scholarly journals In-Vitro Antifungal Activity of Azadirachta indica, Ocimum tenuiflorum & Murraya paniculata Leaf Extract against Three Phytopathogenic Fungi

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pichia Kudriavzevii ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Murraya Paniculata ◽  
Antifungal Effects ◽  
Antifungal Efficiency ◽  
Ocimum Tenuiflorum

Fungal disease is one of the major problems in agriculture. Fungal pathogens are accountable for approximately 85% of plant diseases. Apart from these, public health conditions are also influenced by consequential fungal infection as well as approximately 1.5 million killed and more than a billion people were affected by fungal disease. Our present exploration has been conducted to assess the antifungal efficiency of Azadirachta indica, Ocimum tenuiflorum, and Murraya paniculata leaf extract against three phytopathogenic fungi viz. Pichia kudriavzevii, Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Fusarium oxysporum, at the concentration of 300 µg/disc by food poisoned technique. The result showed that all of these three extracts have significant antifungal efficiency against all of the tested fungus. Maximum antifungal activity was recorded in Murraya paniculata with an inhibition percentage of 100% (0.00±0.000 mm) against three fungi. In addition, Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Fusarium oxysporum, growth was totally suppressed in terms of Ocimum tenuiflorum and Murraya paniculata extract. The lowest antifungal effect was 47.18% (34.33±0.272 mm) revealed in Azadirachta indica extract against Pichia kudriavzevii. Among these three extracts, the order of antifungal effect was Murraya paniculata˃Ocimum tenuiflorum˃Azadirachta indica. Amis of this screening to focus antifungal effects of three experimental medicinal plants. These findings indicate leaf of these three plants may be useful for the treatment of various diseases associated with these fungi and could be useful to develop novel, secure and fecund bio-fertilizer for pest control. Further phytochemicals analysis is required to evaluate the compounds responsible for their antifungal effects.

ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF LEAF EXTRACT OF Cannabis sativa AGAINST Aspergillus flavipes

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-453
Author(s):  
Iqra Haider Khan ◽  
Arshad Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Butanol Fraction ◽  
Aspergillus Flavipes ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Cannabis sativa L. is a medicinally important weed of family Cannabaceae generally grows along road-sides and waste-lends in Punjab, Pakistan. In the present study, antifungal effect of leaf extract of this weed was assessed against Aspergillus flavipes. Methanolic leaf extract of the weed was partitioned into five fractions using organic solvents of variable polarities. A range of concentrations (1.562 to 200 mg mL-1) of each fraction was used in laboratory bioassays. n-Butanol fraction showed the highest antifungal activity followed by chloroform and n-hexane fractions causing 68–82%, 52–82% and 42–82% decrease in biomass of A. flavipes. Ethyl acetate showed a moderate antifungal potential while aqueous fraction showed the least antifungal activity causing 47–76% and 38–73% reduction in fungal biomass, respectively. This study concludes that n-butanol fraction of leaf extract of C. sativa is highly effective in controlling growth of A. flavipes.

Synthesis and antifungal activities of novel polyheterocyclic spirooxindole derivatives

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4967-4975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Shou Wu ◽  
Xue Zhang ◽  
Ying-Lao Zhang ◽  
Jian-Wu Xie
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Michael Reactions ◽  
Antifungal Effects

A series of spirooxindole tetrahydrofuran derivatives were obtained in moderate to good yields via base-mediated cascade [3+2] double Michael reactions under mild conditions. Their antifungal effects on selected five target phytopathogenic fungi were investigated, and their structure antifungal activity relationships were also discussed.

scholarly journals Síntesis de nanopartículas de cobre para el control de hongos fitopatógenos

2018 ◽  
pp. 109-116
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
X Ray

Síntesis de nanopartículas de cobre para el control de hongos fitopatógenos Nicolaza Pariona1, L. A. Hermida-Montero1, Arturo I. Mtz-Enriquez2, D. Sánchez-Rangel1,3, Gloria Carrión1, Daniel Lopez-Lima1, Greta Rosas-Saito1, Benjamin Rodriguez-Hass1 y Zelene Duran-Barradas1. 1 Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, México. 2 Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Unidad Saltillo, Av. Industria Metalúrgica 1062, Parque Industrial Ramos Arizpe, 25900 Coahuila, México 3 Cátedra CONACYT en el Instituto de Ecología A.C., 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, México. Recibido 11 de noviembre del 2018, Revisado el 12 de diciembre de 2018. Aceptado el 14 de diciembre de 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2018.0017/ Resumen Los hongos fitopatógenos son uno de los mayores problemas que afecta al sector agrícola, causando pérdidas que sobrepasan miles de millones de dólares al año. Aunado a esto, la resistencia antifúngica dificulta el control de los hongos fitopatógenos y es necesario encontrar alternativas de control de bajo costo y no contaminen el ambiente. Por lo anterior, el objetivo principal de este proyecto fue sintetizar nanopartículas de cobre (NPs-Cu) y evaluar su actividad antifúngica contra diferentes hongos fitopatógenos. Las NPs-Cu se sintetizaron por el método de reducción y se caracterizaron mediante la técnica de Difracción de Rayos X (DRX) y Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (MEB). La evaluación de actividad antifúngica de las NPs-Cu se realizaron contra cinco especies de hongos fitopatógenos (Fusarium solani, Fusarium verticillioides, Verticillium dahlie, Neofusicoccum sp. y Fusarium oxysporum). Los resultados demostraron que el efecto antifúngico de las NPs-Cu depende de la concentración utilizada y especie de hongo. Por lo tanto, las NPs-Cu obtenidas tienen potencial aplicación el control de agentes fitopatógenos. Descriptores: Nanopartículas, antifúngicos, Fusarium Abstract Phytopathogenic fungi are one of the biggest problems affecting the agricultural sector, causing losses that exceed billions of dollars per year. In addition to this, antifungal resistance hinders the control of phytopathogenic fungi and it is necessary to find control alternatives of low cost that do not contaminate the environment. Therefore, the main objective of this project was to synthesize copper nanoparticles (NPs-Cu) and evaluate their antifungal activity against different phytopathogenic fungi. NPs-Cu were synthesized by the reduction method and characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The antifungal activity evaluation of the NPs-Cu was carried out against five species of phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium solani, Fusarium verticillioides, Verticillium dahlie, Neofusicoccum sp, and Fusarium oxysporum). The results showed that the antifungal effect of NPs-Cu depends on the concentration used and species of fungus. Therefore, the NPs-Cu obtained have potential application to control phytopathogenic agents. Keywords: Nanoparticles, antifungal, Fusarium.

scholarly journals Deletion of the Golgi Ca2+-ATPase PMR1 gene potentiates antifungal effects of dodecanol that depend on intracellular Ca2+ accumulation in budding yeast

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Oyama ◽  
Hiroyuki Tamaki ◽  
Yoshihiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Akira Ogita ◽  
Toshio Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Parental Strain ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Multidrug Efflux ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Multidrug Efflux Pumps ◽  
Antifungal Effects ◽  
Specific Localization ◽  
Antifungal Action

ABSTRACT One strategy for overcoming infectious diseases caused by drug-resistant fungi involves combining drugs rendered inactive by resistance with agents targeting the drug resistance mechanism. The antifungal activity of n-dodecanol disappears as incubation time passes. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, anethole, a principal component of anise oil, prolongs the transient antifungal effect of dodecanol by downregulating genes of multidrug efflux pumps, mainly PDR5. However, the detailed mechanisms of dodecanol's antifungal action and the anethole-induced prolonged antifungal action of dodecanol are unknown. Screening of S. cerevisiae strains lacking genes related to Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling identified a pmr1Δ strain lacking Golgi Ca2+-ATPase as more sensitive to dodecanol than the parental strain. Dodecanol and the dodecanol + anethole combination significantly increased intracellular Ca2+ levels in both strains, but the mutant failed to clear intracellular Ca2+ accumulation. Further, dodecanol and the drug combination reduced PMR1 expression and did not lead to specific localization of Pmr1p in the parental strain after 4-h treatment. By contrast with the parental strain, dodecanol did not stimulate PDR5 expression in pmr1Δ. Based on these observations, we propose that the antifungal activity of dodecanol is related to intracellular Ca2+ accumulation, possibly dependent on PMR1 function, with anethole enabling Ca2+ accumulation by restricting dodecanol efflux.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of leaf extract against mycotoxin producing fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 2650-2656
Author(s):  
Varsha A Bhalerao ◽  
Ashok M Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Datura Metel

About 90% of the world food crops are being produced by using seeds. Healthy seeds are important for production of healthy crop and these seeds are also responsible for disease transmission. It happens either in field or in post-harvest storage condition. Due to these seed borne fungi, seed get deteriorated which may cause a great economic loss as well as several types of abnormalities occur in seeds. Major storage grain fungi contaminated with mycotoxin, mycotoxins contaminants of fungal origin occurring worldwide and characterized by its acute and chronic toxic effects on human health. In the present attempt were made to study the antifungal activity of leaf extract against mycotoxin producing fungi. Fungi isolated from stored seed grains like  cereals, pulses, infected oil seeds were collected from from Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. Antifungal activity of leaf extract of Calotropis procera, Azadirachta indica, Ocimum sanctum, Withania somnifera and Datura metel were tested against Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Fusarium gramineorum and Penicillium citrinum by using 96-well plate method. Leaf extract showed remarkable activity against tested fungi at different concentrations as Minimum Inhibitory Concentration. The leaf extract of Calotropis procera and Azadirachta indica, have good potential antifungal properties against different mycotoxin producing fungi.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of essential oils on mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum and Bortytis cinerea

2019 ◽  
pp. 544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Palfi ◽  
Paško Konjevoda ◽  
Karolina Vrandečić
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Antifungal Effect

In vitro study of the effect of different volumes of twelve essential oils on the mycelial growth of economically significant phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea) and it was compared to the effect of a fungicide. The antifungal activity of essential oils is decreased with the duration of incubation and it differs depending on the type of phytopathogenic fungus and the applied volume. The most effective antifungal effect on both tested fungi was in the essential oil of thyme, with lowest values of IC50 while the weakest effect was in essential oils of eucalyptus and lemon, with the highest values of IC50. Certain essential oils, when applied in certain volumes, had the same or even better effect on the inhibition of the growth of mycelium when compared to the tested fungicides.

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND LARVICIDAL EFFECT EVALUATION OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA (L) LEAF EXTRACT ON DERMESTES MACULATUS (DE GEER, 1774) INFESTATION OF SMOKED CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL, 1822)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Sadam Sulaiman Indabo ◽  
Rufai Zakari
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Range Finding ◽  
Dermestes Maculatus ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Initial Source

Dermestes maculatus is a major pest of stored fish in Nigeria, fish is preserved with highly persistent synthetic chemicals. There have been an increasing effort at developing plant-based toxicants that are environmentally friendly. Therefore, this study was conducted to screen the leaf extract of Azadirachta indica for phytochemical constituents. The efficacy of the methanolic leaf extract of the plant against D. maculatus was also evaluated. The leaves of A. indica were obtained, processed and taken to laboratory for methanolic extraction. Phytochemical screening was carried out to identify saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, glycosides, triterpenes and carbohydrates using standard procedure.  Both clean and infested samples of smoke-dried Clarias gariepinus were purchased from Sabon Gari Market, Zaria. The infested samples were used as initial source of D. maculatus larvae. Range finding test was carried out prior to the bioassay. During the bioassay, clean un-infested fish samples were weighed and introduced into kilner jars and respective dosages of 0.2g, 0.4g, 0.6g and 0.8g of extract were added. Another set of fish samples without the extract were maintained as control. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design with three replicates. Fifteen larvae of D. maculatus were introduced into both treated and control containers and covered. Mortality was recorded after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Data obtained revealed an increase in mortality with increasing dose and time. Mortality ranged from 1.67 to 11.00. Therefore, leaf extract of A. indica should be incorporated in the development of larvicide against D. maculatus.   

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