A Study on the relationship between the exhibition methods and visitors’ eye tracking in the atypical architecture museums

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Sun-Ae Oh
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
The Relationship

Looking my (enemy?) in the eyes: An eye-tracking study of simulated virtual intergroup contact

2021 ◽  
pp. 175063522110134
Author(s):  
Nili Steinfeld ◽  
Ohad Shaked
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Participant Engagement ◽  
Shared Identity ◽  
Contact Effect ◽  
Access Information ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Recommendations

This study addresses questions of access and agency as they come into play in intergroup contact. In such a context, access to information about the outgroup and conflict, as well as active agency in the form of engagement in intergroup discussions about the conflict, group identity, goals and compromises, are often a function of the intensity and effect of the contact. Although intergroup contact has been proven to be efficient in reducing stereotypes and advancing mutual understanding, these effects are inconsistent. The authors introduce eye tracking as a method for assessing participant engagement and attention as predictors of the contact effect on participants. They examine this approach through the use of simulated virtual contact, an innovative method which allows citizens direct access to information about and from the outgroup, and emphasizes participant agency by increasing participant control over the session. Israeli students participated in a simulated virtual contact with a Palestinian while their ocular behaviour was recorded. Anger and hatred toward Palestinians decreased after the session. Perception of Palestinian trustworthiness and ability to change increased. Desire to access information about Palestinians, changes in the belief of Palestinian ability to change, acknowledgment of a shared identity and support for compromises all correlated with visual attention to the speaker, leading to reflections on the relationship between attention and contact intensity and effect. Practical recommendations for promoting participant attention and possibly increasing contact effect are discussed, and the article concludes with a general theoretical discussion on the use of eye tracking for measuring contact intensity and designing better contact experiences.

scholarly journals Best Thing Is Always in the Middle? An Investigation of Centrality Preference By Eye-Tracking Technique and Memory Recall

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lap-Yan Lo ◽  
Cheuk-Yu Tsang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Recall Test ◽  
Number Line ◽  
Mental Number Line ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Memory Recall ◽  
Tracking Technique ◽  
Fixation Points ◽  
The Relationship

An object located in the centre position is believed to be the most attended and well remembered, which increases its likelihood of being chosen (i.e., centrality preference). However, the literature has yielded inconsistent evidence. With the support of an eye-tracking technique, this study tried to provide another means of examining the relationship between preference and attention. Thirty undergraduates were asked to choose one of five similar items presented on a horizontal line. The findings on eye fixation points and looking duration positively related to the probability of an item being chosen as the preferred item. Yet performance in a recall test revealed an independence between preference and remembering. Furthermore, an unexpectedly large proportion of the participants also preferred the items on the leftmost side of the array. The mental number line and social norms, together with centrality preference, were used to provide an explanation of our implicit preference in decision making.

Modern Furniture Color Image Based on Eye Tracking

2012 ◽  
Vol 157-158 ◽  
pp. 410-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Feng Xu ◽  
Han Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Human Vision System ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Color Features ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between modern furniture color image and eye tracking has been of interest to academics and practitioners for many years. We propose and develop a new view and method exploring these connections, utilizing data from a survey of 31 testees’ eye tracking observed value. Using Tobii X120 eye tracker to analyze eye movement to furniture samples in different hue and tones colors, we highlight the relative importance of the effect of furniture color on human vision system and show that the connections between furniture color features with color image.

An eye tracking study of minimally branded products: hedonism and branding as predictors of purchase intentions

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Mundel ◽  
Patricia Huddleston ◽  
Bridget Behe ◽  
Lynnell Sage ◽  
Caroline Latona
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Product Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Total Fixation ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This study aims to test the relationship between consumers’ perceptions of product type (utilitarian vs hedonic) and the attentional processes that underlie decision-making among minimally branded products. Design/methodology/approach This study uses eye-tracking measures (i.e. total fixation duration) and data collected through an online survey. Findings The study shows that consumers spend more time looking at hedonic (vs utilitarian) and branded (vs unbranded) products, which influences perceptions of quality. Practical implications The findings of this research provide guidelines for marketing minimally branded products. Originality/value The authors showed that the product type influences the time consumers spend looking at an item. Previous findings about effects of branding are extended to an understudied product category (i.e. live potted plants).

scholarly journals Webcam-based online eye-tracking for behavioral research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaozhi Yang ◽  
Ian Krajbich
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Behavioral Research ◽  
Process Tracing ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Experimental Software ◽  
Validation Procedure ◽  
Tracing Techniques ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Relationship

Experiments are increasingly moving online (especially during the COVID epidemic). This poses a major challenge for researchers who rely on in-lab process-tracing techniques such as eye-tracking. Researchers in computer science have developed a web-based eye-tracking application (WebGazer) (Papoutsaki et al., 2016) but it has yet to see use in behavioral research. This is likely due to the extensive calibration and validation procedure (~50% of the study time) and low/inconsistent temporal resolution (Semmelmann & Weigelt, 2018), as well as the challenge of integrating it into standard experimental software. Here, we incorporate WebGazer with the most widely used JavaScript library among behavioral researchers (jsPsych) and adjust the procedure and code to reduce calibration/validation and dramatically improve the temporal resolution (from 100-1000 ms to 20-30 ms or better). We test our WebGazer/jsPsych combination with a decision-making study on Amazon MTurk. We find little degradation in spatial or temporal resolution over the course of the ~30-minute experiment. We replicate previous in-lab findings on the relationship between gaze dwell time and value-based choice. In summary, we provide an open-source, accessible, software template and tutorial for web-based eye-tracking in behavioral research that is sufficient to replicate in-lab studies with just a modest number of participants (N=38), and that is orders of magnitude faster than in-lab data collection. Moreover, we highlight that web-based eye-tracking is a useful tool for all behavioral researchers, as it can be used to ensure that study participants are humans and not machines.

scholarly journals The relationship between problem size and fixation patterns during addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan T. Curtis ◽  
Matthew G. Huebner ◽  
Jo-Anne LeFevre
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Problem Size ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Simple Arithmetic ◽  
Division Problems ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

Eye-tracking methods have only rarely been used to examine the online cognitive processing that occurs during mental arithmetic on simple arithmetic problems, that is, addition and multiplication problems with single-digit operands (e.g., operands 2 through 9; 2 + 3, 6 x 8) and the inverse subtraction and division problems (e.g., 5 – 3; 48 ÷ 6). Participants (N = 109) solved arithmetic problems from one of the four operations while their eye movements were recorded. We found three unique fixation patterns. During addition and multiplication, participants allocated half of their fixations to the operator and one-quarter to each operand, independent of problem size. The pattern was similar on small subtraction and division problems. However, on large subtraction problems, fixations were distributed approximately evenly across the three stimulus components. On large division problems, over half of the fixations occurred on the left operand, with the rest distributed between the operation sign and the right operand. We discuss the relations between these eye tracking patterns and other research on the differences in processing across arithmetic operations.

Using eye-tracking to examine the role of first and second language glosses

2020 ◽  
pp. 136216882092856
Author(s):  
Hyeonah Kang ◽  
Soo-Ok Kweon ◽  
Sungmook Choi
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Vocabulary Test ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Reading Behaviors ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
The Relationship

This study employs eye-tracking to investigate how first (L1) and second language (L2) glosses affect lexical uptake and reading behaviors in L2 learners of English. The study also explores the relationship between lexical uptake and reading behaviors as a function of gloss type. To investigate this, 81 Korean university students were asked to read a baseline passage with no gloss or the same passage with glosses in the study’s L1 (Korean) or L2 (English). Their eye movements were recorded with an eye tracker as they read, and they were subsequently asked to respond to two vocabulary tests. Analyses of eye-tracking data and vocabulary test scores revealed that the presence or absence of L1 and L2 glosses might produce differences in lexical uptake and dissimilar attentional mechanisms. For instance, the study found that L1 and L2 glosses failed to significantly enhance the acquisition of visual word forms, whereas both types of glosses were significantly effective in consolidating form–meaning associations. Additionally, correlation analyses indicated that the relationship between reading behaviors and lexical acquisition might differ depending on gloss type. Ultimately, our findings provide a more comprehensive picture of L1 and L2 gloss effects, and have significant implications for L2 pedagogy.

scholarly journals On the Relationship between Eye Tracking Resolution and Performance of Oculomotoric Biometric Identification

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 2088-2097
Author(s):  
Paul Prasse ◽  
Lena A. Jäger ◽  
Silvia Makowski ◽  
Moritz Feuerpfeil ◽  
Tobias Scheffer
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Biometric Identification ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship
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