fertilizer may accelerate anthocyanin accumulation by altering the transcript levels of PAL, CYP73A, 4CL, CHS, F3H, and UFGT of the flavonoid biosynthesis.

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Harpin Proteins Improve Bioactive Compounds Content in Crimson Seedless Table Grape

The Open Bioactive Compounds Journal ◽

10.2174/1874847301907010001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Pasquale Crupi ◽

Giambattista Debiase ◽

Gianvito Masi ◽

Francesca Mangione ◽

Luigi Tarricone

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Skin Color ◽

Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽

Table Grape ◽

Berry Skin ◽

Grape Skin ◽

Growing Period ◽

Commercial Harvest ◽

Red Color ◽

And Control

Background: Frequently, in warm climates such as Mediterranean areas, a red-pink table grape ‘Crimson Seedless’ does not reach a good berry skin color; and an acceptable anthocyanin bioactive compounds content, responsible for the red color of berries. Harpin proteins are biotechnologically developed bio-activators that, if applied on plants during the growing period, trigger the expression of hundreds of genes among which those associated with the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds (such as anthocyanins). Aim: This research aimed at using harpin proteins to test their suitability in improving the grape skin color. Methods and Materials: Beta-harpin protein 1% p.a. (400 g/Ha) was applied to ‘Crimson Seedless’ vines three times at the beginning of veraison. Six samplings were carried out for both the treated and control grapes until commercial harvest. In the skin extracts, total and individual anthocyanins content was determined by UV-Vis and RP-HPLC-DAD analyses, respectively. Results: The collected results confirmed that the application of harpin proteins effectively stimulated the anthocyanin biosynthesis leading to make peonidin-3O-glucoside, cyanidin-3O-glucoside, and malvidin-3O-glucoside values from 2 to almost 10 folds higher in treated grapes than in control grapes (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Actually, harpin proteins improved the color of the berry skin, leading to a significantly higher concentration of anthocyanins in treated than in control grapes.

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A PCR-based diagnostic tool for distinguishing grape skin color mutants

Plant Science ◽

10.1016/j.plantsci.2008.05.010 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 175 (3) ◽

pp. 402-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Sabrina Giannetto ◽

Riccardo Velasco ◽

Michela Troggio ◽

Giulia Malacarne ◽

Paolo Storchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Tool ◽

Skin Color ◽

Grape Skin

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Table Grapes: There Is More to Vitiviniculture than Wine…

10.5772/intechopen.99986 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Cristina Agulheiro-Santos ◽

Marta Laranjo ◽

Sara Ricardo-Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Skin Color ◽

Consumer Preferences ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Morphological Description ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Grape Skin ◽

Table Grapes ◽

Introductory Note ◽

The Impact ◽

World Distribution

Table grapes are fruits intended for fresh human consumption due to their sensory attributes and nutritional value. The objective of this chapter is to review the existing knowledge about table grapes, including a description of different varieties, with particular emphasis on the new highly appreciated seedless varieties. Following an introductory note on the world distribution and production of table grapes, also considering the impact of climate change, selected varieties of table grapes will be characterized in terms of their physiology, postharvest features, and consumer preferences. A morphological description of each variety, with emphasis on grape skin, grape rachis and grape cluster will be included. A final note on the drying of table grapes into raisins, and the most appropriate varieties for drying, will be given. The major changes occurring throughout the growth, development, and ripening phases of table grapes production will be discussed, regarding both physical (skin color and skin and pulp texture) and chemical (phenolic compounds, sugar content and acidity) parameters, as well as growth regulators.

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Psychology and Emotions of Skin Color and Nappy Hair: Intergenerational Legacies and Mother--Daughter Relationships

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e341522004-001 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Lewis Marva

Keyword(s):

Skin Color

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If Looks Could Kill

in:cite journal ◽

10.33137/incite.3.34723 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 81-84

Author(s):

Karen Chan

Keyword(s):

Skin Color ◽

Daily Rhythm ◽

Significant Rate ◽

Chinese Canadian ◽

First Time ◽

The Way

For me, rhythm means having consistency. The piece highlights my own experience with the disruption of my daily rhythm due to COVID-19. The first half shows my routine and interactions prior to COVID-19 while the second half shows my experiences in the present day. Prior to the virus, I had a day to day routine that was filled with noise. Everyday moved quickly and I established a daily rhythm. However, when COVID-19 spread, it changed everything. I felt like I didn’t have a routine anymore because I wasn’t allowed to go anywhere. Time was moving much slower and worst of all, xenophobia was growing at a significant rate. As a Chinese Canadian, this was the first time I truly felt the weight of the color of my skin. COVID-19 changed the way that I consistently assumed that the color of my skin wasn’t something that strangers would significantly care about. However, as I got on a bus, I unintentionally scared a woman simply because of my skin color. From that point, I knew that xenophobia would affect the way people perceived me everyday. The woman was scared of the virus— which in turn was scared of me—and I was scared that she would thwart her anger towards me because I am Chinese. If looks could kill, then the woman and I ironically both feared each other. Now, due to COVID-19, I am adapting to a new routine. A routine where the color of skin rings louder than any other sound.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in Tehsil Batkhela District Malakand, KPK, Pakistan

International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review ◽

10.15520/ijcrr/2018/9/06/525 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (06) ◽

pp. 20251-20256

Author(s):

Mudassir Khan ◽

Shahrukh Khan ◽

Shohra Haider ◽

Fazal Jalil ◽

Muhsin Jamal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Skin Color ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Rapid Test ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Hcv Rna ◽

Common Symptom

Background: Prevalence of Hepatitis C viral infection and its major risk factors has been found out in population of Batkhela, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan by taking number of volunteers from the interested area. HCV prevalence has not been researched in recent time here in this area, so that’s why we contributed. Materials and Methods: Ab rapid test cassette serum/plasma (USA) kit has been used for the mentioned purpose following by ELISA and finally PCR to find out active infection of virus. ICT positive individuals were reconfirmed by ELISA and then ELISA positive samples were carefully investigated by RT-PCR for Hepatitis C Virus. Results: The study population was of 770 volunteers belonging to the mentioned area of research, 453 males and 317 females. The overall prevalence was found to be 5.32% of HCV in Batkhela. This prevalence ratio was 3.12% in males and 2.20 % in females. 3rd generation ELISA was used to refine ICT positive samples which showed that 37 of the ICT positive samples had antibodies detected by ELISA. To find out active HCV infection, ELISA positive samples were refined by real time PCR which showed 2.98% of prevalence of active HCV infection in Batkhela based on HCV RNA in their blood. Principle Conclusion: Overall prevalence was found 5.32%, contaminated reused syringes and blades at Barbour’s shop, blood transfusion, surgical operations and unhygienic food in stalls etc were found significant risk factors for acquiring HCV infection. Body weakness and pale yellow skin color was common symptom in HCV positive volunteers. Safe sexual activities, blood screening before donation and sterilizing surgical equipment’s can protect us from Hepatitis C Virus.

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