scholarly journals Study of the biodegradation of slaughterhause feather waste by Bradford method

2014 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Lili Mézes ◽  
Szabolcs Molnár
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Feather Waste ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Poultry Feather ◽  
By Products

The 15–20% of the by-products of meat- and poultry industry – that unsuitable for human consumption – contains keratin. The slaughter technology of poultry produces large amount of poultry feather with 50–70% moisture content. This means more million tons annually worldwide (Williams et al., 1991; Hegedűs et al., 1998). The keratin content of feather can be difficulty digested, so physical, chemical and/or biological pre-treatment is needed in practice, which has to be set according to the utilization method. The microbiological and enzymatic degradation of feather to soluble protein and amino acids is a very favourable and relatively cheap opportunity to produce valuable products of the resulting feather. Our applied treatments were based on the determination of the most effective method, which is able to follow the biodegradation of waste poultry feather.

scholarly journals Influence of Initial Alkalinity of Lignocellulosic Waste on Their Enzymatic Degradation

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Marcin Wołczyński ◽  
Marta Janosz-Rajczyk
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Lignocellulosic Waste ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
By Products

Abstract The presented results of research on the effectiveness of enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic waste, depending on their initial depolymerisation in alkaline medium were considered in the context of the possibility of their further use in the fermentation media focused on the recovery of energy in the form of molecular hydrogen. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate dose and concentration of a chemical reagent, whose efficiency would be high enough to cause decomposition of the complex, but without an excessive production of by-products which could adversely affect the progress and effectiveness of the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. The effect of treatment on physical-chemical changes of homogenates’ properties such as pH, COD, the concentration of monosaccharide and total sugars and the concentration of total suspended solids and volatile suspended solids was determined. The enzymatic decomposition of lignocellulosic complex was repeatedly more efficient if the sample homogenates were subjected to an initial exposure to NaOH. The degree of conversion of complex sugars into simple sugars during enzymatic hydrolysis of homogenates pre-alkalized to pH 11.5 and 12.0 was 83.3 and 84.2% respectively, which should be sufficient for efficient hydrogen fermentation process.

scholarly journals PSVII-21 Determination of apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in various hatchery by-products for broiler chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 354-354
Author(s):  
Geun Hyeon Park ◽  
Hyeon Seok Choi ◽  
Jong Hyuk Kim ◽  
Gi Ppeum Han ◽  
Sang Yun Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
By Products

Abstract The Korean poultry industry produces more than 4,000 tons of hatchery by-products (HBPs) every year. There is an increasing interest in the use of HBPs as a feed ingredient in The Korean feed industry. However, limited information regarding nutritional values for HBPs has been available. Thus, we conducted an experiment to measure apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AAs) in 4 different HBPs for broiler chickens. Four HBPs included infertile eggs (IFE), unhatched eggs (UHE), low grade and dead chicks (LDC), and mixture (MIX) containing 55% IFE, 10% UHE, 10% LDC, and 25% hatched eggshells. A total of three-hundred-thirty-six 21-d-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 7 replicates per treatment. Each diet contained individual HBP as a sole source of AAs. Additional 125 birds were used to estimate ileal endogenous losses of AAs. Results indicated that the AID and SID of 5 essential AAs (Arg, Met, Trp, His, and Val) for LDC were greatest (P < 0.05), but those (Arg, Met, and Trp) for MIX were the least (P < 0.05) among 4 HBPs. The AID and SID of most AAs in IFE were comparable to those in UHE. However, the AID and SID of 3 essential AAs (Lys, Leu, and Phe) were not different among 4 HBPs. The average AID and SID of both essential and nonessential AAs (18 AAs) for LDC were greatest (P < 0.05), but those for MIX were the least (P < 0.05) among 4 HBPs. In conclusion, HBPs used in this experiment contain high amounts of digestible AAs, which are comparable to other animal by-products. Generally, AAs in LDC are more digestible than AAs in other 3 HBPs (UHE, IFE, and MIX).

scholarly journals Evaluation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) Concentration and Physicochemical Properties in Fresh and Aged Tualang Honey

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Siti Nurfarhana Sabireen ◽  
Siti Amrah Sulaiman ◽  
Rabeta Mohd Salleh ◽  
Wan Ezumi Mohd Fuad
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Tualang Honey

The quality and purity of honey are generally indicated by the physicochemical properties including 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) level, a neo-formed contaminant with genotoxic potential. The concentration of HMF in honey usually increases as storage duration prolonged. This study investigated the differences in the physicochemical properties and the HMF concentration of fresh (stored within six months) and aged (stored for four years) tualang honey (TH), as well as the correlation between these two main parameters. Each of the physicochemical properties of TH was evaluated using standard established protocols. Meanwhile, the determination of HMF concentrations was conducted using High Performance Lipid Chromatography (HPLC) method. Results obtained indicated that the HMF contents in fresh TH (27 mg/kg) was found to be lower whereas aged TH sample contained greatly higher concentration (1426 mg/kg) when compared to the international recommended value of HMF for tropical honeys (< 80 mg/kg). The physicochemical properties (pH, free acids, lactones, total acidity and moisture content) of TH showed significant correlation with HMF concentration. These parameters could be used as rapid assessments for TH quality from different storage periods. The current findings suggest that there were significant modifications in the chemical reactions between TH of different storage durations. TH stored for four years might be not suitable and safe for human consumption. Keywords: physicochemical properties, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, aged honey, storage duration

Determination of the Bond Strength of Wood Veneer and Geopolymer Matrix by Means of a Pull-Out Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 981 ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Siti Noorbaini Sarmin ◽  
Wan Mohd Nazri Wan Abdul Rahman ◽  
Nor Yuziah Mohd Yunus ◽  
Nurrohana Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Uv Absorbance ◽  
Wood Veneer ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Geopolymer Matrix ◽  
Pre Treatment

The bonding strength of wood veneer (Picea abies) attached between a geopolymer matrixes were investigated by means of a pull-out test. Effects of pre-treatment of wood on the bonding strength were applied whereas a strong influence of pre-treatment on bonding strength could be observed. The treatment of wood veneer showed that using wet veneer (~90% moisture content) leads to the best results compared to untreated dry (~12% moisture content) veneer. Furthermore, the effects of sodium hydroxide extraction and sodium silicate treatment were examined. The lignin UV absorbance values in treated wood, obtained by scanning ultraviolet microspectrophotometry (UMSP), do not show any significant changes in absorbance which mean that there were no complex changes in phenolic wood components, including modification of the lignin side chains. It can be said that the alkaline environment needed for geopolymer was not the main problem that limits wood (Picea abies)-geopolymer compatibility.

scholarly journals Drying of residual tilapia skin from filleting using a thermophotovoltaic solar dehydrator

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Karina dos Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Eveny Silva de Melo ◽  
Isabel Cristina da Paz Lima ◽  
Rafael Gomes Abreu Bacelar ◽  
Alexandre Miranda Pires dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
By Products ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

Tilapia comprises one of the most cultivated fish species worldwide, mainly commercialized in the form of fillets. As a result, the amount of waste generated by processing is high, with tilapia skin being commonly discarded and not used as food for human consumption. In this context, the aim of this study was to dry residual filleted tilapia skins in a solar dehydrator and perform physical-chemical analyses after drying in order to evaluate the potential for the development of byproducts. The skins were collected at a fish market on Mercado do Peixe in Teresina - PI. Treatments consisted of four sodium chloride concentrations (0.0%; 25.0%; 50.0% and 100.0%), with five replications, totaling 25 samples. The skins were dried in the solar dehydrator for 24 hours, followed by moisture, ash, protein, lipids, pH and water activity analyses. Moisture in the in naturaskins was 57.7%, differing significantly from the dehydrated tilapia skins, which ranged from 9.4% to 10.6%. The ash in the in natura skins was 0.17%, while dehydrated tilapia skins displayed variations from 1.19% to 4.17%. The crude protein found of the in natura skins was 41.4%, significantly different (P <0.05) from the skins submitted to the solar dehydration method. Based on these findings, the use of solar dehydrator for short periods is confirmed to favor the uniform dehydration of residual tilapia skin from filleting, generating a product with satisfactory bromatological patterns for the development of fish-based by-products.

scholarly journals Determination of Aflatoxins in Wheat and Wheat by-products Intended for Human Consumption, Marketed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 671-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Machado Trombete ◽  
Douglas de Ávila Moraes ◽  
Yuri Duarte Porto ◽  
Thaís Barbosa Santos ◽  
Glória Maria Direito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Chlorine dioxine DBPs (disinfection by-products) in drinking water

2013 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lasagna ◽  
E. Raffo ◽  
M. Bianchi ◽  
L. Pocaterra
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ion Chromatography ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
By Products ◽  
Different Origin

Since the 1970s it has been well known that, though water for human consumption is generally disinfected before being distributed along the network, the use of chemicals results in the formation of many different Disinfection By-Products (DBPs). In the case of chlorine dioxide, the most important and represented DBPs are chlorite and chlorate: after an introduction concerning the current Italian regulation on this subject, in the experimental part the results of a 7-year minitoring campaign, concerning water of different origin collected from taps in various Italian regions, are shown. The analytical technique used for the determination of chlorite and chlorate was Ion Chromatography. The result obtained are finally discussed.

scholarly journals HPCL determination of histamine, tyramine and amino acids in shrimp by-products

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 096-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Bueno-Solano ◽  
Jaime López-Cervantes ◽  
Dalia I. Sánchez-Machado ◽  
Olga N. Campas-Baypoli
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
By Products

Amino Acids from Poultry Feather Waste

1983 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-150
Author(s):  
Thiam Chye Tan ◽  
Mee Yin Tai
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Feather Waste ◽  
Poultry Feather

scholarly journals Categorization of animal by-products and labelling of derived products with of glycerol triheptanoate (GTH)

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 6250-2019
Author(s):  
ALEKSANDRA GRELIK ◽  
EWELINA KOWALCZYK ◽  
KRZYSZTOF KWIATEK
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Detection ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Commission Regulation ◽  
Rendered Fat ◽  
By Products

Animal by-products result mainly from the slaughter of animals for human consumption, the production of products of animal origin (such as dairy products), the disposal of dead animals, and disease-control measures. Regardless of their source, they pose a potential risk to public and animal health and the environment. This risk needs to be adequately controlled, either by safe disposal of such products, or by their utilization, provided that strict conditions are maintained to minimize the health risks involved. Animal by-products are classified into categories that reflect the level of risk to public and animal health arising from those by-products (Cat. 1, 2 and 3). According to Commission Regulation (EU) No 142/2011, in processing plants for the processing of Category 1 or 2 material, derived products shall be permanently marked with glycerol triheptanoate (GTH). The minimum content of marker in target materials is 250 mg/kg of fat. For the determination of glycerol triheptanoate in dry meat, bone meals, rendered fat and soil adjuvants, gas chromatography technique and mass spectrometry detection are used

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