Understanding the Relationship between Social Cognition and Word Difficulty

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (06) ◽  
pp. 522-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shikata ◽  
M. Miyabe ◽  
Y. Usuda ◽  
K. Asada ◽  
S. Ayaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Language Ability ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Word Difficulty ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryBackground: Few quantitative studies have been conducted on the relationship between society and its languages. Individuals with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) are known to experience social hardships, and a wide range of clinical information about their quality of life has been provided through numerous narrative analyses. However, the narratives of ASD patients have thus far been examined mainly through qualitative approaches.Objectives: In this study, we analyzed adults with ASD to quantitatively examine the relationship between language abilities and ASD severity scores.Methods: We generated phonetic transcriptions of speeches by 16 ASD adults at an ASD workshop, and divided the participants into 2 groups according to their Social Responsiveness ScaleTM, 2nd Edition (SRSTM-2) scores (where higher scores represent more severe ASD): Group A comprised high-scoring ASD adults (SRSTM-2 score: 76) and Group B comprised low- and intermediate-scoring ASD adults (SRSTM-2 score: < 76). Using natural language processing (NLP)-based analytical methods, the narratives were converted into numerical data according to four language ability indicators, and the relationships between the language ability scores and ASD severity scores were compared.Results and Discussion: Group A showed a marginally negative correlation with the level of Japanese word difficulty (p < .10), while the “social cognition” subscale of the SRSTM-2 score showed a significantly negative correlation (p < .05) with word difficulty. When comparing only male participants, Group A demonstrated a significantly lower correlation with word difficulty level than Group B (p < .10).Conclusion: Social communication was found to be strongly associated with the level of word difficulty in speech. The clinical applications of these findings may be available in the near future, and there is a need for further detailed study on language metrics designed for ASD adults.

Appreciation of the importance of pregravid preparation and reproductive attitudes of women of childbearing age in the city of Omsk

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
E N Kravchenko ◽  
R A Morgunov
Keyword(s):  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Perinatal Center ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Complicated Pregnancy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The aim of the study. Assess the importance of pregravid preparation and outcomes of pregnancy and childbirth, depending on the reproductive attitudes of women in the city of Omsk. Materials and methods. The study included 92 women who were divided into groups: group A (n=43) - women whose pregnancy was planned; group B (n=49) - women whose pregnancy occurred accidentally. Each group was divided into subgroups depending on age: from 18 to 30 and from 31 to 49 years. For each patient included in the study, a specially designed map was filled out. These patients were interviewed at the City Clinical Perinatal Center. Results. Comparative analysis revealed the relationship between the reproductive settings of women of childbearing age and the peculiarity of the course of pregnancy and childbirth in these patients. Summary. The majority of women of fertile age are married: in subgroup AA - 25 (96.2%), AB - 13 (76.5%), BA - 25 (92.6%), BB - 20 (91.0%). The predominant number of women of fertile age have one or more abortions: in subgroup AA - 12 (46.2%), AB - 6 (35.3%), in subgroups of comparison BA - 8 (29.6%), BB - 6 (27.3%). More than half of the women of fertile age surveyed have a history of untreated cervical pathology (from 40.8% to 64.7%). The course of pregnancy in women planning pregnancy in most cases proceeded without complications: in subgroup AA - 13 (50.0%), AB - 11 (64.7%). The most common cause of complicated pregnancy in women whose pregnancy occurred accidentally is the threat of spontaneous miscarriage: in subgroup BA - 15 (55.6%), BB - 16 (72.7%). The uncomplicated course of labor more often [subgroup AA - 19 (73.0%), AB - 12 (70.6%)] was observed in women whose pregnancy was planned and they were motivated to give birth to a healthy child.

scholarly journals ABO groups can play a role in susceptibility and severity of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Samra ◽  
M. Habeb ◽  
R. Nafae
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Abo Blood Group ◽  
Infection Group ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Blood Group A ◽  
Group A ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Seriously Ill

Abstract Background A few people infected by the coronavirus become seriously ill, while others show little to no signs of the symptoms, or are asymptomatic. Recent researches are pointing to the fact that the ABO blood group might play an important role in a person’s susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 infection. Aim of the study: try to understand the relationship between ABO groups and COVID-19 (susceptibility and severity). Results A total of (507) patients were included in this study. The study population was divided based on the ABO blood group into types A+, A−, B+, AB, O+, and O−. Blood group A was associated with high susceptibility of infection: group A, 381 (75.1%); and less common in group O, 97 (19.2%), group B, 18 (3.5%), and group AB, 11 (2.2%). The severity of COVID-19 infection was common in non-blood group O where (20 (7.1%), 4 (26.7%), 2 (11%), and 1 (9%) in type A+, A−, B+, and AB, respectively), while in type O 3.1%. And mechanically ventilated patients were 22 (5.9%), 2 (13.4%), 2 (11.1%), and 1 (1%). Mortality was high in blood groups A and B, 16 (4.37%) and 1 (5.5%), respectively, while in blood group O, it was 1%. Conclusion The incidence, severity, and mortality of COVID-19 were common in non-blood group O. While blood group O was protected against COVID-19.

scholarly journals Antibiotic use and other risk factors at hospital level for outbreaks with Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. I. van der Kooi ◽  
M. Koningstein ◽  
A. Lindemans ◽  
D. W. Notermans ◽  
E. Kuijper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Ribotype 027 ◽  
Defined Daily Doses ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Relationship

The first Dutch outbreak due to Clostridium difficile ribotype 027 was observed in mid-2005; by the end of that year, eight hospitals were affected. To study the relationship between hospital-wide antibiotic use and the incidence of 027-linked C. difficile-associated disease (CDAD) three study groups were made: group A, all eight hospitals with an 027-associated epidemic; group B, five of a total of six hospitals with occasional 027 cases, without an increase in CDAD; and group C, ten randomly selected hospitals with no reported 027 epidemics or isolated 027 cases. Quarterly data on CDAD incidences, hygiene measures and the use of fluoroquinolones, second- and third-generation cephalosporins, extended-spectrum penicillins, penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitors, carbapenems, lincomycins and macrolides were collected for 2004 and 2005, and divided into pre-epidemic and epidemic periods. Using a multilevel Poisson regression analysis, CDAD incidence was linked to antibiotic use in the previous quarter and to certain hygiene measures. In the pre-epidemic period, the total use of the studied antibiotics was comparable between affected and unaffected hospitals. Higher use of second-generation cephalosporins, macrolides and all of the studied antibiotics were independently associated with a small increase in CDAD incidence [relative risk (95 % confidence interval): 1.14 per increase of 100 defined daily doses per 10 000 bed days (1.06–1.23), 1.10 (1.01–1.19) and 1.02 (1.01–1.03), respectively]. However the effect was too small to predict which hospitals might be more prone to 027-associated outbreaks.

Relationship between portal venous and hepatic arterial blood flows: spectrum of response

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (6) ◽  
pp. G1010-G1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kawasaki ◽  
F. J. Carmichael ◽  
V. Saldivia ◽  
L. Roldan ◽  
H. Orrego
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Portal Vein Ligation ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group D

The relationship between portal tributary blood flow (PBF) and hepatic arterial blood flow (HAF) was studied in awake, unrestrained rats with the radiolabeled microsphere technique. Six distinct patterns of response emerged. In group A (PBF+, HAF 0), ethanol, acetate, glucagon, prostacyclin, and a mixed diet increased PBF without a change in HAF; in group B (PBF+, HAF+), adenosine and histamine increased both PBF and HAF; in group C (PBF 0, HAF+), isoflurane and triiodothyronine did not change PBF but increased HAF; and in group D (PBF-, HAF+), halothane and vasopressin decreased PBF and increased HAF. Acute partial portal vein ligation decreased PBF (56%) and increased HAF (436%). Hypoxia (7.5% O2) decreased PBF (28%) and increased HAF (110%). In group E (PBF+, HAF-), acute hepatic artery ligation increased PBF (35%) and reduced HAF (74%), while in group F (PBF-, HAF-), thyroidectomy reduced PBF and HAF (36 and 47%, respectively). All blood flow responses were accompanied by the expected changes in both portal tributary and hepatic arterial vascular resistances. The data suggest that the portal and hepatic arterial vascular territories have regulatory mechanisms that allow for independent changes.

scholarly journals Immediate vs. delayed toe-to-thumb transfer: Is the infection rate greater?

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (06) ◽  
pp. 434-439
Author(s):  
Matteo Ornelli ◽  
Giovanni Ruocco ◽  
Juste Kaciulyte ◽  
Lara Lazzaro ◽  
Nicola Felici
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Immediate Reconstruction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Toe Transfer ◽  
Delayed Reconstruction ◽  
Reconstruction Group

Abstract Background After loss of a thumb, the big toe is a possible donor site for reconstruction with wrap-around free flap and trimmed-toe transfer techniques. Early reconstructions seem to reduce the risk of post-operative infections, despite several studies that show different infection rates of the recipient site in immediate toe-to-hand transfer. The authors carried out a retrospective analysis of their experience in thumb reconstruction with big toe transfer and evaluated the results achieved with both immediate and delayed reconstructions in terms of infection occurrence. Patients and Methods From 2000 to 2017, patients who presented cut, crush and avulsion injuries in the thumb were selected and 33 toe-to-thumb transfers were performed. Patients were divided into two groups: in group A, patients underwent immediate reconstruction, while in group B delayed reconstructions were performed. The two groups received identical antimicrobial prophylaxis. Reliability of the immediate or delayed reconstruction was compared in terms of flap survival, requirement for a secondary intention healing and, in particular, rate of infection. Results 29 male and 4 female patients were treated. Toe-to-thumb transfers were performed in both groups: in group A, 8 wrap-around free flaps and 4 trimmed toe transfers; in group B, 11 wrap-around and 10 trimmed toe transfers. No flap loss occurred in either groups. No cases of infection were detected in the transferred toes. Conclusion For toe-to-thumb transfer, there are published reports of a wide range of infection rates of the recipient sites. The authors compared their results in terms of infection rate between immediate reconstruction, group A, and delayed reconstruction, group B. Immediate toe-to-thumb transfer showed equal success rates to delayed transfer. No statistically significant difference in risk of infection between the two groups was found. Results showed that the immediate reconstruction was as safe and reliable as the delayed one.

Cervical malalignment after laminoplasty: relationship to deep extensor musculature of the cervical spine and neurological outcome

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haku Iizuka ◽  
Takashi Nakajima ◽  
Yoichi Iizuka ◽  
Yasunori Sorimachi ◽  
Tsuyoshi Ara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Neurological Outcome ◽  
Neurological Recovery ◽  
Cervical Lordosis ◽  
Cervical Alignment ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Relationship

Object The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between preservation of the insertion of the deep extensor musculature of the cervical spine at C-2 and postoperative cervical alignment, especially differences between cases involving male and female patients, as well as the relationship between the loss of cervical lordosis and neurological outcome after laminoplasty. Methods The authors reviewed the records of 50 patients who underwent laminoplasty to elevate the C-3 lamina with repair of the deep extensor musculature (Group A) and 31 patients who underwent laminoplasty by C-3 dome laminotomy or laminectomy (Group B). They compared the degree of cervical lordosis after laminoplasty with preoperative measurements. Neurological function at last follow-up was also compared with preoperative assessments. Results In Group A, the mean values for pre- and postoperative cervical lordosis were 14.5 and 10.9°, respectively (p > 0.18). In female patients, however, the pre- and postoperative means were 14.4 and 3.7°, respectively (p < 0.004). In Group B, the overall means for pre- and postoperative cervical lordosis were 17.3 and 19.1°, respectively (p > 0.48); the corresponding means for female patients were 15.0 and 14.1° (p > 0.83). The mean percentages of neurological recovery were 54.1% in Group A and 54.8% in Group B. Conclusions Preservation of the insertion of the deep extensor musculature to the C-2 spinous process prevented significant changes in cervical alignment after laminoplasty, even among female patients. Neurological recovery was not affected by the loss of cervical lordosis.

Isozyme variation, morphology, and growth response to temperature in Pythium irregulare

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 2073-2081 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. S. Barr ◽  
S. I. Warwick ◽  
N. L. Desaulniers
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Pythium Irregulare ◽  
Analysis Group ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pythium Sylvaticum ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Isozyme-based genetic diversity, morphological characters, and growth rate at different temperatures were compared in a worldwide collection of 125 isolates presumed to be Pythium irregulare Buisman. The isozyme data was analysed with previously published data for Pythium ultimum Trow and Pythium sylvaticum Campbell & Hendrix. UPGMA cluster analysis yielded a dendrogram with four distinct groups: P. ultimum, P. sylvaticum, and two for P. irregulare. Putative P. irregulare isolates were separated into 33 multilocus genotypes defined by 11 isozyme loci: group A contained 116 isolates in 25 genotypes, and group B, 8 isolates in 7 genotypes. One genotype with a single isolate was determined as P. sylvaticum. Based on the isozyme analysis, group B was considered a distinct taxonomic entity from group A, but lacked any unique morphological character. There was a wide range in oogonium and oospore sizes among different isolates of P. irregulare, with those in group B generally being larger. Some isolates in group A had well developed oogonial spines, but others were essentially spineless, whereas all those in group B were spineless. Both groups A and B contained isolates with distinctly aplerotic oospores and others with essentially plerotic oospores. Antheridial number and shape were highly variable both within and among isolates in the two groups. Growth rate over a range of temperatures varied among isolates in both groups and was not a reliable taxonomic criterion. The irregular shape of oogonia and, when present, oogonial spines were the only reliable characters for distinguishing P. irregulare isolates from other taxa. Key words: taxonomy, Oomycetes, Pythiaceae, Pythium ultimum, Pythium sylvaticum.

The relationship between naldemedine administration and the maximum dose of oral opioids.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 818-818
Author(s):  
Shinya Kajiura ◽  
Shingo Chikaoka ◽  
Ayaka Kadota ◽  
Sakie Fukai ◽  
Takako Matsushita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Median Dose ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Day Range ◽  
Opioid Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Starting Date ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Relationship

818 Background: Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is the most common side effect of opioid therapy. Laxatives are usually used as a first-line treatment for OIC. Treatment options for OIC are switching to other opioids associated with less frequent OIC, such as Fentanyl. Naldemedine is an orally active peripherally acting µ-opioid receptor antagonists that was approved in Japan from 2017 for management of cancer-related OIC. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between Naldemedine administration and the maximum dose of oral Oxycodone which is the most frequently used oral opioids at our hospital. Methods: During June 2017 and December 2018, a total of 217 patients with cancer-related pain received Oxycodone at our institution. The first group of the patients concurrently received Naldemedine 0.2 mg daily (group A, n = 101), and the second group didn’t receive it (group B, n = 116) for cancer-related OIC reduction. We compared the maximum Oxycodone dose between two groups by medical record retrospectively. Results: The median age of group A was 69 y.o. (range 20-87 y.o.), and the median age of group B was 67 y.o. (range 27-88y.o.). There was no significant difference in common patient background between group A and B. The median dose of maximum Oxycodone dose of group A was 40 mg/day (range 10-480 mg/day), and that of group B was 20 mg/day (range 10-320 mg/day). There was a significant difference in the median dose of maximum Oxycodone between group A and B (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.0001). In Group A, the administration was started in 31 patient Naldemedine and Oxycodone at the same time. As for 70 remaining patients, the administration was started when they had constipation after oxycodone was administrated. In those patients, the median days was 19 days from the Oxycodone administration starting date to the Naldemedine administration starting date. Conclusions: Naldemedine administration in patients with cancer-related OIC may increase the maximum dose of oral Oxycodone.

The subcellular defects in the androgen insensitivity syndrome

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S396-S402
Author(s):  
W. SWOBODA ◽  
K. HERKNER
Keyword(s):  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Kinetic Method ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Androgen Insensitivity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Tissue Specimens

ABSTRACT The androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) was studied with consideration of the complexity of mechanisms involved on the intracellular level: testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) receptors and the androgen-5α-reductase (A5R). Five children with "normal" female external genitalia (group A) and three patients with variable forms of ambiguity (group B), ages 1 to 18 years, were studied. Tissue specimens from genital skin were analysed for the Kd- and Nmaxvalues of the cytosolic and nuclear T- and DHT-receptors, as well as for the Km- and Vmax-data of the tissue specific A5R. The enzyme analyses were performed with a kinetic method. Results show that patients from group A mainly lack action of the nuclear DHT receptor, combined with reduces binding capacity in the cytosol. T binding was poor in both, cytosolic and nuclear fractions, respectively. Results of group B proved to be more inhomogenous, ranging from total absence of a DHT receptor to normal binding capacities in the nuclear fractions, accompanied by decreased cytosolic Nmax values for that ligand. T binding was poor in all patients of group B in the cytosolic and nuclear fractions, respectively. A5R was qualitatively normal in all patients examined, except one, but decreased enzyme activities could be observed in a wide range. In summary, the study confirms the complex mechanisms, presenting as AIS clinically. Moreover a close relationship between abnormalities of androgen receptor function and changes in A5R activity could be evaluated, thus confirming the recent theories about intracellular androgen action.

scholarly journals The Interaction of Oxidative Stress Response with Cytokines in the Thyrotoxic Rat: Is There a Link?

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balahan Makay ◽  
Ozer Makay ◽  
Cigdem Yenisey ◽  
Gokhan Icoz ◽  
Gokhan Ozgen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Cytokine Response ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Melatonin Administration ◽  
Alpha Response ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
The Relationship

Oxidative stress is regarded as a pathogenic factor in hyperthyroidism. Our purpose was to determine the relationship between the oxidative stress and the inflammatory cytokines and to investigate how melatonin affects oxidative damage and cytokine response in thyrotoxic rats. Twenty-one rats were divided into three groups. Group A served as negative controls. Group B had untreated thyrotoxicosis, and Group C received melatonin. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and nitric oxide derivates (Nx), and plasma IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha were measured. MDA, GSH, Nx, IL-10, and TNF-alpha levels increased after L-thyroxine induction. An inhibition of triiodothyronine and thyroxine was detected, as a result of melatonin administration. MDA, GSH, and Nx levels were also affected by melatonin. Lowest TNF-alpha levels were observed in Group C. This study demonstrates that oxidative stress is related to cytokine response in the thyrotoxic rat. Melatonin treatment suppresses the hyperthyroidism-induced oxidative damage as well as TNF-alpha response.

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