Faculty Opinions recommendation of The impact of membrane permeability and dialysate purity on cardiovascular outcomes.

IntroductionDiabetes mellitus is a growing public health epidemic in Asia. We examined the impact of type 2 diabetes, glycemic control and microvascular complications on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in a multiethnic population-based cohort of Asians without prior cardiovascular disease.Research design and methodsThis was a prospective population-based cohort study in Singapore comprising participants from the three major Asian ethnic groups: Chinese, Malays and Indians, with baseline examination in 2004–2011. Participants with type 1 diabetes and those with cardiovascular disease at baseline were excluded. Type 2 diabetes, Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and presence of microvascular complications (diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy) were defined at baseline. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), defined as a composite of cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke and revascularization, collected using a national registry.ResultsA total of 8541 subjects were included, of which 1890 had type 2 diabetes at baseline. Subjects were followed for a median of 6.4 (IQR 4.8–8.8) years. Diabetes was a significant predictor of mortality (adjusted HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.08, p<0.001) and MACE (adjusted HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.39 to 1.93, p<0.001). In those with diabetes, higher HbA1c levels were associated with increased MACE rates (adjusted HR (per 1% increase) 1.18, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.26, p<0.001) but not mortality (p=0.115). Subjects with two microvascular complications had significantly higher mortality and MACE compared with those with only either microvascular complication (adjusted p<0.05) and no microvascular complication (adjusted p<0.05).ConclusionDiabetes is a significant predictor of mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in Asian patients without prior cardiovascular disease. Among patients with type 2 diabetes, poorer glycemic control was associated with increased MACE but not mortality rates. Greater burden of microvascular complications identified a subset of patients with poorer outcomes.

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The underrepresentation of female participants in studies assessing the impact of high-dose exercise on cardiovascular outcomes: a scoping review

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1093/eurjpc/zwab061.367 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

S Pallikadavath ◽

R Patel ◽

CL Kemp ◽

M Hafejee ◽

N Peckham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

High Volume ◽

Cardiovascular Outcomes ◽

High Dose ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Review Protocol ◽

The Mean ◽

The Impact ◽

Over Time ◽

Funding Acknowledgements

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Cardiovascular adaptations as a result of exercise conducted at high-intensity and high-volume are often termed the ‘Athlete’s heart’. Studies have shown that these cardiovascular adaptations vary between sexes. It is important that both sexes are well represented in this literature. However, many studies assessing the impact of high-dose exercise on cardiovascular outcomes under-recruit female participants. Purpose This scoping review aimed to evaluate the representation of females in studies assessing the impact of high-dose exercise on cardiovascular outcomes and demonstrate how this has changed over time. Methods The scoping review protocol as outlined by Arksey and O’Malley was used. OVID and EMBASE databases were searched and studies independently reviewed by two reviewers. Studies must have investigated the effects of high-dose exercise on cardiovascular outcomes. To assess how the recruitment of females has changed over time, two methods were used. One, the median study date was used to categorise studies into two groups. Two, studies were divided into deciles to form ten equal groups over the study period. Mean percentage of female recruitment and percentage of studies that failed to include females were calculated. Results Overall, 250 studies were included. Over half the studies (50.8%, n = 127) did not include female participants. Only 3.2% (n = 8) did not include male participants. Overall, mean percentage recruitment was 18.2%. The mean percentage of recruitment was 14.5% before 2011 and 21.8% after 2011. The most recent decile of studies demonstrated the highest mean percentage of female recruitment (29.3%) and lowest number of studies that did not include female participants (26.9%). Conclusion Female participants are significantly underrepresented in studies assessing cardiovascular outcomes caused by high-dose exercise. The most recent studies show that female recruitment may be improving, however, this still falls significantly short for equal representation. Risk factors, progression and management of cardiovascular diseases vary between sexes, hence, translating findings from male dominated data is not appropriate. Future investigators should aim to establish barriers and strategies to optimise fair recruitment. Mean percentage females recruited per study (%) Percentage studies that do not include women (%) Overall (n = 250) 18.2 50.8 (n = 127) Studies before 2011 (n = 121) 14.5 59.5 (n = 72) Studies after 2011 (n = 129) 21.8 42.6 (n = 55) Table 1: Female recruitment characteristics. The year 2011 (median study year) was chosen as this divides all included studies into two equal groups.

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The impact of statin therapy on long-term cardiovascular outcomes in an outpatient cardiology practice

Archives of Medical Science ◽

10.5114/aoms.2012.27281 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 53-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hoang M. Lai ◽

Wilbert S. Aronow ◽

Anthony D. Mercando ◽

Phoenix Kalen ◽

Harit V. Desai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statin Therapy ◽

Cardiovascular Outcomes ◽

The Impact

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142Insulin resistance, left ventricular hypertrophy and the impact of metformin use on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with calcific aortic stenosis: a genetic and population cohort study

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehy564.142 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

I Mordi ◽

D Levin ◽

A Aracil ◽

M Mohan ◽

J Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽

Aortic Stenosis ◽

Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Cardiovascular Outcomes ◽

Calcific Aortic Stenosis ◽

Population Cohort ◽

Population Cohort Study ◽

The Impact

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The impact of serum uric acid on cardiovascular outcomes in the LIFE study

Kidney International ◽

10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.938_8.x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 1714-1715 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Stella S. Daskalopoulou ◽

Vasilios G. Athyros ◽

Moses Elisaf ◽

Dimitri Mikhailidis

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Cardiovascular Outcomes ◽

Life Study ◽

The Impact

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IV. Influence of Vestibular Stimulation

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/00034894800896s305 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 89 (6_suppl3) ◽

pp. 25-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pamela S. Huber ◽

Irwin A. Ginsberg ◽

Michael D. Rudnick

Keyword(s):

Cell Membrane ◽

Hair Cell ◽

Inner Ear ◽

Membrane Permeability ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Dosage Level ◽

Vestibular Stimulation ◽

Cell Membrane Permeability ◽

The Impact ◽

Inner Ear Fluids

Guinea pigs were given transtympanic dosages of neomycin followed by three hours of either vestibular stimulation or immobilization to test the hypothesis that inner ear hair cell membrane permeability is increased for drugs as a consequence of the transduction process. It was found, however, that neither the topographic pattern nor the degree of hair cell damage differed between the two groups. It is concluded that if the transduction process is accompanied by cell membrane permeability changes, the effect is not an increased susceptibility to neomycin toxicity. A measurable effect of stimulation was the significant decrease in the standard deviation of the mean dosage-damage response at each dosage level. This increase in reliability probably resulted from mixing of the inner ear fluids (especially in the vestibular compartment) which encouraged consistent dosages to the hair cells with each repeated trial. Finally, the impact of these findings on hypotheses related to the mechanism of selective ototoxicity is discussed briefly.

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ε-Polylysine Inhibits Shewanella putrefaciens with Membrane Disruption and Cell Damage

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24203727 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (20) ◽

pp. 3727 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Weiqing LAN ◽

Nannan ZHANG ◽

Shucheng LIU ◽

Mengling CHEN ◽

Jing XIE

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Enzyme Activity ◽

Membrane Permeability ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Cell Metabolism ◽

Cell Structure ◽

Shewanella Putrefaciens ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Uv Absorbance ◽

The Impact

ε-Polylysine (ε-PL) was studied for the growth inhibition of Shewanella putrefaciens (S. putrefaciens). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ε-PL against S. putrefaciens was measured by the broth dilution method, while the membrane permeability and metabolism of S. putrefaciens were assessed after ε-PL treatment. Additionally, growth curves, the content of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), the electrical conductivity (EC), the UV absorbance and scanning electron microscope (SEM) data were used to study cellular morphology. The impact of ε-PL on cell metabolism was also investigated by different methods, such as enzyme activity (peroxidase [POD], catalase [CAT], succinodehydrogenase [SDH] and malic dehydrogenase [MDH]) and cell metabolic activity. The results showed that the MIC of ε-PL against S. putrefaciens was 1.0 mg/mL. When S. putrefaciens was treated with ε-PL, the growth of the bacteria was inhibited and the AKP content, electrical conductivity and UV absorbance were increased, which demonstrated that ε-PL could damage the cell structure. The enzyme activities of POD, CAT, SDH, and MDH in the bacterial solution with ε-PL were decreased compared to those in the ordinary bacterial solution. As the concentration of ε-PL was increased, the enzyme activity decreased further. The respiratory activity of S. putrefaciens was also inhibited by ε-PL. The results suggest that ε-PL acts on the cell membrane of S. putrefaciens, thereby increasing membrane permeability and inhibiting enzyme activity in relation to respiratory metabolism and cell metabolism. This leads to inhibition of cell growth, and eventually cell death.

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