PEMBUATAN ASAP CAIR DARI LIMBAH KAYU SUREN (Toona sureni), SABUT KELAPA DAN TEMPURUNG KELAPA (Cocos nucifera Linn)

ABSTRACT The waste of red cedar wood, coconut husk and coconut shell has not been well used. They had been used as traditional cooking fuel and also direct food smoking process by community, but they still had several disadvantages. Those could be treated by the simple processing, they can produce new high economics product. In this research, the use of waste red cedar wood, coconut husk and coconut shell as resources of liquid smoke by pyrolization followed by condensation has investigated. Liquid smoke is condensates of smoke which have experienced storage and screening to separate the tar and particulate matter. Liquid smoke that was produced were different in color and smells, light brown and smells of smoke of red cedar wood burn, blackness of brown and smells like burning smoke of coconut husk and brown with smelled like the smoke of burned coconut shell. The pH of liquid smoke of red cedar wood was 3.34, liquid smoke of coconut husk is 3.48 and liquid smoke of coconut shell was 3.21, where its value was influenced by the component of acid which were the biggest component in coconut shell liquid smoke. The result of characterization using GC/MS indicated that there were 27 compounds and the main component of liquid smoke of red cedar wood is acetic acid (45.17%), 2-propanone (15.75%), 1-hidroxy-2-propanone (7.36%), furfural (5.50%) and phenol (4.17%), 27 compounds with the main component of liquid smoke of coconut husk is acetic acid (42.00 %), phenol (25.99%), 2-propanone (7.04%), furfural (4.06%) and guaiacol (3.32%), and 37 compounds with the main component of coconut shell liquid smoke are acetic acid (51.99%), phenol (19.90%), methyl acetate (5.37%), furfural (4.56%), hydroxyl acetone (2.90%), guaiacol (2.62%) and syringol (1.85%). Keywords: waste red cedar wood, coconut husk, coconut shell, liquid smoke, GC/MS

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Potential of Distilled Liquid Smoke Derived from Coconut (Cocos nucifera L) Shell for Traumatic Ulcer Healing in Diabetic Rats

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1693527 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (02) ◽

pp. 271-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo ◽

Ira Arundina ◽

Retno Pudji Rahayu ◽

Dieni Mansur ◽

Taufan Bramantoro

Keyword(s):

Ulcer Healing ◽

Cocos Nucifera ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Diabetic Rat ◽

Natural Food ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Liquid Smoke ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cocos Nucifera L

Abstract Objective Distilled liquid smoke (DLS) is a result of coconut processing by-product that not only serves as a natural food preservative but also has a promising therapeutic effect. The healing potential of DLS derived from coconut (Cocos nucifera L) shell was investigated on a traumatic ulcer with the diabetic rat. Materials and Methods DLS was analyzed the component by gas chromatograph mass spectrometry. Diabetic condition was induced by alloxan in 55 male Wistar rats. Ten mm of traumatic ulcer was made along the labial fornix incisive inferior after the diabetic condition was confirmed. Then DLS coconut shell, benzydamine hydrochloride, and sterile distilled water were applied topically for 3, 5, and 7 days. The potential healing was evaluated based on the expression of nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) on macrophages using immunohistochemical staining and the amount of collagen using Masson Trichome staining. The difference between each group was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. The least significant difference test is used to determine the significant difference (p < 0.05). Results The major compounds found were phenol (36.6%), 2-methoxyphenol (guaiacol) (25.2%), furfural (17.8%), and 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol (3.5%) with 28 other minor constituents. The lowest NFκB and TNF-α expression on macrophage was observed by topical application of DLS derived from coconut shell for 3, 5, and 7 days of treatment. The amount of collagen was increased and indicated by the highest result of DLS compared to others. Conclusion The DLS derived from coconut (Cocos nucifera L) shell was able to improve traumatic ulcer healing in a person with diabetes.

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Analgesic effect of coconut shell (Cocos nucifera L) liquid smoke on mice

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v45.i3.p156-160 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 156 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Meircurius Dwi C.S ◽

Tantiana Tantiana ◽

Ira Arundina

Keyword(s):

Analgesic Effect ◽

Cocos Nucifera ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Liquid Smoke ◽

Cocos Nucifera L

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The cytotoxicity, anti-inflammation, anti-nociceptive and oral ulcer healing properties of coconut shell liquid smoke

Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology ◽

10.34172/jhp.2021.53 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 459-467

Author(s):

Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo ◽

Fatma Yasmin Mahdani ◽

Nurina Febriyanti Ayuningtyas ◽

Arvind Babu Rajendran Santosh ◽

Diah Savitri Ernawati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ulcer Healing ◽

Cocos Nucifera ◽

Oral Ulcer ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Hot Plate Test ◽

Liquid Smoke ◽

Rat Paw Edema ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Anti Inflammation

Introduction: Coconut shell liquid smoke (CS-LS) from Cocos nucifera L. has been traditionally used by Indonesians as a natural preservative. Besides that, liquid smoke is also used as a medicine to treat various types of wounds. During the storage, liquid smoke resulting from pyrolysis is still questionable in relation to the oxidation process and changes in its properties and potentials. We observed the physical characteristics, components, toxicity, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive properties, and effect in oral ulcer healing of CS-LS. Methods: Acidity was analyzed using a digital pH meter, density test was analyzed using a pycnometer, and the components were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Eight concentrations of CS-LS (1%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, and 14%) were tested on baby hamster kidney (BHK21) for the extract toxicity, carrageenan-induced rat paw edema for its anti-inflammatory properties, hot-plate test for its anti-nociceptive, and traumatized labial fornix incisive inferior for its oral ulcer healing. Results: The acidity of CS-LS was 2.296 and the density was 1.0102 g/mL. The major components analyzed were phenol (32.75%), 2-methoxy-phenol (17.45%), and furfural (13.09%). The CS-LS 100% and CS-LS 8% were the optimum concentrations for maintaining the BHK21 and increasing the number of fibroblasts in oral ulcer healing. The CS-LS 100% showed potent anti-nociceptive ability compared to other concentrations (P = 0.001), but not for the anti-inflammation properties. Conclusion: CS-LS is a promising natural herb for oral medicine, especially oral ulcer medicine.

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Proses Ekstraksi Asam Asetat dari Distilat Asap Cair Tempurung Kelapa Menggunakan Pelarut Etil Asetat

Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ◽

10.32734/jtk.v8i2.1964 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 90-98

Author(s):

Rory Faham Partogi Siregar ◽

Erni Misran ◽

Iman Tri Cahyadi

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Acid Content ◽

Raw Material ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Liquid Smoke ◽

Boiling Points ◽

Acid Recovery ◽

Pyrolysis Of Biomass

Coconut shell is one of the most widely found biomass in Indonesia. It has potential to be utilized as raw material in producing liquid smoke. Liquid smoke is a distillate from pyrolysis of biomass. The distillate contains various compounds including acetic acid. This research is important to understand the effect of combined distillation and extraction on liquid smoke purificatian in obtaining acetic acid. The variation of solvent to feed ratio (2:1, 4:1, 6:1, dan 8:1) and temperature of extraction (30, 50, dan 70 °C) to obtain yield, acetic acid content, pH, and density which is the best among those of possible variable given. The objective of distillation is to separate the components with high boiling points such as tar. The main purpose of extraction is acetic acid recovery in order to obtain higher content of acetic acid in extract. The solvent in the process of extracting acetic acid is ethyl acetate. GC-MS analysis was also performed on this research to show composition of acetic acid from liquid smoke, distillate, and extract, which are all the composition of polar organic are also shown.

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Characterization of Waste into Liquid Smoke from Wood Powder and Coconut Shell (Cocos nucifera)

Serambi Journal of Agricultural Technology ◽

10.32672/sjat.v2i2.2414 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Dewi Ermaya

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Cocos Nucifera ◽

Coconut Milk ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Wood Powder ◽

Liquid Smoke ◽

Carbon Compounds ◽

Shell Waste

Liquid smoke is the result of condensation or condensation from the steam resulting from pyrolysis (combustion). From ingredients that contain lotsof lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and carbon compounds which can be used as preservatives. Sawdust and coconut shell are sawdust, which is waste from the remains of refining wood on furniture and market waste from coconuts which are taken from coconut milk and oil. Both contain cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, these ingredients can be made into liquid smoke. The purpose of this study was to utilize sawdust and shell waste as liquid smoke which could be applied to the pickling and clumping industry. Making liquid smoke is done using a pyrolysis device. The liquid smoke formed is filtered. Then the yield was calculated and analyzed the quality of the liquid smoke, namely specific gravity, pH, and color. The results showed that the yield of sawdust was higher than coconut shell, namely 45.09%. And the resulting color is better sawdust.

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High Potential of Liquid Smoke from Coconut Shell (Cocos nucifera) for Biological Control of Rice Bug (Leptocorisa oratorius Fabricius)

Journal of Tropical Life Science ◽

10.11594/jtls.11.01.11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 85-91

Author(s):

Zulfaidah Gama ◽

◽

Rizky Purnama ◽

Dewi Melani ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cocos Nucifera ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Antifeedant Activity ◽

Liquid Smoke ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Rice Bug ◽

High Concentrations ◽

One Way Anova ◽

Leptocorisa Oratorius ◽

Local Farmers

Rice bug (Leptocorisa oracorius F) is one of the most dangerous pests for paddy commodities (Oryza sativa) in the world. The use of liquid smoke was popular among local farmers to control rice bug. A coconut shell is the main source for making liquid smoke. This research aims to analyse rice bugs' mortality and antifeedant activity when dipped with coconut shell liquid smoke. The liquid smoke's effectiveness was measured by dipping paddy (5 grams in weight) that is previously soaked with coconut shell liquid for 20 seconds. The liquid smoke was prepared in various concentrations, ranging from 0% as a control; 0.50%; 0.75%; 1%; 1.25% and 1,50%. Observations were made at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 hours. Data analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA test, using SPSS program followed by a 0.05 Tukey test to determine the significance of the rice bug pest mortality. The study resulted that the mortality values from low concentrations to high concentrations were 40%, 46.67%, 60%, 70%, and 80% over seven days. The antifeedant percentage of liquid smoke increased from low concentrations to high concentrations respectively were 10.14%, 15.15%, 31.03%, 46.15%, and 68.88% during seven days. The concentration of liquid smoke that has the highest mortality was 1.50%. In conclusion, 1.50% of liquid smoke showed the highest percentage of mortality and antifeedant activity with 80% and 68.88%, respectively. In the future, it is hoped to develop this model for commercial consumption and reduce reliance on chemicals to control rice bugs. The use of pesticides can do more harm than good, especially to the environmental system

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Karakterisasi Komponen Aktif Asap Cair Cangkang Sawit Hasil Pemurnian

Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri ◽

10.26578/jrti.v9i1.1705 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 64-72

Author(s):

Fauziati Fauziati ◽

Eldha Sampepana

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽

Activated Charcoal ◽

Oil Refining ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Active Components ◽

Liquid Smoke ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic

Palm shell liquid smoke obtained by pyrolysis and redestilasi still produce a pungent smoke flavor and color of yellow to brownish yellow so that the necessary research purification of smoke that can be used as ingredients other than preservatives, such as antiseptic hand wash. The research objective is to reduce the stinging liquid smoke aroma, color is tawny and to identify the characterization of the active components of liquid smoke shell oil refining results in Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The purification process of liquid smoke with redistilled at a temperature of 2000C and by adding 4.5% zeolite adsorbent made three (3) times the resulting liquid smoke of distillate and residue. Liquid smoke produced from distillate and residue are added activated charcoal as much as 9%, 10.5% and 12%, then stirred with a shaker subsequently allowed to stand for 6 days and 10 days The results of the study showed that liquid smoke purification results of the residue by the addition of activated charcoal as 12% and the time saved for 10 days (A2B2C3) gives flavor and color by 1.94 of 1.84 is odorless, yellowish white color and clarity. While the characteristics of the active components of purification results are predominantly acetic acid and phenol compounds of residues that serve as preservatives, antibacterial and antioxidant compounds while PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon), namely tar, benzoperen, gualakol and siringoll (aroma causes) undetectedABSTRAKAsap cair cangkang sawit yang diperoleh melalui proses pirolisis dan redestilasi masih menghasilkan aroma asap menyengat dan warna kuning hingga kuning kecoklatan sehingga diperlukan penelitian pemurnian asap yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan lain selain pengawet, seperti antiseptik pencuci tangan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengurangi aroma asap cair yang menyengat, warna yang masih kuning kecoklatan dan untuk mengidentifikasi karakterisasi komponen aktif asap cair cangkang sawit hasil pemurnian secara Kromatografi Gas Spektrometri Massa (GC-MS). Proses pemurnian asap cair dengan redistilasi pada suhu 2000C dan dengan menambahkan adsorben zeolit 4,5% yang dilakukan sebanyak 3 (tiga) kali dihasilkan asap cair dari Destilat dan Residu . Asap cair yang dihasilkan dari destilat dan residu ditambahkan arang aktif sebanyak 9%,10,5% dan 12% kemudian diaduk dengan shaker selanjutnya didiamkan selama 6 hari dan 10 hari .Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asap cair hasil pemurnian dari residu dengan penambahan arang aktif sebanyak 12% dan waktu simpan selama 10 hari ( A2B2C3 ) memberikan aroma sebesar 1,94 dan warna sebesar 1,84 adalah tidak berbau , warna putih kekuningan dan jernih . Sedangkan karakteristik komponen aktif hasil pemurnian yang paling dominan adalah senyawa acetic acid dan phenol dari residu yang berfungsi sebagai bahan pengawet, antibakteri dan antioksidan sedangkan senyawa PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon) yaitu tar, benzoperen, gualakol dan siringoll ( penyebab aroma ) tidak terdeteksi . Kata kunci : asap cair, cangkang sawit, komponen aktif, pemurnian, redestilasi

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