Sucessão na agricultura familiar: permanência de jovens no meio rural sob a ótica de pais agricultores / Succession in family agriculture: permanence of young people in rural areas from the perspective of farming parents

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 82402-82417
Author(s):  
Natália Corrêa Costa Silva ◽  
Myriam Angélica Dornelas
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Matshidiso Kanjere

The South African youth faces multiple challenges that range from illiteracy, drug and alcohol abuse, crime and HIV/AIDS, to unemployment. These challenges and many other ills in society have led to interventions by government, and private and other civil societies. The government has established and initiated a number of programmes that aim at building capacity and helping the youth to cope with these multiple challenges. Some of the programmes are aimed at building leadership capacity among the impoverished youth in rural communities. A lot of money is being invested in these programmes, which are meant to develop young South Africans. However, there are some young people who do not participate in these programmes. They are also not in the formal education system, self-employed or employed elsewhere. And they are despondent. The government, private sector and non-governmental organisations are trying hard to bring these youths and others into the developmental arena, so that they can be active participants in the economy of the country in the near future. However, little research has been conducted to assess the broad impact of the various programmes in the country. The contribution that these programmes are making toward improving the livelihoods of young people has to be determined on a larger scale. Nevertheless, this article reports on an investigation that was conducted on a smaller scale, at the Lepelle-Nkumpi Local Municipality. The aim of the research was to explore the perceptions young South Africans have of the leadership development programmes that they have participated in. A mixed research approach was used to collect data and the key findings indicated that knowledge accumulated through participation in the programmes does not always translate into practical applications. However, the programmes were deemed to be valuable in instilling a positive life-view. The study recommends that support systems be established in the rural areas to assist young people with life challenges.


Young ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1S-17S ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Ulrik Sørensen ◽  
Mette Pless

Drawing on theoretical perspectives regarding the importance of place and belonging to a place in understanding young people’s lives as well as broader processes of social change and continuity, this article explores conceptions of youth as experienced—and narrated—by young people living in rural areas. The article analyzes how discourses on urbanism and youth can be traced in young people’s narratives about their communities and their own lives as young people; how these discourses seem to frame the young people’s narratives and how they rearticulate these discourses through their accounts (Davies, 2000). In the article, we thus also focus attention on the cracks and opposing discourses that can be identified in the young people’s narratives, and how they influence their relationship with their local area.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Giedrė Kvieskienė ◽  
Ilze Ivanova ◽  
Karmen Trasberg ◽  
Viktorija Stasytytė ◽  
Eglė Celiešienė

NEET (Not in Education, Employment, or Training) youth rates in Europe are generally higher in rural regions than in urban areas and the share in rural regions is constantly increasing. During the COVID-19 pandemic, young people became even more vulnerable as they experienced social exclusion and mental health problems. The objective of this paper is to analyse NEET youth-related statistics in Europe and distinguish positive initiatives for young people in rural areas of the Baltic countries to encourage positive emotions and willingness to learn. Statistical analysis and case study methods were employed. Data on youth unemployment, NEET youth by age and gender, and poverty and social exclusion of young people, is analysed. Social policy initiatives in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia, mainly from rural municipalities, are presented and discussed. This research determines the key issues related to NEET youth and proposes initiatives to overcome existing problems among young people. Such social initiatives aim to promote positive social emotions of youth, promote their inclusion in society, and foster regional sustainability.


Author(s):  
Armanda Keqi ◽  
Bora Kokalari ◽  
Sabina Beqiri

Young generations are those who make lives livelier and happier, who design the future and make the change, the ones with full hope and enthusiasm to go further and make the impossible possible. As every country of Europe, Asia or America, Albania as well is surrounded by a very fruitful young ladies and gentlemen's. This paper aims to analyse the changes of the youth development in Albania during the transition period. The young development in Albania has faced many problems, such as the difference between the levels of development of the youths that live in the other cities of Albania with the ones of the capital. Rural areas and small towns are closed where a portion of youth in minor are totally dependent from family, and they are exactly that with their weak hands are inclined to do the heavy work to keep their family one more day alive. Youth at the opening of the borders, generally tended to leave towards legal immigration either as tourist or in illegal opportunities addressing major countries like Britain, Greece, Italy, Belgium etc. Albania needs to make arrangements which will be financed by businessmen, private universities in cooperation with the state to offer young people opportunities to work together and to be closer to each other and to show their skills in conversation competitions. At the same time the state has other open universities in backward areas which will provide young entrepreneurs' with more opportunities for young people to graduate and to serve different areas. Meanwhile, there is needed a strategy to separate the fields in which there is a need to have more expert in the field which is required to work also which would come more to help the country's economy with the addition of experts. Albania is a country blessed where high mountains finish in seas, where groundwater resources are numerous, and with a conductive climate to produce almost all kinds of fruits and where vegetation is very diverse. If the youth will be directed towards learning of foreign languages and in recognition of their territories, traditions and customs, thus, we would make a big step because tourism market is precisely the kind of market where young people will find themselves more comfortable than ever, where the labour force will be insufficient paid and where the demand for products would be required as the number of tourists would be great and just the requirements would change in terms of application areas during the summer as it would be for beaches and seasonal fruits, while during the winter for skiing and mountain tourism.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans Koketso Matlakala ◽  
Jabulani Calvin Makhubele ◽  
Prudence Mafa

The risk factors that compound alcohol abuse by young people have significant effects of individuals. The sole purpose of social work is to enhance the social functioning of clients and in most cases, clients have impairments as the result of high density of alcohol outlets, affordability of alcohol, which later give birth to psychosocial challenges. The aim of this study is to describe psychosocial and demographic factors compounding alcohol abuse amongst youth. The study employed quantitative approach and descriptive case study design. Data was collected at Musina High School and 96 learners were sampled using stratified sampling to complete the questionnaire. Data was analysed descriptively with the aid of Statistical Package for the Social Science. The study revealed that psychosocial and environmental factors compound to alcohol abuse amongst youth in Musina High School. The study concludes that the context determines the excessive use of alcohol abuse by youth. Young people especially those who reside in rural areas are exposed to high density of alcohol outlets and they are left without guardianship. Due to lack of guardian or parental involvement they end up indulging in excessive use of alcohol.


1984 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. G. Wilson

From 1965 the fall in asthma mortality in Scotland has parallelled that documented for England and Wales. The high proportion of deaths in young people, and deaths at home, is similar to findings elsewhere. Mortality is higher in the more rural health areas, which are characterised by poorer access to general medical services, fewer medical consultants to the population, and lower hospital admission rates for asthma. There is a slightly higher proportion of home deaths in these rural areas, though on the available data not reaching the level of significance. It is suggested that this difference in mortality between the more urban and the more rural areas provides a basis for a case study in detail.


Author(s):  
Nogan V. Badmaeva ◽  

The article presents the results of the sociological survey of the young rural population of the Republic of Kalmykia on the problems of migration. The study analyzes the main goals and directions of the migration of young people. The results of the survey showed that the basic factors of the migration from rural areas are low level salaries, lack of work places, undeveloped infrastructure. The low level of social conditions is also one of the factors of migration of young people. The majority of the respondents plan to live in metropolises of Russia. No one of the respondents wants to live in a rural area. Thus, the analysis of the survey results showed that for young rural population the main channel for mobility is migration. It is important to note that rural area settlements have low level of attractiveness and prestige among contemporary young people which is due to low quality and level of life and the lack of preconditions for implementing life plans and strategies of the young people of the region.


levels which normally oscillated between 80,000 and 100,000 per year, and which in 1975 had soared up to 118,000 workers, were sharply reduced to 40,000 thereafter [First, 1982]. This mainly affected the southern part of Mozambique by creating massive rural unemployment. The towns had no capacity to absorb this surplus labour since employment was drastically re-duced in the towns as well. The latter process was due to the fall in employ-ment in domestic work (servants) and in the tourist sector (restaurants, hotels, bars, etc.). The exodus of Portuguese settlers and the virtual standstill of tourism (which catered for South Africans and Rhodesians) had amplified the problem of structural employment in the towns. The rural unemployed could not merely fall back on family agriculture since this was heavily dependent on cash income from wage work. Oxen and ploughs, farm implements, water reserves, etc. were normally paid for with wages from mine labour or other wage work. Furthermore, due to this cash inflow from wage income, a more interactive type of division of labour developed within the rural areas of southern Mozambique. Hence, peasants without oxen and plough would rent the services of peasants who did, and pay for it out of wage income. Brick-makers, carpenters, house-builders, tailors, mechanics were to be found among the middle peasantry who relied on these activities (usually acquired through mine labour) to supplement their income from farming. In a similar fashion, local transport and petty com-merce were sidelines of middle peasants stabilised by the influx of wage income. The reduction in mine labour employment deeply affected the viability of this internal division of labour within the rural economy. Finally, the impact of the reduction in mine labour was not evenly spread among the peasantry, since only those who held valid work certificates from the recruitment agency could continue to go to the mines. Other peasants were cut off altogether. This introduced a sharp element of differentiation within the rural econonmy. Those who could continued to go to the mines not only had cash income but also a guaranteed access to commodities (including means of production), while within Mozambique shortages were rapidly turning into a goods famine. However, rural unemployment was not merely a phenomena of the south. In central Mozambique, wage work to Rhodesia dropped sharply with the closure of the border between Mozambique and Rhodesia since 1976, and as a result of the war situation which developed thereafter. As stated in above, the concentration of resources on the state sector further weakened the basis of family agriculture at a time when a considerable part of its cash income through wage labour was cut off. While the colonial situ-ation was characterised by persistent labour shortages within the rural economy and continued state intervention to keep labour cheap (through the imposition of forced labour and forced cultivation of crops as well as by fragmentation of labour markets to avoid competition for labour to drive up the wage levels), the post-independence situation became characterised by rural unemployment and an intensified flow of people from the rural areas to the towns in search of wage work. The priority accorded to investments led to the slow expansion in the supply of consumer goods and in 1981 it actually fell by eight per cent: six per cent


2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Prayas Gautam ◽  
Munawar Hussain Soomro ◽  
Suprich Sapkota ◽  
Koshish Raj Gautam ◽  
Aastha Kasaju

Background: Sexual behavior of young people is becoming one of the important social and major publichealth concerns in recent years. Despite the large population of young people, their needs receive limited programmatic and policy attention. Youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services are lacking despite the existence of national guidelines that call for youth-friendly services. The aim of this study was to determine the barriers to utilization of sexual health services among young people of Badi community of Nepal.Materials & Methods: This qualitative study included the young people, 15-24 years of age among the Badi community in district Dang Nepal. We conducted 22 in-depth interviews by using the interview guideline among the young people. Written and verbal informed consent was taken from each research participants before data collection.Results: Fourteen of the participants were males and eight were females. Participants were divided into two age groups: 15-19 and 20-24 and there were eight and fourteen participants from each group respectively. Rural participants were not satisfied with the services provided to them. We observed that discrimination, beliefs of society and feeling of shame towards family norms, lack of information about existing services, poor gender friendly services,lack of privacy and confidentiality and poor availability of the services pose the barriers to utilization of the sexual health services.Conclusions: Communities should be provided with educational programs on sexual health through community based organization and the establishment of youth friendly service centers with easy access to communities in urban as well as in rural areas would encourage young people to use sexual health services more frequently.J MEDICINE JUL 2018; 19 (2) : 79-83


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