Evolution of the public administration system. The Republic of Estonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-118
Author(s):  
YANA TOOM ◽  
◽  
VALENTINA V. KOMLEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Administration System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic

The article studies the main stages and features of the evolution of the public administration system in the Republic of Estonia after 1992. This paper presents brief geographical and socio-economic characteristics that largely determine the development of the country’s public administration. The evolution of the institution of the presidency, executive, and legislative powers are considered. The role of parliament and mechanisms for coordinating the interests of different groups of the population for the development of the country is especially emphasized. The authors analyze the state and administrative reforms of recent years, which were aimed at improving the quality of services provided to the population, increasing the competitiveness of different parts of Estonia, as well as optimizing public spending and management structure. The introduction of digital technologies into the sphere of public administration, healthcare, education, and the social sphere is of a notable place. Such phenomena as e-residency, e-federation, and other digital projects are considered. The development of a digital system of interstate interaction between Estonia and Finland made it possible to create the world’s first e-federation, and the digitization of all strategically important information and its transfer to cloud storage speaks of the creation of the world’s first e-residency, a special residence of data outside the country’s borders to ensure digital continuity and statehood in the event of critical malfunctions or external threats.

scholarly journals Poetic Examination of Spatial Experience: Suprematist Composition No. 1, Black on Grey by Kristina Leko

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-176
Author(s):  
Katarina Rukavina
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Spatial Experience ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Art Intervention ◽  
The City

The paper analyses the concept of space in contemporary art on the example of Suprematist Composition No. 1, Black on Grey by Kristina Leko from 2008. Referring to Malevich’s suprematism, in December 2008 Leko initiated a project of art intervention in Ban Jelačić Square in Zagreb, where she intended to cover in black all commercials, advertisements, signs and names of various companies. This poetic intervention, as the artist calls it, was intended to prompt people to relativise material goods in the pre-Christmas period. However, despite the authorisation obtained from the city authorities, the companies concerned refused to remove their respective advertisements, be it for only for 24 hours, so this project has never been realised. The project, however, does exist in the virtual space, which is also public, and continues to act in the form of documentation. The non-feasibility of the intervention, or rather its invisibility on Jelačić Square, makes visible or directly indicates the ordering of the powers and the constellation of values in the social sphere, thus raising new questions. Indeed, in this way it actually enters the public space, sensitising and expanding it at the same time.

scholarly journals Crowd Funding as a Tool for Financing the Construction of Social Facilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.2) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Liana Ptashchenko ◽  
Maya Chechelashvili
Keyword(s):  
Social Activity ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Economic Convergence ◽  
Crowd Sourcing ◽  
Social Culture ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Organizational Mechanism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Active Implementation

The article analyzes the social state of countries experiencing economic convergence in the European Community on the basis of rating indicators of the level of happiness of the population. It is noted that the main problem of weak socialization in these countries is inadequate financing of measures for implementing me general social policy, including construction of social facilities. The article substantiates the idea that it is possible to solve the problem of financing the construction of social facilities with the help of crowd funding, which is not popular in this industry yet. Based on the study of crowd funding, the purpose of the article is to determine the organizational mechanism for the successful implementation of social projects with the help of crowd-hosting platforms. Since the basis of crowded platforms development in the social sphere is trust and motivation, the article suggests using crowd-sourcing, which would help a wider circle of the public pay attention to the social project.The authors are the first to form an organizational mechanism for supporting and implementing projects for the construction of social facilities with the help of crowd-funding platforms and proposed a mixed technology for implementing a social project; this technology is an advanced combination of creating experimental objects and active implementation of projects through advertising and crowd-sourcing. The support for the project on the crowd-diving platform was described by the authors as crowd-shipping development. The emphasis was placed on the need to train active and enterprising people in technologies and prospects of crowd finding for projects of construction of social facilities, as well as the population awareness of crowd funding advantages and possibilities for the development of regions (territories) of the country. It is noted that this will allow creating objective conditions for the formation of citizens' attitudes towards the socialization of relations in society, envolving the population into social activity, and forming a social culture in society. 

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL TERMS OF USE OF MECHANISMS OF STATE-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL SECURITY OF THE KURSK REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
T. V. Khaustova ◽  
A. A. Soklakov
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Security System ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Kursk Region

The article explores the issues of implementing public-private partnership projects in the social security system of the Kursk region. The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that public-private partnership is becoming an increasingly popular way of solving the problems of the development of a socially significant sphere in the conditions of a shortage of budget resources, where it is impossible to fulfill the set goals without attracting investments and the potential of the institution of entrepreneurship. In Russia, the relevance of public-private partnership in the social sphere is due to the low level of its development in terms of applying advanced management methods. This sector, which for many decades was the object of direct government, is experiencing today the greatest need for various resources for the implementation of the set tasks of socio-economic development. The article presents theoretical, methodological and practical approaches to reflecting the development of public-private partnership in the social security system of the region. The system of indicators that characterizes the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the social sphere of the region is analyzed. In the course of the study, specifics of the implementation of public-private partnership projects at the regional level were revealed. The analysis of the dynamics of key indicators of the social security development in the region was carried out. With the financial capacity of the public sector reduced and the private sector has the potential to effectively implement innovative technologies to solve socially important tasks to modernize the social services infrastructure aimed at improving the quality and accessibility of socially important services, it requires a combination of opportunities and efforts of the public and private sectors. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the main indicators of investment projects of public-private partnerships, suggests approaches to increase the efficiency of implementation of these projects in the Kursk region.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE METHOD OF ASSESSING THREATS AND RISKS- MANAGEMENT THE OF ECONOMIC SAFETY IN THE SOCIAL SPHERE

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 148-157
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Tsiklauri ◽  
L. S. Belousova ◽  
A. I. Devyatilova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
National Interests ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development

Russia today is a dynamically developing state that, despite external pressure, continues to strengthen its positions in the world arena, timely preventing external and internal threats to economic security. Social stability is a fundamental prerequisite for the dynamic development of the state. In this regard, the state's task is to prevent destructive processes in social and economic development, using a set of measures and management procedures. The state of the social sphere, trends and forecasts of its formation have always been in the focus of the interests of the leadership of our country, government organizations and the scientific community. This is because the social sphere is of primary importance for the development of society in particular and the state as a whole. In recent years, large-scale changes have begun to take place in the Russian Federation, including the development of new public legislation, the implementation of targeted projects, the formation of a new concept of public protection of the population, and many actions have been taken to provide a decent level of well-being and increase the quality of life of the Russian people. Despite the fact that the Russian government has made great efforts to reduce the scale of unemployment and poverty, improving the quality of life, the social problem remains quite acute. The main factor was the sudden change in the international situation in the last few years, the introduction of financial and restrictive sanctions, the implementation of hostile political activities by certain foreign states against Russia, and as a result, the complication of the social and financial situation within our state. However, successful social and financial development remains the highest value for the Russian state in the near future. The purpose of this activity is to identify the relevance and complexity of problems of economic security and assess indicators that determine threats to security in the public sphere. Observation and diagnosis of the degree of threats to the national interests of the state on the basis of indicators of socio-economic development indicators in the public domain is a priority task in the existing realities of our life. Modeling the threats to economic security, ie, obtaining specific values of economic security indicators depending on their belonging to a particular risk class (level), it is possible to develop an appropriate plan of measures to improve economic security in the social sphere on the basis of the proposed classification. Monitoring and diagnosing the level of threats to the national interests of the country on the basis of indicators of social and economic development in the social sphere is a paramount task in the existing realities of our life. At the same time, the results obtained serve as a good basis for developing development strategies for the future with the preservation of social stability. The aim of the study is to formulate methodological provisions for the development of the theory of economic security based on the definition of threats to the economic security of the social sphere, using the proposed model of the relationship between the key factors that affect the level of security in this area. The research uses a set of general scientific approaches (abstract-logical, deductive, complex and systemic). The realization of the research process was carried out with the help of the dialectical method of cognition, which predetermines the study of economic phenomena in their interconnection and development. To solve individual problems, economic-statistical methods, comparison methods, absolute, relative and average values, graphical and tabular data representation, correlation-regression analysis, Ward clustering were used.

scholarly journals Social Media as a Contemporary Communication Tool Between a City and its Users – a Theoretical Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
Michał Sędkowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interactive Nature

Social media have become a standard in contemporary communication. That is especially true for business which jumped at the opportunity to con­nect with current and prospective customers allowing them to integrate with their favourite brands and products even further. This trend, however, seems to be absent in the public domain. Local authorities notice social media but attempt to use it in a one-to-many format, which is incompatible with the interactive nature of the new medium. Cities can strongly benefit from an active presence in the social sphere as it opens new paths to co-governance and better communication.

scholarly journals Sustainable Public Procurement: Realization of the Social Aspect in Republic of Lithuania

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginijus Kanapinskas ◽  
Žydrūnas Plytnikas ◽  
Agnė Tvaronavičienė
Keyword(s):  
Public Procurement ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Procurement Procedure ◽  
Main Ideas

Public procurement concentrates large public sector’s purchasing power, and has a significant impact on each country’s economic development. The purpose of public procurement procedure is transparency, non-discrimination and accordance to the principles of fair competition in acquisition of goods, services and works necessary for the smooth functioning of the public administration. Besides, public procurement can be one of the most important instruments for sustainable development and other purposes useful to the whole society and the economy of the country. This article briefly discusses the concept of sustainable public procurement, reveals its main ideas and applications. One of them, the social sphere, was chosen the main object of the research. The possibility to decrease unemployment, to increase an integration of socially vulnerable group, and to achieve other socially-oriented goals through an effective implementation of the social aspect of sustainable public procurement has been illustrated. Thus, the article analyses the concept of social procurement, assesses the current situation in Lithuania, overviews the good practice of other countries and provides recommendations for measures to extend the application of socially oriented procurement.

Problems and Development Prospects of Public-Private Entrepreneurship

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 993-1004
Author(s):  
O. V. Burgonov ◽  
A. V. Semenov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Private Entrepreneurship ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
The Government

The presented study addresses the problems of interaction between the public (government) and private sectors in the process of social reproduction. Evolution of the mechanism, models, and forms of public-private entrepreneurship has led to the widespread use of public-private partnerships (PPP) based on the utilization of innovation and investment resources of the business to solve economic and social problems. Economic restructuring spurred by digitalization, the pandemic, the shifting balance of power in the world, departure from unilateralism, financialization of economies, and globalization of economic crises decrease the productivity of traditional economic regulation measures taken by the government. Thus, it becomes obvious that further development of public-private partnerships requires enhanced public monitoring using cloud-based information systems, together with updated legislation in this area and new management personnel. The government should encourage innovations in the development of public-private entrepreneurship forms and facilitate interaction with business structures in the context of national and local budget deficit. These measures will help to improve the rate and quality of economic growth in Russia and transition to the sixth wave of innovation. Aim. The study aims to show the genesis and mechanism of interaction between public authorities and business structures and its role in economic development; analyze major forms of public-private entrepreneurship; identify problems and propose recommendations for improving government-business interaction within the framework of public-private partnerships in the context of slower economic growth and the government’s limited ability to implement large-scale investment projects, including in the social sphere. Tasks. The authors analyze the development of public-private entrepreneurship in Russia and across the world, highlighting the features and models of such interaction; examine the legislative features and mechanisms of public-private entrepreneurship; identify problems and opportunities for the successful implementation of government-business interaction in the investment sphere of the Russian Federation. Methods. This study is based on the historical and logical approach, systems analysis, critical examination of scientific literature in relation to the adopted legislation, elements of complex analysis, modeling of interaction processes between public institutions and business structures. Results. The authors prove that by enhancing the interaction between business structures and the government through the development of public-private partnerships in the creation and operation of infrastructure, information technologies, and the social sphere, it will be possible to increase the rate of economic growth, to reduce the burden on the national budget in the context of economic stagnation and recession, and to secure the government’s obligations in the social sphere. The proposed recommendations for improving public-private entrepreneurship include improving the quality of the legal framework regulating the type of partnership, improving its information infrastructure, having a targeted strategy and tactics for the development of public-private entrepreneurship at the national, regional, and municipal level, as well as developing managerial competencies in the field of public-private entrepreneurship process management. Conclusions. The study substantiates the need to form and train efficient project teams, whose tasks should include competent support of a PPP project at all stages, from concept definition to implementation, and using the infrastructure mortgage principle and public control in public-private partnership.

Liberation theology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Haight
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Liberation Theology ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
The Social ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Different Characteristics

Also known as theology of liberation, liberation theology is simultaneously a social movement within the Christian Church and a school of thought, both of which react against human suffering due to poverty and various forms of oppression. The essence of liberation theology consists in an interpretation of Christian salvation that retains its transcendent eschatological content and draws out its historical dimensions and their implications for personal life, the social sphere and the public action of the Church. Salvation contains various levels of liberation. Liberation theology is most commonly associated with Latin America, where it emerged during the 1960s. As both movement and theology, it is at present a worldwide phenomenon, taking on different characteristics according to culture, situation, the kind of oppression that predominates, and concrete political and social exigencies. Although some liberation theologians have employed Marxist language as a tool for social analysis, the underpinnings of liberation theology lie in Christian faith. Liberation theology is predominately Roman Catholic in Latin America because of the Catholic majority; but as a movement and a school of thought it unites Catholic and mainstream Protestant Churches. Evangelical Christians are often antipathetic to liberation theology because of their individualism and other-worldliness.

Public-Private Partnership? Shifting Paradigms of Economic Governance in Ontario

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1005-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Design ◽  
Policy Networks ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Institutional Innovation ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Analytical Importance

In recent years, many governments have embraced new modes of economic governance that rely on public-private partnerships. These forms of governance effectively devolve authority and responsibility from the state, and instead rely on the policy networks found in civil society.This article argues that despite the general enthusiasm for such decentralized collaboration, there is significant variation in its meaning and practice. Comparing the public-private partnership strategies of two governments in Ontario in the 1990s, the article analyzes the origins and progress of two distinctive governance paradigms, looking for signs of economic innovation.The case studies demonstrate that each of the social democratic and neoliberal paradigms contains its own specific representational logic, organizational design, and policy purpose. The article underscores the analytical importance of linking the study of decentralized policy networks at the meso or local scale to macro-level political and economic factors that condition their operation and effects. It concludes with a discussion of the obstacles to institutional innovation in Ontario, and the conditions that facilitate successful public-private partnerships in economic governance.

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