scholarly journals The cytotoxicity, anti-inflammation, anti-nociceptive and oral ulcer healing properties of coconut shell liquid smoke

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-467
Author(s):  
Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo ◽  
Fatma Yasmin Mahdani ◽  
Nurina Febriyanti Ayuningtyas ◽  
Arvind Babu Rajendran Santosh ◽  
Diah Savitri Ernawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcer Healing ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Oral Ulcer ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Rat Paw Edema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Introduction: Coconut shell liquid smoke (CS-LS) from Cocos nucifera L. has been traditionally used by Indonesians as a natural preservative. Besides that, liquid smoke is also used as a medicine to treat various types of wounds. During the storage, liquid smoke resulting from pyrolysis is still questionable in relation to the oxidation process and changes in its properties and potentials. We observed the physical characteristics, components, toxicity, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive properties, and effect in oral ulcer healing of CS-LS. Methods: Acidity was analyzed using a digital pH meter, density test was analyzed using a pycnometer, and the components were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Eight concentrations of CS-LS (1%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, and 14%) were tested on baby hamster kidney (BHK21) for the extract toxicity, carrageenan-induced rat paw edema for its anti-inflammatory properties, hot-plate test for its anti-nociceptive, and traumatized labial fornix incisive inferior for its oral ulcer healing. Results: The acidity of CS-LS was 2.296 and the density was 1.0102 g/mL. The major components analyzed were phenol (32.75%), 2-methoxy-phenol (17.45%), and furfural (13.09%). The CS-LS 100% and CS-LS 8% were the optimum concentrations for maintaining the BHK21 and increasing the number of fibroblasts in oral ulcer healing. The CS-LS 100% showed potent anti-nociceptive ability compared to other concentrations (P = 0.001), but not for the anti-inflammation properties. Conclusion: CS-LS is a promising natural herb for oral medicine, especially oral ulcer medicine.

scholarly journals Potential of Distilled Liquid Smoke Derived from Coconut (Cocos nucifera L) Shell for Traumatic Ulcer Healing in Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo ◽  
Ira Arundina ◽  
Retno Pudji Rahayu ◽  
Dieni Mansur ◽  
Taufan Bramantoro
Keyword(s):  
Ulcer Healing ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L

Abstract Objective Distilled liquid smoke (DLS) is a result of coconut processing by-product that not only serves as a natural food preservative but also has a promising therapeutic effect. The healing potential of DLS derived from coconut (Cocos nucifera L) shell was investigated on a traumatic ulcer with the diabetic rat. Materials and Methods DLS was analyzed the component by gas chromatograph mass spectrometry. Diabetic condition was induced by alloxan in 55 male Wistar rats. Ten mm of traumatic ulcer was made along the labial fornix incisive inferior after the diabetic condition was confirmed. Then DLS coconut shell, benzydamine hydrochloride, and sterile distilled water were applied topically for 3, 5, and 7 days. The potential healing was evaluated based on the expression of nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) on macrophages using immunohistochemical staining and the amount of collagen using Masson Trichome staining. The difference between each group was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. The least significant difference test is used to determine the significant difference (p < 0.05). Results The major compounds found were phenol (36.6%), 2-methoxyphenol (guaiacol) (25.2%), furfural (17.8%), and 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol (3.5%) with 28 other minor constituents. The lowest NFκB and TNF-α expression on macrophage was observed by topical application of DLS derived from coconut shell for 3, 5, and 7 days of treatment. The amount of collagen was increased and indicated by the highest result of DLS compared to others. Conclusion The DLS derived from coconut (Cocos nucifera L) shell was able to improve traumatic ulcer healing in a person with diabetes.

scholarly journals Distilled liquid smoke coconut shell attenuates the cytokine profile of macrophages in oral ulcer in experimental model of diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro ◽  
Ernawati Diah Savitri ◽  
Radithia Desiana ◽  
Soebadi Bagus ◽  
Mahdani Fatma Yasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Cytokine Profile ◽  
Oral Ulcer ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Liquid Smoke

Anti-Inflammatory, Antipyretic and Analgesic Potential of Zilla spinosa in Animal Model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riaz Ullah ◽  
Abdelaaty A Shahat ◽  
Ali S Alqahtani ◽  
Omer Mohammed Almarfad ◽  
Mohammad Sayer M Alharbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Tail Flick Test ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Rat Paw Edema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Analgesic Activities

The anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic activities of two concentrations (250 and 500 mg/kg) of the chloroform and butanol fractions of Zilla spinosa were determined. The carrageenan-induced rat paw edema assay was exercised for assessing the anti-inflammatory activity in rats, yeast-induced hyperthermia was utilized to assess the antipyretic activity in mice and the analgesic activity was measured by three different methods (hot-plate test model in mice, tail flick test in mice and acetic acid-induced writhing in mice). The antioxidant activity was studied by using the DPPH assay. The chloroform fraction of the methanol extract of Z. spinosa (ZSC) demonstrated the maximum inhibition of inflammation (50% at 500 mg/kg; 44% at 250 mg/kg). The chloroform fraction showed significant antipyretic activities (p andlt; 0.001 at 500 mg/kg) after 60 and 120 min of administration. ZSC also exhibited significant analgesic activity (p andlt;0.001). The butanol fraction (ZSB) was inactive in all the biological screening assays.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of a Geissospermum vellosii stem bark fraction

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÉLIA A. LIMA ◽  
THIAGO W.R. COSTA ◽  
LEANDRO L. SILVA ◽  
ANA LUÍSA P. MIRANDA ◽  
ANGELO C. PINTO
Keyword(s):  
Formalin Test ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Rat Paw Edema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Rat Paw ◽  
Abdominal Constriction

ABSTRACT Geissospermum vellosii (Pao pereira) is a Brazilian tree whose stem barks are rich in indole alkaloids that present intense anticholinesterase activity. The present study evaluated the effects of a stem bark fraction (PPAC fraction) and ethanolic extract (EE) of Pao pereira in classic murine models of inflammation and pain. The EE and PPAC fraction, both at a dose of 30 mg/kg, significantly reduced mice abdominal constriction induced by acetic acid by 34.8% and 47.5%, respectively. In the formalin test, EE (30 mg/kg) and PPAC fraction (30 and 60 mg/kg) inhibited only the second phase, by 82.8%, 84.9% and 100%, respectively. Compared with indomethacin, similar doses of EE or PPAC fraction were approximately twice as effective in causing antinociception. PPAC fraction was not effective in the hot plate test but reduced the inflammatory response at the second (50.6%) and third (57.8%) hours of rat paw edema induced by carrageenan. Antihyperalgesic activity was observed within 30 min with a peak at 2 h (60.1%). These results demonstrate that compounds in PPAC fraction have anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity by a mechanism apparently unrelated to the opioid system. Regardless of similar responses to indomethacin, the effects of PPAC fraction are mainly attributed to acetylcholine actions.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN ASAP CAIR DARI LIMBAH KAYU SUREN (Toona sureni), SABUT KELAPA DAN TEMPURUNG KELAPA (Cocos nucifera Linn)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Yefrida ◽  
Yani Kasuma Putri ◽  
Richi Silvianti ◽  
Novita Lucia ◽  
Refilda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Methyl Acetate ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Simple Processing ◽  
Main Component

  ABSTRACT The waste of red cedar wood, coconut husk and coconut shell has not been well used. They had been used as traditional cooking fuel and also direct food smoking process by community, but they still had several disadvantages. Those could be treated by the simple processing, they can produce new high economics product. In this research, the use of waste red cedar wood, coconut husk and coconut shell as resources of liquid smoke by pyrolization followed by condensation has investigated. Liquid smoke is condensates of smoke which have experienced storage and screening to separate the tar and particulate matter.   Liquid smoke that was produced were different in color and smells, light brown and smells of smoke of red cedar wood burn, blackness of brown and smells like burning smoke of coconut husk and brown with smelled like the smoke of burned coconut shell. The pH of liquid smoke of red cedar wood was 3.34, liquid smoke of coconut husk is 3.48 and liquid smoke of coconut shell was 3.21, where its value was influenced by the component of acid which were the biggest component in coconut shell liquid smoke. The result of characterization using GC/MS indicated that there were 27 compounds and the main component of liquid smoke of red cedar wood is acetic acid (45.17%), 2-propanone (15.75%), 1-hidroxy-2-propanone (7.36%), furfural (5.50%) and phenol (4.17%), 27 compounds with the main component of liquid smoke of coconut husk is acetic acid (42.00 %), phenol (25.99%), 2-propanone (7.04%), furfural (4.06%) and guaiacol (3.32%), and 37 compounds with the main component of coconut shell liquid smoke are acetic acid (51.99%), phenol (19.90%), methyl acetate (5.37%), furfural (4.56%), hydroxyl acetone (2.90%), guaiacol (2.62%) and syringol (1.85%).  Keywords: waste red cedar wood, coconut husk, coconut shell, liquid smoke,  GC/MS

scholarly journals Analgesic effect of coconut shell (Cocos nucifera L) liquid smoke on mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meircurius Dwi C.S ◽  
Tantiana Tantiana ◽  
Ira Arundina
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L

scholarly journals Antioxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Leucas cephalotes (Roxb.ex Roth) Spreng

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhukya Baburao ◽  
Anreddy Rama Narsimha Reddy ◽  
Gangarapu Kiran ◽  
Yellu Narsimha Reddy ◽  
Gottumukkala Krishna Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Rat Paw Edema ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Rat Paw

The whole plant of the methanolic extract from Leucas cephalotes was screened for invitro antioxidant (using the DPPH method), invivo analgesic (using hot plate test in mice) and anti-inflammatory (using rat paw edema test) activities. The methanolic extract of Leucas cephalotes (MELC) scavenged the DPPH radicals in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 value to scavenge DPPH radicals was found to be 421.3µg/ml. A significant (p<0.0005) analgesic activity was observed at 60 min with 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg exhibited maximum activity. The maximum anti-inflammatory response was produced at 3 hr and 2 hr with doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. These results suggest that the methanolic extract from Leucas cephalotes exerts significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, which were comparable with standard drugs.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Anti-Inflammatory, and Analgesic Activities of Derivatives of 4-Hydroxy-2-benzoxazolone

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Guangjin Zheng ◽  
Tieyu Chen ◽  
Xing Peng ◽  
Shengjing Long
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Primary Amines ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Rat Paw Edema ◽  
Electrophilic Reagents ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Analgesic Activities ◽  
Rat Paw ◽  
Derivatives Of

Benzoxazolones are widely distributed in plants and are of increasing interest for a variety of pharmacological properties, such as detoxification, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities and tranquilizers (Michaelidou and Hadjipavlou-Litina, 2005; Doğruer et al., 1998). 4-Hydroxy-2-benzoxazolone (HBOA) is one of the major bioactive compounds in traditional Chinese herb drugAcanthus ilicifolius  (Peng and Long, 2006) which has obvious anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities (Huo et al., 2004; Mani Senthil Kumar et al., 2008; Babu et al., 2001). In this research, we used 2-nitroresorcinol as starting material to prepare HBOA with a novel “one-pot-way.” Derivatives of HBOA TC-2∼TC-4 were obtained via electrophilic reagents and reacted with corresponding primary amines to afford Schiff Base derivatives TC-5∼TC-10 for further study. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of those derivatives were determined by using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema test. The analgesic activities of the derivatives were determined by the hot-plate test.

scholarly journals Role of Inflammatory Cell Responses in Stimulating Fibroblasts in Diabetic Oral Ulcer after Treatment with Liquid Smoke of Coconut Endocarp: A Histological Assessment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diah Savitri Ernawati ◽  
Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo ◽  
Nurina Febriyanti Ayuningtyas ◽  
Ayu Anggraini Broto Nagoro
Keyword(s):  
Ulcer Healing ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Oral Ulcer ◽  
Histological Assessment ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Diabetic Model ◽  
Ulcer Model ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Abstract Objective The liquid smoke of coconut endocarp (LS-CE) contains high antioxidants that promote oral ulcer healing in diabetics. This study reveals the profile of inflammatory cell responses to oral ulcer healing in diabetics under treatment with LS-CE. Materials and Methods A diabetic model was induced with alloxan. Treatment with LS-CE was performed on oral ulcer at a dose of 1 μL/g weight for 3, 5, and 7 days. The anti-inflammatory effect was tested on animal’s oral ulcer model by measuring the inflammatory cell responses of the neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts through histological assessment. Results The LS-CE stimulated the healing by simultaneously increasing the inflammatory cell responses. The numbers of neutrophils, macrophages, and fibroblasts after treatment for 7 days are higher than that after 3 days and 5 days (p < 0.01), but not for neutrophils. The LS-CE shows increase in the fibroblasts by hastening responses of macrophage recruitment by five times, but not neutrophil and lymphocyte recruitment. The higher phenolic compounds in LS-CE are responsible for increase in the proliferation of fibroblasts, as it hastens cellular responses of macrophages. Conclusions The application of LS-CE enables hastening of the healing of diabetic oral ulcer by stimulating the macrophages.

Characterization of Waste into Liquid Smoke from Wood Powder and Coconut Shell (Cocos nucifera)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Ermaya
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Coconut Milk ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Wood Powder ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Carbon Compounds ◽  
Shell Waste

Liquid smoke is the result of condensation or condensation from the steam resulting from pyrolysis (combustion). From ingredients that contain lotsof lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and carbon compounds which can be used as preservatives. Sawdust and coconut shell are sawdust, which is waste from the remains of refining wood on furniture and market waste from coconuts which are taken from coconut milk and oil. Both contain cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, these ingredients can be made into liquid smoke. The purpose of this study was to utilize sawdust and shell waste as liquid smoke which could be applied to the pickling and clumping industry. Making liquid smoke is done using a pyrolysis device. The liquid smoke formed is filtered. Then the yield was calculated and analyzed the quality of the liquid smoke, namely specific gravity, pH, and color. The results showed that the yield of sawdust was higher than coconut shell, namely 45.09%. And the resulting color is better sawdust.

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