scholarly journals Characterization of M. laxa and M. fructigena isolates from Hungary with MP-PCR

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sz. Sződi ◽  
H. Komjáti ◽  
Gy. Turóczi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Monilinia Laxa ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Monilinia Fructigena ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
Biological Methods

Monilinia laxa (Monilia laxa), Monilinia fructicola (Monilia fructicola) and Monilinia fructigena (Monilia fructigena) are the causal agents of brown rot on pome and stone fruits in Hungary. Forty-five isolates collected from different hosts, different years in several orchards were used for characterization of the M. laxa and M. fructigena population in Hungary. The isolates were identified on species level based on morphological and molecular biological methods; out of these 24 were M. laxa, 20 were M. fructigena and 1 was M. fructicola. Populations of the three Monilinia species were studied with microsatellite primers and the degree of genetic diversity within the species was measured. The population structure analysis revealed that genetic diversity within M. laxa subpopulations was H<sub>S</sub>= 0.1599, while within M. fructigena subpopulations was H<sub>S</sub>= 0.2551. The total genetic diversity was H<sub>T</sub>= 0.3846, while genetic diversity between M. laxa and M. fructigena subpopulations was D<sub>ST</sub>= 0.1771. No clustering relationship was observed among isolates by the different years or hosts.

scholarly journals Brown rot blossom blight of pome and stone fruits: symptom, disease cycle, host resistance, and biological control

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Holb
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Monilinia Laxa ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Fruit Species

In this paper, important features of symptoms, biology and biological disease management are summarised for brown rot blossom blight fungi of pome and stone fruit crops (Monilinia laxa, Monilinia fructicola and Monilinia mali). Firstly, European brown rot caused by Monilinia laxa is discussed highlighting the blossom epidemiology features, then host susceptibility of the most important stone fruit species including several Hungarian and international cultivars. At the end of this chapter, recent biological control possibilities against Monilinia laxa are also included. Secondly, American brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola is discussed. Symptoms, biological features of blossom blight and host susceptibility of flowers to Monilinia fructicola are demonstrated. Finally, the symptoms and the biology of the least frequent species, Monilinia mali are shown.

scholarly journals First Report of Brown Rot Caused by Monilinia fructicola Affecting Peach Orchards in Slovenia

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 1166-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Munda ◽  
M. Viršček Marn
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
The European Union ◽  
First Report ◽  
Representative Isolate

Monilinia fructicola, the causal agent of brown rot, is a destructive fungal pathogen that affects mainly stone fruits (Prunoideae). It causes fruit rot, blossom wilt, twig blight, and canker formation and is common in North and South America, Australia, and New Zealand. M. fructicola is listed as a quarantine pathogen in the European Union and was absent from this region until 2001 when it was detected in France. In August 2009, mature peaches (Prunus persica cv. Royal Glory) with brown rot were found in a 5-year-old orchard in Goriška, western Slovenia. Symptoms included fruit lesions and mummified fruits. Lesions were brown, round, rapidly extending, and covered with abundant gray-to-buff conidial tufts. The pathogen was isolated in pure culture and identified based on morphological and molecular characters. Colonies on potato dextrose agar (PDA) incubated at 25°C in darkness had an average daily growth rate of 7.7 mm. They were initially colorless and later they were light gray with black stromatal plates and dense, hazel sporogenous mycelium. Colony margins were even. Sporulation was abundant and usually developed in distinct concentric zones. Limoniform conidia, produced in branched chains, measured 10.1 to 17.7 μm (mean = 12.1 μm) × 6.2 to 8.6 μm (mean = 7.3 μm) on PDA. Germinating conidia produced single germ tubes whose mean length ranged from 251 to 415 μm. Microconidia were abundant, globose, and 3 μm in diameter. Morphological characters resembled those described for M. fructicola (1). Morphological identification was confirmed by amplifying genomic DNA of isolates with M. fructicola species-specific primers (2–4). Sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (spanning ITS1 and ITS 2 plus 5.8 rDNA) of a representative isolate was generated using primers ITS1 and ITS4 and deposited in GenBank (Accession No. GU967379). BLAST analysis of the 516-bp PCR product revealed 100% identity with several sequences deposited for M. fructicola in NCBI GenBank. Pathogenicity was tested by inoculating five mature surface-sterilized peaches with 10 μl of a conidial suspension (104 conidia ml–1) obtained from one representative isolate. Sterile distilled water was used as a control. Peaches were wounded prior to inoculation. After 5 days of incubation at room temperature and 100% relative humidity, typical brown rot symptoms developed around the inoculation point, while controls showed no symptoms. M. fructicola was reisolated from lesion margins. Peach and nectarine orchards in a 5-km radius from the outbreak site were surveyed in September 2009 and M. fructicola was confirmed on mummified fruits from seven orchards. The pathogen was not detected in orchards from other regions of the country, where only the two endemic species M. laxa and M. fructigena were present. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. fructicola associated with brown rot of stone fruits in Slovenia. References: (1) L. R. Batra. Page 106 in: World Species of Monilinia (Fungi): Their Ecology, Biosystematics and Control. J. Cramer, Berlin, 1991. (2) M.-J. Côté et al. Plant Dis. 88:1219, 2004. (3) K. J. D. Hughes et al. EPPO Bull. 30:507, 2000. (4) R. Ioos and P. Frey. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 106:373, 2000.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on the Discharge and Germination of Ascospores by Apothecia of Monilinia fructicola

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanxue Hong ◽  
Themis J. Michailides
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Fresno County ◽  
Ascospore Germination ◽  
Daily Discharge ◽  
Germ Tubes

Naturally growing apothecia of Monilinia fructicola were collected from two commercial plum orchards near Reedley and Sanger, both in Fresno County, California. Ascospore discharges from 90 (1996) and 86 (1997) apothecia were monitored individually using spore traps at four constant temperatures. The period of discharge decreased as temperature increased from 10 to 25°C. However, daily discharge increased as temperature increased from 10 to 15°C and remained high at 20 and 25°C. The greatest discharge occurred with apothecia at 15°C, followed by those incubated at 20, 10, and 25°C. The germination of ascospores of M. fructicola and the length of germ tubes increased as temperature increased from 7 to 15°C; however, increasing temperatures above 15°C did not increase either ascospore germination or length of germ tubes. This information may help in the development of warning systems and management strategies for brown rot blossom blight of stone fruits.

Brown rot of stone fruits on the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Areas. II. Aetiology of the disease in Trevatt apricot trees

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
PF Kable
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Stone Fruits

Blossom blight is of economic importance in apricots on the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Areas (MIA), but fruit rot is not. Monilinia fructicola generally does not overwinter effectively in apricot trees in the MIA, the inocula for primary infections coming from nearby peach plantations. Blighted blossoms in apricot trees, which flower a week before peaches, may provide inoculum for blighting of flowers in the latter crop. In apricot trees, unlike peach, there is a continuous infection chain from flowering till harvest. Inoculum may pass from apricot to peach in December and January, thus bridging a gap in the infection chain in peach. The infection chain in apricot is described. Latent and quiescent infections were observed. The implications of the exchange of inoculum between peach and apricot are discussed.

Genotyping of Vitis vinifera L. within the Slovak national collection of genetic resources

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 761-767
Author(s):  
Ivana Dokupilová ◽  
Daniele Migliaro ◽  
Daniel Mihálik ◽  
Manna Crespan ◽  
Ján Kraic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
Unusual Phenomenon ◽  
Resource Collection

AbstractMicrosatellites were used as a very effective tool for genetic diversity analysis and characterization of 51 grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) accessions from the national collection of genetic resources. Genetic diversity was relatively high, 8.91 alleles were detected per analysed microsatellite locus in average, and fifty-one accessions were distinguished into 45 groups. Distribution of recent Slovak cultivars across the dendrogram accented both their genetic diversity and the effectiveness of the national breeding program in maintaining genetic diversity and generating new genetic variants. Each cultivar was different from the others and twelve of them contained 77.6% of the total genetic diversity of the whole analysed set. Microsatellite patterns were also able to confirm parentage in selected Slovak cultivars. An unusual phenomenon of triallelism was also detected in one of the analysed accessions. The present study has initiated molecular characterization within the national grapevine genetic resource collection and their comparison with well-established international cultivars.

scholarly journals Genotypic differentiation of Monilinia spp. populations in Serbia using a high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Antonios Zambounis ◽  
Eleni Stefanidou ◽  
Panagiotis Madesis ◽  
Jovana Hrustić ◽  
Milica Mihajlović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
High Resolution Melting ◽  
Melting Curve ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Monilinia Fructigena ◽  
Hrm Analysis ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Pathogen Populations

Monilinia laxa, Monilinia fructicola and Monilinia fructigena are the three main causal agents of brown rot, which is one of the most important diseases of stone fruits in pre- and postharvest conditions. Nowadays, the need for the precise genotyping of these Monilinia species in terms of the genetic diversity of their populations or differences in their pathogenicity and host range is a prerequisite for any efficient disease management. In our study, the genetic structure of Monilinia populations in Serbia from three geographically distinct regions was investigated employing <br /> a high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis which is a sensitive and rapid molecular approach in fungal ge­notyping and diagnostics. Using species-specific primer pairs genotype-specific HRM melting curve profiles were generated allowing to efficiently decipher the genetic diversity of the Monilinia populations. The Monilinia genotypes could be easily distinguished according to their melting curves. The isolates from the northern region were assigned to distinct genotypes and grouped rather independently compared to the isolates of the other two regions among all three tested Monilinia spp. M. fructicola and M. fructigena showed a higher genetic diversity among their populations (44%) compared with the genetic diversity among the M. laxa populations (7%). In contrast, the genetic variance within the pathogen populations was higher in the case of M. laxa (93%). Our data revealed an absence of host specificity in the Monilinia spp. populations.

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers, Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis in Sapota (Manilkara Zapota (L.) P. Royen)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kundapura Venkataramana Ravishankar ◽  
Pavithra Sathanandam ◽  
Prakash Patil ◽  
Ajitha Rekha ◽  
Iyyamperumal Muthuvel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Technology ◽  
Manilkara Zapota ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Genomic Markers ◽  
Structure Assignment

Abstract Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen, a widely adaptable and popular tree meant for its appetizing fruits in tropics with no genomic resources like microsatellite markers. In order to develop genomic markers primarily for sapota, we sequenced partial genomic DNA using next generation sequencing technology on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. We analyzed a total of 3.3 Gb data that were assembled into 6396224 contigs. From these contigs, 3591 simple sequence repeats were identified. Among the different type of repeats mononucleotide repeats (59.1%) were predominant followed by dinucleotide (28.6%) and trinucleotide repeats (8.2%). Primers were designed for 1285 microsatellite regions from which 30 randomly selected primers were standardized and employed for amplification in 53 genotypes of sapota. We observed 692 alleles from 30 loci with a polymorphic information content ranged from 0.85 to 0.96 with a mean of 0.9118. The probability of identity ranged from 0.002 to 0.043 with a mean of 0.012. Genetic diversity assessed by neighbour-joining and STRUCTURE assignment tests showed admixed population with 3 groups. Analysis of molecular variance revealed a significant F st value of 0.69659 indicating high genetic differentiation among the 53 genotypes. The developed microsatellites will be advantageous in assessing genetic diversity, developing linkage map and also molecular characterization of genotypes

scholarly journals Environmentally-benign plant protection possibilities against domestic Monilinia spp. in organic apple and stone fruit orchards

2005 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Imre Holb ◽  
Zoltán Szabó ◽  
Gábor Drén ◽  
Sándor Thurzó ◽  
József Racskó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Monilinia Laxa ◽  
Monilinia Fructigena ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Chemical Materials

In this study, possibilities of environmental-friendly plant protection against domestical brwon rot species were summarized for oecological pome and stone fruit orchards. Symtomps of the two most important brown rot species (Monilinia fructigena (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey and Monilinia laxa (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey) were described and then cultivar susceptibility to brown rot was discussed. Furthermore, mechanical, agrotecnical, biological, and other control possibilities (stone powders, plant extracts and restricted chemical materials) were shown.

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