Faculty Opinions recommendation of Relationship between clinical signs and transmission of an infectious disease and the implications for control.

Author(s):  
Charles Auffray ◽  
Manlio Vinciguerra
Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Silvia De Feo ◽  
Viviana Frantellizzi ◽  
Giuseppe De Vincentis

Background: We present the case of a 55-year-old woman, admitted to the Infectious Disease Department of Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, in mid-March 2020, with suspicion of COVID-19 infection. Objective: The rRT-PCR was negative and the following CT scan, performed to exclude false-negative results and help diagnosis, was inconclusive. Methods: It was decided to submit the patient to 99mTc-HMPAO-labelled leukocyte scan. Results: This exam led to the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Conclusion: In the present pandemic scenario, 99mTc-HMPAO-labelled leukocyte scan represents a reliable imaging technique for differential diagnosis with COVID-19 in patients with confusing clinical signs, possible false-negative rRT-PCR results and inconclusive CT scan.


2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 887-888
Author(s):  
Jean-Loup Méreaux ◽  
Benjamin Hébant ◽  
Nicolas Magne ◽  
Gérald Quesney ◽  
Romain Lefaucheur

Abstract Lyme disease is an infectious disease caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes and other related species that are transmitted through an infected tick bite. We report the case of an older patient presenting with bilateral facial palsy due to Lyme disease. Multiple non-specific clinical signs preceded facial palsy with falls, fatigue and pain of both legs especially during the night. Our case illustrates the difficulty to diagnose this infectious disease, especially in older patients who have rare outdoor activities and a low risk of tick exposure.


2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Cristofaro

The elderly make more frequent use of general podiatric medical services than the younger population. It is therefore important for podiatric physicians to become familiar with the general principles of infectious disease as applied to an elderly population, which is susceptible to a wider spectrum of disease with more subtle and unusual clinical signs and symptoms. This article reviews the diagnosis and evaluation of suspected infection, appropriate laboratory testing, patterns of specific infectious disease syndromes, and antibiotic use in the elderly. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 94(2): 126-134, 2004)


2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-167
Author(s):  
Aniuta S. Sydorchuk ◽  
Nonna A. Bogachyk ◽  
Yadviha V. Venhlovska

Edwardsiellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease that caused by Edwardsiella tarda and characterized by gastroenteritis in humans. Contaminated water can also be a source of infection. Primary nutritional toxicity clinical signs may mask aquatic zoonosis caused by Edwardsiella tarda. Infectious border control should ensure that the import into Ukraine of such preservatives of food products, highly probably infected by this agent is not allowed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Souza Neil Magalhães ◽  
Leandro dos Santos Machado ◽  
Arthur de Almeida Figueira ◽  
Thomas Salles Dias ◽  
Thiago de Almeida Feijó ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: Although rare, mycoplasmas are included among the causes of respiratory diseases in reptiles and, in the order Squamata, three reports of these microorganisms causing diseases in pythons have already been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of Mycoplasma species in captive snakes. A total of 26 snakes of the families Pythonidae (13), Boidae (7), Viperidae (5) and Colubridae (1) from RioZoo, Brazil, were evaluated. Animals were examined to determine clinical signs consistent with any infectious disease. Tracheal swab samples from snakes were collected in Frey medium and analyzed for the presence of Mycoplasma spp.by isolation and a genus-specific PCR. DNA sequencing analyses of six positive samples by PCR were carried out to identify the species. Using isolation 19.23% (5/26) was positive, while 65.38% (17/26) of the animals were positive by PCR. Based on the analyses of the six sequences obtained, there was similarity with a Mycoplasma spp. previously described in a phyton and, M. agassizii and M. testudineum reported in chelonians. This is the first report of Mycoplasma spp. in animals of the families Boidae and Viperidae. Mycoplasma spp. were detected in snakes with and without clinical signs. The mycoplasmas reported resented identity (range, 95% to 100%) to others already described in reptiles. There was no relationship between the presence of Mycoplasma spp. and clinical signs.


Author(s):  
Sthefany Rosa Alfaia ◽  
Marcelo Cândido ◽  
Ricardo Luiz Moro de Sousa ◽  
Ricardo Harakava ◽  
Luara Lucena Cassiano ◽  
...  

An alarming number of global warnings concerning amphibian mortality outbreaks have been released in recent years. Emerging diseases stand out as the main potential causes. Ranavirus is a worldwide-spread highly infectious disease capable of affecting even other ectothermic animals such as fish and reptiles. One major issue regarding this pathology is the lack of clinical signs before it leads up to death. Aiming at having a better understanding of anurans susceptibility, this study analyzed bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) survival rate, when challenged with three doses of a Brazilian strain of Frog Virus 3 (FV3). The qPCR analysis indicated a low infectivity rate in these animals both as larvae and as adults. To elucidate the results, the following hypothesis was performed: 1) The amount of inoculum used on the frogs was insufficient to trigger an infection; 2) For the FV3 to produce clinical signs in this species, there is the need for a cofactor; 3) The animals did undergo FV3 infection but recovered in the course of the experiment, and 4) The inoculum utilized might have been low-virulence. Finally, the presence of actual clinical signs of ranavirus is discussed, with the more likely hypothesis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (5-esp.) ◽  
pp. 462-468
Author(s):  
Alieksandr Karnauchovas Franco ◽  
José Victor Pronievicz Barreto ◽  
Bruna Fonseca Matias ◽  
Daiane Andreola ◽  
Francisco Thiago Vieira Oliveira ◽  
...  

A leptospirose é uma zoonose causada por uma bactéria do gênero Leptospira. Trata-se de uma enfermidade infecciosa de distribuição mundial, de ocorrência maior em países de clima tropical e subtropical, principalmente, nos períodos mais chuvosos, quando existem condições ambientais, que aumentam a sobrevivência da bactéria no ambiente. Esta enfermidade acomete os seres humano e, praticamente, todos os animais domésticos e selvagens, que podem se tornar portadores e contribuírem para a disseminação do micro-organismo na natureza. Nos ovinos, a enfermidade pode provocar falhas reprodutivas e abortamentos, morte de cordeiros, inanição, infecção grave, febre e insuficiência hepática e/ou renal. Este trabalho teve como objetivo revisar importantes aspectos sobre a leptospirose em ovinos, abordando sobre o histórico, etiologia, epidemiologia, patogenia, sinais clínicos, diagnóstico, tratamento, controle e prevenção. Foram lidos 58 trabalhos publicados, a busca ocorreu através de portais indexadores e livros, que citam como descritores as palavras: lepstospiras em animais, Leptospiras em ovinos, sorovares de Leptospiras, leptospirose em ovinos. A compreensão de todos os fatores envolvidos na leptospirose em ovinos é uma condição fundamental para a adoção de medidas estratégicas médicas e epidemiológicas, que possibilitem o controle e a prevenção da doença nos rebanhos, evitando assim queda na produtividade e redução dos prejuízos econômicos.   Palavras-chave: Leptospira spp. MAT Zoonoses.   Abstract Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by a bacterium of the genus Leptospira. It is an infectious disease worldwidely distributed, occurring more frequently in countries with tropical and subtropical climates, especially in the rainiest periods, when there are environmental conditions that increase the bacteria survival in the environment. This disease affects humans and most of the domestic and wild animals, which can become carriers and contribute to the  microorganism spread in nature. In sheep, the disease can cause reproductive failures and miscarriages, lamb death, starvation, severe infection, fever and liver and / or kidney failure. This work aimed to review important aspects about leptospirosis in sheep, addressing the history, etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, control and prevention. 58 published works were read, the search was performed through indexing portals and books that mention the words as descriptors: leptospirae in animals, leptospirae in sheep, serovars of leptospirae, leptospirosis in sheep. Understanding all the factors involved in leptospirosis in sheep is a fundamental condition for the adoption of strategic medical and epidemiological measures that enable the disease control and prevention in herds, thus avoiding a fall in productivity and a reduction in economic losses.   Keywords: Leptospira spp. MAT. Zoonosis.  


2020 ◽  
pp. 66-68
Author(s):  
I.L. LEONTIEVA ◽  
◽  
L.B. LEONTIEV

The article is devoted to the diff erential diagnosis of bradsot from another infectious disease of sheep, which is similar in symptoms and pathoanatomical changes to this infection. Bradsot is very similar in clinical signs to anthrax, but some clinical signs and pathoanatomical changes still allow us to distinguish these diseases from each other


2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 778-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
SallyAnne L. Ness ◽  
Gereon Schares ◽  
Jeanine Peters-Kennedy ◽  
Linda D. Mittel ◽  
Jitender P. Dubey ◽  
...  

Besnoitiosis is an emerging infectious disease of donkeys ( Equus asinus) in the United States for which there are currently no serologic methods of diagnosis. A study was performed to evaluate physical examination findings and 3 serologic assays for the detection of Besnoitia bennetti infection in donkeys. A prospective study of 416 donkeys from 6 privately owned herds across 5 U.S. states (New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Oregon, and Washington) was performed. Donkeys were examined for clinical lesions suggestive of besnoitiosis and evaluated for antibodies against B. bennetti using a fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and 2 immunoblot assays specific for bradyzoite and tachyzoite antigens, respectively. Donkeys were confirmed to be infected with B. bennetti by histology (cases; n = 32) and were compared to those with no clinical signs of besnoitiosis (controls; n = 384). Identifying clinical lesions in 2 or more locations correctly identified infected donkeys 83% of the time. Donkeys with besnoitiosis had significantly higher FAT titers ( P < 0.001) and numbers of bradyzoite ( P < 0.001) and tachyzoite ( P < 0.001) immunoblot bands than control donkeys. The sensitivity and specificity of the serologic assays for detecting besnoitiosis was 88% and 96% for FAT, 81% and 91% for bradyzoite immunoblot, and 91% and 92% for tachyzoite immunoblot, respectively. Fluorescent antibody and immunoblot assays are effective at identifying donkeys with besnoitiosis and provide a more efficient and less invasive diagnostic alternative to histology.


Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 988
Author(s):  
Edita Jeklová ◽  
Lenka Levá ◽  
Vladimír Kummer ◽  
Vladimír Jekl ◽  
Martin Faldyna

Encephalitozoonosis is a common infectious disease widely spread among rabbits. Its causative agent, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, is considered as a zoonotic and emerging pathogen capable of infecting both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts, including humans. In rabbits, clinical signs include neurological, kidney and ocular disease. The aim of this study was to detect E. cuniculi in ocular structures in immunocompetent rabbits after experimental oral infection using immunohistochemistry. In infected animals, E. cuniculi spores were present in periocular connective tissue, sclera, cornea, choroidea, iris, retina and lens, as a round to ovoid organism reacting with a specific anti-E. cuniculi monoclonal antibody as early as 2 weeks after infection. There were no signs of inflammatory lesions in any of the ocular tissues examined at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after infection. In the present study, E. cuniculi was also detected in the lenses of adult rabbits, which indicates that ways of lens infection other than intrauterine and haematogenic are possible.


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