Haematogenous osteomyelitis: clinical presentation and outcome in three dogs

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rabillard ◽  
L. Souchu ◽  
G. W. Niebauer ◽  
O. Gauthier
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pelvic Abscess ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Diagnostic Investigation ◽  
Pathological Fractures ◽  
Surgical Biopsy ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Haematogenous Osteomyelitis

SummaryHaematogenous osteomyelitis is a rare form of bone infection in adult dogs. Most commonly the infection is iatrogenic or traumatic in origin. The authors report three different presentations of haematogenous osteomyelitis: a focal pelvic localisation in a growing dog, a vertebral lesion in an adult dog with associated neurological signs and a multifocal affection in another adult dog with concomitant pathological fractures.Clinical signs included pyrexia of undetermined origin, focal pain and lameness. Diagnostic investigation included radiographic imaging, bone scintigraphy, magnetic resonance imaging, surgical biopsy, and bacteriological culture with sensitivity testing of biopsy specimens as well as of peripheral blood samples. Treatment consisted of long-term antimicrobial therapy and surgical debridement with curettage of the pelvic abscess of the young dog and decompressive hemilaminectomy of the second dog, with excellent recovery. The dog affected by polyostotic bone involvement and suffering pathological fractures was euthanatized.Haematogenous osteomyelitis may be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge and may present as a devastating skeletal condition, even in adult dogs, and should be considered amongst the differential diagnoses early on to allow effective treatment.

scholarly journals Radiological evaluation of postoperative osteomyelitis in long bones: Which is the best tool?

2021 ◽  
pp. 175045892096134
Author(s):  
Andrew Kailin Zhou ◽  
Milind Girish ◽  
Azeem Thahir ◽  
Jiang An Lim ◽  
Xiaoyu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Pathological Fractures ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Long Bone Osteomyelitis ◽  
Postoperative Osteomyelitis

Currently, definitive diagnosis of osteomyelitis involves a combination of clinical signs, symptoms, laboratory tests, imaging modalities and cultures from blood, joint or body fluid. Imaging plays a critical role in the osteomyelitis diagnosis. Each of these tests incurs an additional cost to the patient or healthcare system and their use varies according to the preference of the healthcare professional and the healthcare setup. Imaging plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of postoperative long bone osteomyelitis, with the aim of reducing long-term complications such as non-union, amputation and pathological fractures. In this review, we discuss the key findings on different radiological modalities and correlate them with disease pathophysiology. Currently, magnetic resonance imaging is the best available imaging modality due to its sensitivity in detecting early signs of long bone osteomyelitis and high soft tissue resolution. Other modalities such as radio-nuclear medicine, computed tomography and ultrasound have been proved to be useful in different clinical scenarios as described in this narrative review.

Aseptic Suppurative Meningitis in Juvenile Boxer Dogs: Retrospective Study of 12 Cases

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastien Behr ◽  
Laurent Cauzinille
Keyword(s):  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Central Nervous System Inflammation ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Boxer Dogs

Immune-mediated central nervous system inflammation is described in a series of 12 juvenile boxer dogs. A diagnosis of steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis was made based on the clinical presentation and on diagnostic findings. The boxer breed was at a higher risk for this inflammatory condition than other breeds. Long-term follow-up (>2 years) confirmed a better prognosis in this breed than in the beagle and the Bernese mountain dog. Complete resolution of clinical signs without significant deficits or recurrences was obtained in all cases. Early clinical recognition and immunosuppressive treatment resulted in a better response and complete resolution of the disorder.

scholarly journals Canine and Feline Cutaneous Lymphocytosis: Reactive Process or Indolent Neoplastic Disease?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Albanese ◽  
Francesca Abramo ◽  
Michele Marino ◽  
Maria Massaro ◽  
Laura Marconato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Median Overall Survival ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Dermal Infiltrate

Cutaneous lymphocytosis (CL) is an uncommon and controversial lymphoproliferative disorder described in dogs and cats. CL is generally characterized by a heterogeneous clinical presentation and histological features that may overlap with epitheliotropic lymphoma. Therefore, its neoplastic or reactive nature is still debated. Here, we describe clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and clonality features of a retrospective case series of 19 cats and 10 dogs with lesions histologically compatible with CL. In both species, alopecia, erythema and scales were the most frequent clinical signs. Histologically, a dermal infiltrate of small to medium-sized lymphocytes, occasionally extending to the subcutis, was always identified. Conversely, when present, epitheliotropism was generally mild. In cats, the infiltrate was consistently CD3+; in dogs, a mixture of CD3+ and CD20+ lymphocytes was observed only in 4 cases. The infiltrate was polyclonal in all cats, while BCR and TCR clonal rearrangements were identified in dogs. Overall, cats had a long-term survival (median overall survival=1080 days) regardless of the treatment received, while dogs showed a shorter and variable clinical course, with no evident associations with clinicopathological features. In conclusion, our results support a reactive nature of the disease in cats, associated with prolonged survival; despite a similar histological picture, canine CL was associated with a more heterogeneous lymphocytic infiltrate, clonality results, and response to treatment.

Long-term outcomes of lumbar microdiscectomy in the pediatric population: a large single-institution case series

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-557
Author(s):  
Malia McAvoy ◽  
Heather J. McCrea ◽  
Vamsidhar Chavakula ◽  
Hoon Choi ◽  
Wenya Linda Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Management ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Single Institution ◽  
The Mean

OBJECTIVEFew studies describe long-term functional outcomes of pediatric patients who have undergone lumbar microdiscectomy (LMD) because of the rarity of pediatric disc herniation and the short follow-up periods. The authors analyzed risk factors, clinical presentation, complications, and functional outcomes of a single-institution series of LMD patients over a 19-year period.METHODSA retrospective case series was conducted of pediatric LMD patients at a large pediatric academic hospital from 1998 to 2017. The authors examined premorbid risk factors, clinical presentation, physical examination findings, type and duration of conservative management, indications for surgical intervention, complications, and postoperative outcomes.RESULTSOver the 19-year study period, 199 patients underwent LMD at the authors’ institution. The mean age at presentation was 16.0 years (range 12–18 years), and 55.8% were female. Of these patients, 70.9% participated in competitive sports, and among those who did not play sports, 65.0% had a body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2. Prior to surgery, conservative management had failed in 98.0% of the patients. Only 3 patients (1.5%) presented with cauda equina syndrome requiring emergent microdiscectomy. Complications included 4 cases of postoperative CSF leak (2.0%), 1 case of a noted intraoperative CSF leak, and 3 cases of wound infection (1.5%). At the first postoperative follow-up appointment, minimal or no pain was reported by 93.3% of patients. The mean time to return to sports was 9.8 weeks. During a mean follow-up duration of 8.2 years, 72.9% of patients did not present again after routine postoperative appointments. The total risk of reoperation was a rate of 7.5% (3.5% of patients underwent reoperation for the same level; 4.5% underwent adjacent-level decompression, and one patient [0.5%] ultimately underwent a fusion).CONCLUSIONSMicrodiscectomy is a safe and effective treatment for long-term relief of pain and return to daily activities among pediatric patients with symptomatic lumbar disc disease in whom conservative management has failed.

Surgical management of choke through oesophagotomy in a buffalo: A case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devasee Borakhatariya ◽  
A. B. Gadara
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Thoracic Inlet ◽  
Cervical Oesophagus ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oesophageal Obstruction ◽  
Large Animals

Oesophageal disorders are relatively uncommon in large animals. Oesophageal obstruction is the most frequently encountered clinical presentation in bovine and it may be intraluminal or extra luminal (Haven, 1990). Intraluminal obstruction or “choke” is the most common abnormality that usually occurs when foreign objects, large feedstuff, medicated boluses, trichobezoars, or oesophageal granuloma lodge in the lumen of the oesophagus. Oesophageal obstructions in bovine commonly occur at the pharynx, the cranial aspect of the cervical oesophagus, the thoracic inlet, or the base of the heart (Choudhary et al., 2010). Diagnosis of such problem depends on the history of eating particular foodstuff and clinical signs as bloat, tenesmus, retching, and salivation

scholarly journals Brain Abscess Caused by Nocardia: Case Report and Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Finger ◽  
Maria Eduarda Conte Gripa ◽  
Tiago Paczko Bozko Cecchini ◽  
Tobias Ludwig do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Rare Clinical Entity ◽  
Brain Abscesses

AbstractNocardia brain abscess is a rare clinical entity, accounting for 2% of all brain abscesses, associated with high morbidity and a mortality rate 3 times higher than brain abscesses caused by other bacteria. Proper investigation and treatment, characterized by a long-term antibiotic therapy, play an important role on the outcome of the patient. The authors describe a case of a patient without neurological comorbidities who developed clinical signs of right occipital lobe impairment and seizures, whose investigation demonstrated brain abscess caused by Nocardia spp. The patient was treated surgically followed by antibiotic therapy with a great outcome after 1 year of follow-up.

scholarly journals A novel de novo DDX3X missense variant in a female with brachycephaly and intellectual disability: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giada Moresco ◽  
Jole Costanza ◽  
Carlo Santaniello ◽  
Ornella Rondinone ◽  
Federico Grilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Missense Variant ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Helicase Domain ◽  
Protein Activity ◽  
Mrna Metabolism ◽  
Pathogenic Variants

Abstract Background De novo pathogenic variants in the DDX3X gene are reported to account for 1–3% of unexplained intellectual disability (ID) in females, leading to the rare disease known as DDX3X syndrome (MRXSSB, OMIM #300958). Besides ID, these patients manifest a variable clinical presentation, which includes neurological and behavioral defects, and abnormal brain MRIs. Case presentation We report a 10-year-old girl affected by delayed psychomotor development, delayed myelination, and polymicrogyria (PMG). We identified a novel de novo missense mutation in the DDX3X gene (c.625C > G) by whole exome sequencing (WES). The DDX3X gene encodes a DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA-helicase broadly implicated in gene expression through regulation of mRNA metabolism. The identified mutation is located just upstream the helicase domain and is suggested to impair the protein activity, thus resulting in the altered translation of DDX3X-dependent mRNAs. The proband, presenting with the typical PMG phenotype related to the syndrome, does not show other clinical signs frequently reported in presence of missense DDX3X mutations that are associated with a most severe clinical presentation. In addition, she has brachycephaly, never described in female DDX3X patients, and macroglossia, that has never been associated with the syndrome. Conclusions This case expands the knowledge of DDX3X pathogenic variants and the associated DDX3X syndrome phenotypic spectrum.

scholarly journals A 7-month inhalation toxicology study in C57BL/6 mice demonstrates reduced pulmonary inflammation and emphysematous changes following smoking cessation or switching to e-vapor products

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239784732199587
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Kumar ◽  
Ulrike Kogel ◽  
Marja Talikka ◽  
Celine Merg ◽  
Emmanuel Guedj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Inhalation Study ◽  
Toxicology Study ◽  
Nasal Tissue ◽  
Product Switching ◽  
The Impact

Cigarette smoking causes serious diseases, including lung cancer, atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. While cessation remains the most effective approach to minimize smoking-related disease, alternative non-combustible tobacco-derived nicotine-containing products may reduce disease risks among those unable or unwilling to quit. E-vapor aerosols typically contain significantly lower levels of smoke-related harmful and potentially harmful constituents; however, health risks of long-term inhalation exposures are unknown. We designed a 7-month inhalation study in C57BL/6 mice to evaluate long-term respiratory toxicity of e-vapor aerosols compared to cigarette smoke and to assess the impact of smoking cessation (Cessation group) or switching to an e-vapor product (Switching group) after 3 months of exposure to 3R4F cigarette smoke (CS). There were no significant changes in in-life observations (body weights, clinical signs) in e-vapor groups compared to the Sham Control. The 3R4F CS group showed reduced respiratory function during exposure and had lower body weight and showed transient signs of distress post-exposure. Following 7 months of exposure, e-vapor aerosols resulted in no or minimal increase in pulmonary inflammation, while exposure to 3R4F CS led to impairment of lung function and caused marked lung inflammation and emphysematous changes. Biological changes observed in the Switching group were similar to the Cessation group. 3R4F CS exposure dysregulated the lung and nasal tissue transcriptome, while these molecular effects were substantially lower in the e-vapor group. Results from this study demonstrate that in comparison with 3R4F CS, e-vapor aerosols induce substantially lower biological responses including pulmonary inflammation and emphysematous changes, and that complete switching from CS to e-vapor products significantly reduces biological changes associated with CS in C57BL/6 mice.

P6461The long-term clinical comparisons of symptomatic patients of pulmonary embolism with and those without deep vein thrombosis: from the COMMAND VTE Registry

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Murata ◽  
Y Yamashita ◽  
T Morimoto ◽  
H Amano ◽  
T Takase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Severe Clinical Presentation ◽  
Recurrent Vte ◽  
Deep Vein

Abstract Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), has significant morbidity and mortality. Acute PE, in particular, is fatal if we miss it, and symptomatic patients of PE sometimes have concomitant DVT. Purpose This study compared the risk of mortality in symptomatic patients of PE with and those without DVT in the long term. Methods The COMMAND VTE Registry is a multicenter registry enrolling consecutive 3027 patients with acute symptomatic VTE objectively confirmed by imaging examination or by autopsy among 29 centers in Japan between January 2010 and August 2014. Patients with both PE and DVT (N=1334) were regarded as PE patients, and the current study population consisted of 1715 PE patients and 1312 DVT patients. Results There were 1203 symptomatic patients of PE, including 381 without and 822 with DVT. In our cohort, the mean age was 67.9±14.9 years, 63% was female, 44% had hypertension, 12% diabetes mellitus, 5% history of VTE. There were 20% of active cancer. Baseline characteristics were well matched except for dyslipidemia (18% vs. 23%, p=0.021) and atrial fibrillation (8% vs. 5%, p=0.045). Patients without DVT had a more severe clinical presentation compared to those with DVT, including hypoxemia, shock and arrest. Moreover, Initial parenteral anticoagulation therapy in the acute phase was administered less frequently in patients without DVT (89% vs. 96%, P=0.0001). Two groups received thrombolysis (20% vs. 26%, P=0.18) and mechanical supports (Ventilator 14% vs. 5%, p<0.001, PCPS 5% vs. 3%, p<0.001, respectively). During follow-up, 93 (8%) patients experienced recurrent VTE events and 98 (8%) major bleeding events, and 323 (27%) patients died. The most frequent cause of death was cancer (11%). There were a significant differences in the cumulative incidences of all-cause death between the groups (32% vs. 24%, P=0.006), whereas there was significant difference in VTE-related death (13% vs. 4%, p<0.001). Estimated freedom rates from death for patients of PE without and those with DVT were as follows: 88% vs 99% at 10-day, 86% vs 95% at 1-month, 75% vs 83% at 1-year, and 64% vs 71% at 5-year, respectively. Landmark analysis Conclusions In symptomatic patients of PE, there was a difference in mortality between groups, but no difference in recurrent VTE. Patients without DVT had a more severe clinical presentation compared to those with DVT, and many VTE-related deaths in the acute phase. The one-month mortality rate differed statistically between groups, but there was no significant difference in long-term survival beyond one month. Most of deaths were due to underlying diseases, mainly cancer, and less commonly due to VTE in the long term. Acknowledgement/Funding Research Institute for Production Development, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation

scholarly journals Laryngeal stent for acute and chronic respiratory distress in seven dogs with laryngeal paralysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cecilia Ricart ◽  
Sergio Martín Rodríguez ◽  
Roberto Miguel Duré
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Laryngeal Function ◽  
Laryngeal Stenosis ◽  
Laryngeal Paralysis ◽  
Silicone Stent

Background: Laryngeal paralysis, failure of arytenoid cartilage, and vocal fold abduction are commonly seen in older medium to large breed dogs. Observation of laryngeal function in dogs and cats is performed by transoral visualization. There are a variety of surgical techniques; aspiration pneumonia is the most common complication associated with surgical correction of laryngeal paralysis. The aim of this case series is to report on the placement of a laryngeal silicone stent in seven dogs with laryngeal paralysis and its use as an alternative treatment of respiratory distress caused by laryngeal paralysis and/or its use for laryngeal stenosis as complication of laryngeal paralysis surgery.Case description: Seven dogs presented with either episode of gagging, mild-to-severe inspiratory distress, or cyanosis because of a laryngeal paralysis or laryngeal stenosis. In each case, the laryngeal paralysis was diagnosed by direct laryngoscopy. They were treated with a silicone laryngeal stent (Stening®) that substantially improved the clinical signs. Each dog had a different outcome because of other pathologies; however, the laryngeal pathology was successfully treated with the stent.Conclusion: The placement of the laryngeal stent is an easy technique to learn and practice, it could avoid the lifethreatening complications of the laryngeal paralysis at the acute phase, and it could be a noninvasive and long-term alternative therapy for laryngeal paralysis in dogs. The results in these clinical cases are encouraging for considering the laryngeal stent as a therapeutic alternative. Key words: Canine, Polyneuropathy, Prosthesis, Surgery.

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