Assessment of surface roughness changes on orthodontic acrylic resin by all-in-one spray disinfectant solutions

Background. The disinfection of orthodontic acrylic resins might change the physical and mechanicalproperties of these materials. We aimed to investigate the impact of four different commercially availabledisinfectants on the surface roughness of acrylic resins used for orthodontic appliances. Methods. Four disinfectant solutions (BirexSE, Opti-Cide3, COEfect MinuteSpray, and CaviCideSpray) were used to disinfect orthodontic acrylic resins using the spraying method. The resins weresubjected to repeated disinfection protocols. Distilled water, also applied via spraying method, was usedas a control. Surface roughness was scrutinized to examine the extent of surface topography changes bystylus profilometry. Data normality was evaluated via the Shapiro–Wilk test, followed by the WilcoxonSigned-Rank test for non-parametric data or paired Student’s t-test for parametric data to compareintra-group differences in roughness before and after the use of the disinfectant solutions. Results. Some of the disinfectants (BirexSE and CaviCide) resulted in significant changes in surfaceroughness values before and after the disinfection compared to the controls (P<0.05). The groups thatwere in contact with distilled water, Opti-Cide, and Coeffect did not exhibit significant differences insurface roughness before and after the intervention (P>0.05). However, from a clinical perspective, theresulting variations in surface roughness (<%0.15) induced by these solutions might not reflect clinicallysignificant differences. Conclusion. The use of disinfectant solutions is unlikely to harm the surface of orthodontic acrylic resins.Oral care providers need to be attentive to the interpretation and implementation of clinically significantchanges in their evidence-based approach regarding potential material damages by disinfection sprays.

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The Effect of Bleach Liquid and Household Cleaner on Surface Hardness and Roughness of Acrylic Base of Orthodontic Appliances

Journal of Isfahan Dental School ◽

10.18502/ijds.v17i2.6876 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Saeed Noorollahian ◽

Farinaz Shirban ◽

Vahid Mojiri

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Hydrochloric Acid ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Acrylic Resin ◽

Liquid Sodium ◽

P Value ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Acrylic Resins ◽

Significant Difference

Introduction: The daily use of orthodontic removable plates can interfere with the self-cleansing function of the mouth. Although various techniques have been proposed for cleaning removable orthodontic appliances, there is no consensus on the use of a safe method that preserves the physical properties of the appliance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of using hydrochloric acid (10%, for removal of mineral deposits) and sodium hypochlorite (5.25%, to remove organic matter and discolorations) on surface hardness and roughness of self-cure orthodontic acrylic resins. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional laboratory study was conducted in the fall of 2017 at Isfahan University of Medical science and Isfahan University of Technology. In this study two orthodontic acrylic resins (Orthocryl® and Acropars®) were used. Eighty samples (12×10×3 mm) from each one were fabricated and divided into four groups (n = 20). Group 1: 15 minutes immersion in household cleaner liquid (Hydrochloric acid, 10%) followed by15 minutes immersion in household bleach liquid (Sodium Hypochlorite, 5.25%). In group 2, immersions were repeated just like group two times and in group 3, were done three times. Group 4 was as control and had no immersion. The surface hardness and roughness of samples were measured. Data were analyzed with Two Way ANOVA and the significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The number of immersion procedures did not significantly affect the surface hardness (p value = 0.958) and surface roughness (p value = 0.657) in the different study groups. There was no significant difference in the surface hardness between the two acrylic resin brands (p value = 0.077); however, Acropars acrylic resin samples exhibited significantly higher surface roughness compared to the Orthocryl acrylic resin samples(p value < 0.001). Conclusion: 15 minutes of immersion in 10% HCl, followed by 15 minutes of immersion in 5.25% NaOCl and repetition of the procedure three times did not significantly affect the surface hardness and roughness of self-cured acrylic resins.

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Improving indicators of tuberculosis program cascades by leveraging HIV program strategies

Public Health Action ◽

10.5588/pha.19.0049 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 191-195

Author(s):

S. C. Meribe ◽

E. Harausz ◽

I. Lawal ◽

A. Ogundeji ◽

C. Mbanefo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Standard Of Care ◽

Rank Test ◽

Military Hospitals ◽

Us Army ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Before And After ◽

Army Medical Research ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

The Impact ◽

Number Of Individuals

Background: To improve rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) case detection and treatment, the Nigerian Ministry of Defense Health Implementation Program and the US Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa/Nigeria introduced a HIV standard of care (SOC) package. Given the integration of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV programs and evolving policies, we evaluated the impact of this strategy on TB program indicators.Methods: Routine, de-identified program data from 27 Nigerian military hospitals were analyzed. Using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, bivariate analyses were performed to compare data from 12 months before and after implementation of the SOC package.Results: Our data showed improvements post-implementation as follows: the number of individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) screened for TB increased from 14 530 to 29 467 (P < 0.001); the number of individuals with presumptive TB identified increased from 803 to 1800 (P < 0.001); the number of ART clients bacteriologically tested for TB increased from 746 to 1717 (P < 0.001); and the number of ART clients treated for TB increased from 152 to 282 (P < 0.001). Newly registered or relapsed TB cases increased from 436 to 906 (P < 0.001), the number of TB cases with known HIV status increased from 437 to 837 (P < 0.001), the number of TB-HIV co-infected cases increased from 182 to 301 (P = 0.006), and the number of TB-HIV co-infected clients who started ART increased from 101 to 176 (P = 0.003).Conclusion: The implementation of the updated HIV SOC package led to the improvement in key TB diagnosis and treatment indicators. When emulated, this could help improve the performance of other TB programs in countries other than Nigeria.

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P025: Checking the pulse in the 21st century: inter-observer reliability of carotid pulse detection by point-of-care ultrasound

CJEM ◽

10.1017/cem.2020.233 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (S1) ◽

pp. S73-S74

Author(s):

D. Smith ◽

J. Chenkin ◽

R. Simard

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Arrest ◽

Healthcare Provider ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Rank Test ◽

Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽

Current Standard ◽

Observer Reliability ◽

Pulse Palpation ◽

Before And After ◽

The Impact

Introduction: Detection of a pulse is crucial to decision-making in the care of patients who are in cardiac arrest, however, the current standard of manual pulse palpation is unreliable. An emerging alternative is the use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) for direct assessment of the carotid pulse. The primary objective of this study is to determine the inter-observer reliability for healthcare provider interpretation of the carotid pulse by POCUS in patients who are peri-arrest or in cardiac arrest. Methods: We conducted a web-based survey of healthcare providers. Participants were shown a tutorial demonstrating POCUS detection of the carotid pulse and then asked to interpret 15 carotid pulse ultrasound clips from patients who were peri-arrest or in cardiac arrest. The primary outcome was inter-observer reliability for carotid pulse assessment. Secondary outcomes included inter-observer reliability stratified by healthcare provider role and POCUS experience, mean tutorial duration, mean pulse assessment duration, rate of pulse assessments < 10 seconds, and change in participant confidence before and after the study. Inter-observer reliability was determined by Krippendorff's α. Change in participant confidence was determined by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: 68 participants completed our study, with a response rate of 75% (68/91). There was near perfect inter-observer reliability for pulse assessment amongst all study participants (α=0.874, 95% CI 0.869, 0.879). Senior residents (n = 24) and POCUS experts (n = 6) demonstrated the highest rates of inter-observer reliability, α=0.902 (95% CI 0.888, 0.914) and α=0.925 (95% CI 0.869, 0.972), respectively. All sub-groups had α greater than 0.8. Mean tutorial duration was 31 seconds (SD = 17.5) with maximum duration of 55 seconds. Mean pulse assessment duration was 7.7 seconds (SD = 5.2) with 76% of assessments completed within 10 seconds. Participant confidence before and after the study significantly increased from a median of 2 to a median of 4 on a 5-point Likert-type scale (z = 6.3, p < .001). Conclusion: Interpretation of the carotid pulse by POCUS showed near perfect inter-observer reliability for patients who were peri-arrest or in cardiac arrest. Participants required minimal training and indicated improved POCUS pulse assessment confidence after the study. Further work must be done to determine the impact of POCUS pulse assessment on the resuscitation of patients in cardiac arrest.

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Enamel Surface Roughness after Lingual Bracket Debonding: An In Vitro Study

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12244196 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (24) ◽

pp. 4196

Author(s):

Martina Eichenberger ◽

Anna Iliadi ◽

Despina Koletsi ◽

George Eliades ◽

Carlalberta Verna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Rank Test ◽

Roughness Parameters ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Fine Diamond ◽

Before And After ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

Lingual Brackets

The aim of the present study was to quantitatively assess changes in enamel roughness parameters before and after lingual bracket debonding. The lingual surface of 25 sound premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons was studied by 3D optical interferometric profilometry before and after debonding of lingual brackets following enamel finishing (with fine diamond) and polishing (with 12- and 20-fluted carbide burs). The roughness parameters tested were the amplitude parameters Sa and Sz, the hybrid parameter Sdr, and the functional parameters Sc and Sv. The parameter differences (after debonding-reference) were calculated, and statistical analysis was performed via a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Statistically significantly higher values were observed in all the surface roughness parameters of enamel surfaces after finishing and polishing, with the mostly affected parameter being the Sdr. Under the conditions of the present study, the finishing and polishing instruments used after debonding of lingual noncustomized brackets created a surface texture rougher than the control in all the tested roughness parameters.

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Effect of In-Office Bleaching on Color and Surface Roughness of Composite Restoratives

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1697819 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 04 (02) ◽

pp. 118-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Randa Hafez ◽

Doa Ahmed ◽

Mai Yousry ◽

Wafa El-Badrawy ◽

Omar El-Mowafy

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Surface Texture ◽

Color Change ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Bleaching Agent ◽

Color Changes ◽

Before And After ◽

Colorimetric Measurements ◽

Natural Teeth ◽

Environmental Sem

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine color changes and surface roughness of composites when they were subjected to in-office bleaching.Methods: 12 discs 15 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick were prepared from two shades (A2 & A4) of two composites, Durafil VS (DF) and TPH3 (TPH). Specimens were polished and stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C before being subjected to bleaching, staining, and re-bleaching. Each of the groups of specimens (DF-A2, DF-A4, TPH-A2 and TPH-A4) were subdivided into three subgroups (n=4) and bleached with Beyond, LumaWhite-Plus, and Opalescence-Boost. Specimens were then stained by immersing them in a coffee solution for 48 hours at 37°C, and then they were re-bleached. Colorimetric measurements were performed at baseline, after bleaching, after staining, and after rebleaching. Surface roughness was determined with environmental SEM before and after bleaching. Data were statistically-analyzed.Results: None of the bleaching systems notably changed the color of composites (delta-E<2). Coffee staining affected DF specimens more than TPH. Stained specimens showed variable responses to whitening with no significant color change observed with TPH (delta-E<2) and significant changes observed with DF. Surface roughness significantly changed with bleaching, but the degree varied according to composite shade and bleaching agent.Conclusions: Three in-office bleaching agents had no significant color changes on two composites. DF showed more color change than TPH when immersed in coffee. Stained composites showed different degrees of whitening, with DF showing more response. Bleaching may adversely affect the surface texture of composites. Dentists should take into consideration that composite restorations may not respond to bleaching in the same way that natural teeth do. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:118-127)

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Effect of Polymerization Time and Home Bleaching Agent on the Microhardness and Surface Roughness of Bulk-Fill Composites: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study

Scanning ◽

10.1155/2019/2307305 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Zümrüt Ceren Özduman ◽

Magrur Kazak ◽

Mehmet Ali Fildisi ◽

Rümeysa Hatice Özlen ◽

Evrim Dalkilic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Microscopy Study ◽

Electron Microscopy Study ◽

Rank Test ◽

Bleaching Agent ◽

Polymerization Time ◽

Before And After ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

Bonferroni Test ◽

Fill Materials

Objective. The aim of this study is to evaluate the microhardness and surface roughness of two different bulk-fill composites polymerized with light-curing unit (LCU) with different polymerization times before and after the application of a home bleaching agent.Materials-Methods. For both microhardness and surface roughness tests, 6 groups were prepared with bulk-fill materials (SonicFill, Filtek Bulk Fill) according to different polymerization times (10, 20, and 30 s). 102 specimens were prepared using Teflon molds (4 mm depth and 5 mm diameter) and polymerized with LCU. 30 specimens (n=5) were assessed for microhardness. Before home bleaching agent application, the bottom/top (B/T) microhardness ratio was evaluated. After bleaching agent application, the microhardness measurements were performed on top surfaces. Roughness measurements were performed in 72 specimens (n=12) before and after bleaching application. Additionally, for SEM analyses, two specimens from all tested groups were prepared before and after bleaching agent application. The data B/T microhardness ratio before bleaching was analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test. The data from the top surface of specimens’ microhardness before and after bleaching were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-WhitneyUtests. The data from surface roughness tests were statistically analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and Bonferroni test (p<0.05).Results. The B/T microhardness ratio results revealed no significant differences between groups (p>0.05). Comparing the microhardness values of the composites’ top surfaces before and after bleaching, a significant decrease was observed exclusively in FB30s (p<0.05). No significant differences in surface roughness values were observed when the groups were compared based on bulk-fill materials (p>0.05) while the polymerization time affected the surface roughness of the SF20s and SF30s groups (p<0.05). After bleaching, surface roughness values were significantly increased in the SF20s and SF30s groups (p<0.05).Conclusion. The clinicians should adhere to the polymerization time recommended by the manufacturer to ensure the durability of the composite material in the oral environment.

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Analysis of the influence of surface roughness of various types of wood on the results of their hardness measured by the Leeb method

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/1199/1/012071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1199 (1) ◽

pp. 012071

Author(s):

M Bembenek ◽

Ł. Kowalski ◽

J. Pawlik

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Tree Species ◽

Hardness Test ◽

Hardness Measurement ◽

Test Results ◽

Before And After ◽

Leeb Hardness ◽

The Impact ◽

Impact Mass ◽

Measured Hardness

Abstract Determining the hardness in the Leeb scale consists in measuring the velocity of the impact mass before and after hitting the sample. The result is the speed of the impactor shall after the rebound divided by the speed before the rebound (multiplied by 1000). The measured hardness ranges from 0 to 1000 and is largely dependent on the Young's modulus of elasticity. The article presents the Leeb hardness measurement tests of six various species of wood. The samples were machining before testing in such a way that there were places with different surface roughness on its surface. The research showed the differentiation of the hardness test results for the same tree species depending on the roughness of the surface

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Influence of Different Disinfectants on Surface Hardness of Heat-Polymerized Acrylic Resins utilized for Orthodontic Appliance

Journal of Techniques ◽

10.51173/jt.v3i1.286 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 61-65

Author(s):

Wael Abdul Alrazzaq Alwaeli ◽

Mohammed Abdul Sattar Alsegar

Keyword(s):

Chemical Interaction ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Water Control ◽

Mean Values ◽

Hardness Tester ◽

Acrylic Resins ◽

Dental Prostheses ◽

Removable Dental Prostheses

Heat-polymerized resins are common substances utilized for construction of removable dental prostheses (i.e. Orthodontic appliances). Such materials should have appropriate physical properties. The use of disinfectant solutions might influence the physical characteristics of the acrylic materials. This study was conducted to assess the influence of different disinfectants on heat polymerized resins in terms of surface hardness. Forty specimens were made from heat-polymerized acrylic resins in total. The investigation comprised 4 groups according to the disinfectants utilized and each group had ten specimens. The 1st group was immersed in distilled water (control); the 2nd group was disinfected in Efferdent; the 3rd group was disinfected in 4 % Chlorhexidine; and the 4th group was disinfected in 1% hypochlorite. All specimens were tested via a hardness tester three times and the average reading was measured for all specimens. The statistical results indicated a slight decline in the mean values of surface hardness of acrylic specimens following immersion in disinfectants. The greatest value of mean was for distilled water specimens whereas the lowest value of mean was for 4% Chlorhexidine specimens. Furthermore, no significant differences were found among all groups (P>0.05). The study concluded that the use of disinfectants solutions slightly decreases the hardness of heat polymerized resins. It is recommended to evaluate the chemical interaction between the acrylic resins and disinfectants.

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Effect of Different Dentifrices on the Surface Roughness of Acrylic Resins: An in vitro Study

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2106 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 679-682

Author(s):

Nitin Gautam ◽

Aditi Sharma ◽

Unjum Bashir ◽

Sisir Rapolu ◽

Nallamilli Mamatha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Positive Association ◽

Acrylic Resin ◽

Control Group ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Acrylic Resins ◽

Type Size ◽

Utmost Care

ABSTRACT Aim This study was undertaken to study the effect of three most commonly used dentifrices for denture cleaning and to find out any positive association between number of strokes by toothbrush and surface roughness of acrylic resin. Materials and methods About 40 acrylic rectangular blocks with high finish were polished until surface roughness was calculated as 0 µm. The materials tested were distilled water as a control group, Patanjali Dant Kanti, Colgate Total Cream, and Cleansodent as dentifrices. Stroking was done with dentifrices, and surface roughness readings were recorded at 1,000, 9,000, and 18,000 strokes. Results Patanjali Dant Kanti was found to have maximum abrasive potential followed by Colgate Total Cream, followed by Cleansodent and least by distilled water. Conclusion Surface roughness was found to be directly proportional to the type, size, and fineness of the abrasive component used; the professional denture cleanser (Cleansodent) has less abrasive potential than the regular toothpastes. Among those tested, the highest abrasive potential was found in Patanjali Dant Kanti and lowest by Cleansodent (denture cleanser). Clinical significance The patient as well as dentist should choose the dentifrice with utmost care noting the size and type of abrasives used. Washing the dentures normally with water without toothbrush daily and cleaning of dentures once in 10 to 15 days with a soft toothbrush and professional denture cleanser should be the line of maintenance of dentures. How to cite this article Gautam N, Sharma A, Bashir U, Rapolu S, Mamatha N, Sravani S. Effect of Different Dentifrices on the Surface Roughness of Acrylic Resins: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(8):679-682.

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An Evaluation of the Impact of a Multicomponent Stop Smoking Intervention in an Irish Prison

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182211981 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (22) ◽

pp. 11981

Author(s):

Andrea Bowe ◽

Louise Marron ◽

John Devlin ◽

Paul Kavanagh

Keyword(s):

Binary Data ◽

Ordinal Data ◽

Rank Test ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Adult Males ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Smoking Intervention ◽

Stop Smoking ◽

Before And After ◽

The Impact

The disproportionately high prevalence of tobacco use among prisoners remains an important public health issue. While Ireland has well-established legislative bans on smoking in public places, these do not apply in prisons. This study evaluates a multi-component tobacco control intervention in a medium security prison for adult males in Ireland. A stop-smoking intervention, targeting staff and prisoners, was designed, implemented, and evaluated with a before-and-after study. Analysis was conducted using McNemar’s test for paired binary data, Wilcoxon signed rank test for ordinal data, and paired T-tests for continuous normal data. Pre-intervention, 44.3% (n = 58) of the study population were current smokers, consisting of 60.7% of prisoners (n = 51) and 15.9% of staff (n = 7). Post-intervention, 45.1% of prisoners (n = 23/51) and 100% of staff (n = 7/7) who identified as current smokers pre-intervention reported abstinence from smoking. Among non-smokers, the proportion reporting being exposed to someone else’s cigarette smoke while being a resident or working in the unit decreased from 69.4% (n = 50/72) pre-intervention to 27.8% (n = 20/72) post-intervention (p < 0.001). This multicomponent intervention resulted in high abstinence rates, had high acceptability among both staff and prisoners, and was associated with wider health benefits across the prison setting.

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