MENILIK PENGHINDARAN PAJAK DI PERUSAHAAN PERTAMBANGAN

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pengungkapan corporate social responsibility, kepemilikan institusional, dan profitabilitas terhadap agresivitas pajak. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh perseroan pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2016—2020 dan sampel penelitian dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan metode regresi linear berganda. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi bahwa pada perusahaan pertambangan khususnya pada kurun waktu penelitan, aktivitas manajer terkait tanggung jawabnya terhadap lingkungan dan masyarakat tidak berorientasi pada pajak perusahaan, tetapi benar bermotifkan perhatian akan keberlanjutan operasional perusahaan (sustainability operation). Demikian pula pemilik yang berasal dari institusi melakukan pengawasan dan pengendalian manajer pada aspek strategis selain pajak perusahaan. Dari hasil riset ini terbukti pula bahwa profitabilitas perusahaan tidak menjadi hal yang dapat mendorong manajer melakukan aktivitas penghindaran pajak, terlebih pada saat masa pandemi sekarang ini banyak sekali insentif dan kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh Dirjen pajak untuk mendorong keberlangsungan ekonomi wajib pajak. ABSTRACTThis study is a quantitative study that aims to analyze the effect of the use of corporate social responsibility, institutional ownership, and profitability on tax aggressiveness. The population of this study were all mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2020 and the research sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique. Analysis of research data using multiple linear regression method. This study shows that in mining companies, especially at the time of the study, activities related to environmental and community management are not related to corporate taxes, but are very beneficial for company operations. Likewise, owners who come from institutions that supervise and control managers in other strategic aspects besides corporate taxes. From the results of this study, it is also proven that company profitability is not something that can encourage managers to carry out tax avoidance activities, especially during the current pandemic, there are lots of incentives and policies issued by the Director General of Taxes to encourage the economic sustainability of taxpayers.

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PENGARUH CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY SEBAGAI DEDUCTIBLE EXPENSE TERHADAP AGRESIVITAS PAJAK PADA PERUSAHAAN PERTAMBANGAN

JURNAL AKUNTANSI UNIVERSITAS JEMBER ◽

10.19184/jauj.v19i2.22780 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 117

Author(s):

Mudrika Berliana As sajjad ◽

Dewi Ayu Puspita ◽

Sudarno Sudarno

Keyword(s):

Corporate Social Responsibility ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Transfer Pricing ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Annual Reports ◽

Tax Aggressiveness ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Mining Companies ◽

The Government ◽

Corporate Social

ABSTRACT The pros and cons of the obligation to carry out and disclose Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) by companies make the government provide incentives through taxes. The tax incentive is stated in Law No. 38 of 2008, which states that CSR costs can be categorized as deductible expenses or as a deduction from taxable income. The law can provide an opening for companies to carry out tax aggressiveness. This study aims to analyze and prove the effect of CSR as deductible expense on tax aggressiveness in mining companies in Indonesia. The data source used is secondary data from financial reports and annual reports of mining companies for the 2017-2019 period which can be downloaded at www.idx.co.id. The sample selection used purposive sampling technique and data processing was carried out through multiple linear analysis with SPSS software. The results showed that CSR as deductible expense on tax aggressiveness and capital intensity had no effect on tax aggressiveness.Keywords: Exchange Rate, Tax Rate, Tunneling Incentive, Transfer Pricing ABSTRAK Pro dan kontra atas kewajiban melaksanakan dan mengungkapkan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) oleh perusahaan membuat pemerintah memberikan insentif melalui pajak. Insentif pajak tersebut tertuang dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 38 Tahun 2008, yang menyatakan bahwa biaya CSR dapat dikategorikan sebagai biaya yang dapat dikurangkan atau sebagai pengurang penghasilan kena pajak. Undang-undang tersebut dapat memberikan celah bagi perusahaan untuk melakukan agresivitas pajak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membuktikan pengaruh CSR sebagai biaya pengurang terhadap agresivitas pajak pada perusahaan pertambangan di Indonesia. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan dan laporan tahunan perusahaan pertambangan periode 2017-2019 yang dapat diunduh di www.idx.co.id. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan pengolahan data dilakukan melalui analisis linier berganda dengan software SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CSR sebagai biaya pengurang terhadap agresivitas pajak dan intensitas modal tidak berpengaruh terhadap agresivitas pajak.Kata kunci: Nilai Tukar, Tarif Pajak, Tunneling Incentive, Transfer Pricing

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Pengaruh Kepemilikan Institusional dan Kinerja Keuangan Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak dengan CSR Sebagai Pemediasi

JURNAL ILMU MANAJEMEN DAN BISNIS ◽

10.17509/jimb.v9i2.13991 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 56-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adhitya Putri Pratiwi

Keyword(s):

Corporate Social Responsibility ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Path Analysis ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Tax Avoidance ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Institutional Ownership ◽

Return On Assets ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Corporate Social

AbstractThis study aims to determine the effect of Institutional Ownership and Return On Assets on Tax Avoidance with Corporate Social Responsibility as an intervening variable. This research was conducted on plantation issuers listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2012-2016. The sample in this study was obtained using a purposive sampling technique and based on predetermined criteria, a sample of 14 plantation issuers was obtained. The analytical method used is path analysis with a significant level of 5%. The results showed that Institutional Ownership variables did not significantly influence either directly or indirectly through Corporate Social Responsibility. While the Return On Asset variable significantly affects Tax Avoidance both directly and through Corporate Social Responsibility. This research also shows that Tax Avoidance has a significant effect on Corporate Social Responsibility. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Kepemilikan Institusional dan Return On Asset terhadap Penghindaran Pajak dengan Corporate Social Responsibility sebagai variable intervening. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada emiten perkebunan yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2012-2016. Sampel dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditentukan maka diperoleh sample sebanyak 14 emiten perkebunan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah path analysis dengan tingkat signifikan sebesar 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel Kepemilikan Institusional tidak berpengaruh secara signifika baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui Corporate Social Responsibility. Sedangkan variabel Return On Asset berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Penghindaran Pajak baik secara langsung maupun melalui Corporate Social Responsibility. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa Penghindaran Pajak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Corporate Social Responsibility.

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ANALISIS PENGARUH CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, TAX AVOIDANCE TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN DENGAN KEPEMILIKAN ASING SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DI BEI PERIODE 2016 - 2018

Jurnal Akuntansi Bisnis ◽

10.30813/jab.v13i1.1976 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nikki Kwok ◽

Andi Gunawan Kwok

Keyword(s):

Corporate Social Responsibility ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Firm Value ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Tax Avoidance ◽

Foreign Ownership ◽

Manufacturing Companies ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Corporate Social ◽

The Relationship

Abstract: The main goal of the company is to maximize prosperity for shareholders, this can be achieved by maximizing the value of the company. This research was conducted to determine the factors that influence the value of the company to be studied are Corporate Social Responsibility and Tax Avoidance. The moderating variable in this study is Foreign Ownership. The sample of this research is manufacturing companies whose shares are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2016-2018 using purposive sampling method. While the analytical method used is the classic assumption test and hypothesis testThe results of this study indicate that corporate social responsibility has no influence on firm value, and tax avoidance has an influence on firm value. Foreign ownership is not able to be a moderating variable that strengthens the relationship between corporate social responsibility and corporate value while foreign ownership is able to be a moderating variable that strengthens the relationship between tax avoidance and firm value. Keywords: Firm value, Corporate Social Responsibility, Tax Avoidance and Foreign Ownership Abstrak: Tujuan utama perusahaan adalah untuk memaksimalkan kemakmuran bagi pemegang saham, hal ini dapat dicapai dengan memaksimalkan nilai perusahaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi nilai perusahaan yang akan diteliti adalah Corporate Social Responsibility dan Tax Avoidance. Variabel Moderating pada penelitian ini adalah Kepemilikan Asing.Sampel penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang sahamnya terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2018 dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Sedangkan metode analisis yang digunakan adalah uji asumsi klasik dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa corporate social responsibility tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan, dan tax avoidance memiliki pengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan. Kepemilikan asing tidak mampu menjadi variabel moderating yang memperkuat hubungan antara corporate social responsibility dengan nilai perusahaan sedangkan Kepemilikan asing mampu menjadi variabel moderating yang memperkuat hubungan antara tax avoidance dengan nilai perusahaan. Kata Kunci: Nilai Perusahaan, Corporate Social Responsibility, Tax Avoidance dan Kepemilikan Asing.

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PENGARUH MAQASHID SYARIAH INDEX, PROFITABILITAS DAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TERHADAP AGRESIVITAS PAJAK

At-tijaroh: Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen dan Bisnis Islam ◽

10.24952/tijaroh.v5i1.1691 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 98-115

Author(s):

Ayu Inayaturrohmah ◽

Indriyana Puspitosari

Keyword(s):

Corporate Social Responsibility ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Tax Evasion ◽

Commercial Banks ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Tax Avoidance ◽

Tax Aggressiveness ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Tax Revenues ◽

Corporate Social

Abstract Realization of tax revenues in Indonesia has not yet reached the target, because tax revenues are not yet optimal and there is tax aggressiveness through tax avoidance and tax evasion. This study aims to analyze the effect of Maqashid Syariah Index (MSI), profitability and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on tax aggressiveness. This type of research is quantitative research with a population of 13 Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia during the 2013-2017 observation period. This study used a purposive sampling method and obtained samples of 5 Islamic Commercial Banks that met the criteria. Data analysis to test hypotheses using PLS. The results of this study indicate that the independent variable in explaining the dependent variable is 23% and is solved by other factors outside the study. The results showed that profitability had a significant effect on tax aggressiveness. Whereas MSI and CSR are not significant in tax aggressiveness. Keyword: Tax Aggressiveness, Maqashid Sharia Index, Corporate Social Responsibility Abstrak Realisasi penerimaan pajak di Indonesia belum mencapai target, karena penerimaan pajak yang belum optimal serta adanya penghindaran dan penggelapan pajak atau yang kita kenal dengan agresivitas pajak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Maqashid Syariah Index (MSI), profitabilitas dan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) terhadap agresivitas pajak. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 13 Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia selama periode observasi 2013-2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan diperoleh sampel 5 Bank Umum Syariah yang memenuhi kriteria. Analisis data untuk menguji hipotesis menggunakan PLS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen dalam menjelaskan variabel dependen adalah 23% dan diselesaikan oleh faktor lain di luar penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap agresivitas pajak. Sedangkan MSI dan CSR tidak signifikan pada agresivitas pajak. Kata Kunci: Agresivitas Pajak, Maqashid Syariah Index, Corporate Social Responsibility

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Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) dan Karakteristik Perusahaan terhadap Praktik Penghindaran Pajak Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia

Owner ◽

10.33395/owner.v6i1.551 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 541-553

Author(s):

Androni Susanto ◽

Veronica Veronica

Keyword(s):

Corporate Social Responsibility ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Tax Avoidance ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Significant Positive Effect ◽

Fixed Assets ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Corporate Social ◽

Positive Effect

This study aims to analyze the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and company characteristics on corporate tax avoidance. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The sample of this research is the financial statements and sustainability reports of 73 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2016-2020 period. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that CSR has a significant positive effect on current taxes, which means that companies that are responsible to stakeholders tend to avoid tax avoidance practices or pay more taxes. CSR, ROA and firm size have a significant negative effect on tax avoidance. Leverage and intangible assets have a significant positive effect on tax avoidance. Other company characteristics variables such as fixed assets, operating cash flow, sales growth have no significant effect on tax avoidance.

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PENGARUH SIZE, UMUR PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DENGAN PROFITABILITAS SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING

Stability: Journal of Management and Business ◽

10.26877/sta.v3i2.7784 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 58-71

Author(s):

Desyderia Ingriani Wahyuni Yassim ◽

Gendro Wiyono ◽

Mujino Mujino

Keyword(s):

Corporate Social Responsibility ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Path Analysis ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Annual Reports ◽

Company Size ◽

Manufacturing Companies ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Corporate Social

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan, umur perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap tanggung jawab soaial perusahaan, profitabilitas berpengaruh terhadap tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan, ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap profitabilitas, umur perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap profitabilitas, ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan dengan profitabilitas sebagai variabel intervening, dan umur perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan dengan profitabilitas sebagai variabel intervening. Penelitian mengambil sampel perusahaan manufaktur sub sektor barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder berupa laporan tahunan perusahaan. Selama periode 2014-2018, terdapat 142 perusahaan manufaktur, dan populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 42 perusahaan. Sampel dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling, yaitu metode pengambilan sampel yang ditetapkan oleh peneliti sesuai dengan kriteria tertentu sehingga total sampel adalah 19 perusahaan. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan path analysis. Hasil penelitian meliputi (1) ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan, (2) umur perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap tanggung jawab soaial perusahaan, (3) profitabilitas berpengaruh terhadap tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan, (4) ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap profitabilitas, (5) umur perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap profitabilitas, (6) ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan dengan profitabilitas sebagai variabel intervening, (7) umur perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan dengan profitabilitas sebagai variabel intervening.Kata Kunci : ukuran perusahaan, halaman perusahaan, tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan, profitabilitas.AbstractThis study aims to examine whether company size has an effect on corporate social responsibility, company age has an effect on corporate social responsibility, profitability has an effect on corporate social responsibility, company size has an effect on profitability, company age has an effect on profitability, company size has an effect on responsibility social enterprise with profitability as an intervening variable, and company age affect corporate social responsibility with profitability as an intervening variable. The study took a sample of manufacturing companies sub-sector of consumer goods listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The type of data used in this study is secondary data in the form of company annual reports. During the 2014-2018 period, there were 142 manufacturing companies, and the population in this study amounted to 42 companies. Samples were selected by purposive sampling technique, which is the sampling method determined by researchers in accordance with certain criteria so that the total sample is 19 companies. Data were analyzed using path analysis. The results of the study include (1) company size influences corporate social responsibility, (2) company age influences corporate social responsibility, (3) profitability influences corporate social responsibility, (4) company size affects profitability, (5) company age affects profitability, (6) company size affects corporate social responsibility with profitability as an intervening variable, (7) company age affects corporate social responsibility with profitability as an intervening variable.Keywords : company size, company page, corporate social responsibility, profitability.

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Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility dan Penghindaran Pajak dengan Profitabilitas sebagai Variabel Moderasi

E-Jurnal Akuntansi ◽

10.24843/eja.2021.v31.i09.p10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (9) ◽

pp. 2277

Author(s):

Ni Made Artini ◽

Putu Ery Setiawan

Keyword(s):

Corporate Social Responsibility ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Participant Observation ◽

Tax Avoidance ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Observation Method ◽

Csr Disclosure ◽

Corporate Social

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on tax avoidance with profitability as a moderating variable. This research was conducted at mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for the 2017-2019 period. The number of observations of 75 samples obtained through nonprobability sampling method with purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out by non-participant observation method. The data analysis technique used is Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results showed that CSR disclosure had a negative effect on tax avoidance. Profitability as a moderating variable is able to moderate the effect of CSR disclosure on tax avoidance. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility; Profitability; Tax Avoidance.

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The Effect of Independent Commissioner’s Moderation of CSR and Institutional Ownership on Tax Avoidance

Journal of Accounting and Business Education ◽

10.26675/jabe.v4i2.8271 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 98

Author(s):

Baiq Fitri Arianti

Keyword(s):

Corporate Social Responsibility ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Tax Avoidance ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Institutional Ownership ◽

Annual Reports ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Stable Economy ◽

Corporate Social

This research aims at providing empirical evidence of the effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and institutional ownership on tax avoidance with independent commissioner as the moderator. The study’s population is 66 mining and agricultural companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2013 - 2017. Employing a purposive sampling technique, 10 mining and agricultural companies are taken as the samples out of 50 annual reports from 2013 - 2017 observed. The research employs the Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) as the data analysis technique. The research results indicate that corporate social responsibility (CSR) variable does not influence tax avoidance and institutional ownership variable influences tax avoidance. Independent commissioner may weaken the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on tax avoidance and strengthen the effect of institutional ownership on tax avoidance. The implication of this research is to examine the importance of tax payment and expectedly increase the community’s awareness, especially related parties, of the obligation to pay their taxes appropriately and, with the research’s results, the public is expected to be aware of the importance of paying taxes, especially large companies, so as not to take tax avoidance measures for Indonesia’s improved and stable economy.

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PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, LEVERAGE DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR PERTAMBANGAN YANG TERCATAT DI BEI TAHUN 2013-2017

Jurnal Ecogen ◽

10.24036/jmpe.v2i3.7445 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 532

Author(s):

Shelly Indriastuty ◽

Abel Tasman

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Corporate Social Responsibility ◽

Business Ethics ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Analysis Techniques ◽

Mining Companies ◽

Corporate Social ◽

Representative Samples

The purpose of this research are to analyze: (1) The effect of profitability on corporate social responsibility (2) The effect of leverage on corporate social responsibility (3) The effect of size on on corporate social responsibility. The population on this research is mining companies listed on BEI for the period 2013-2017. Based on purposive sampling, there are 165 companies’ years. This study uses multiple linier regression analysis techniques. The result of this research shows that (1) Profitability has a positive and not significant effect on corporate social responsibility (2) Leverage has a negative and significant effect on corporate social responsibility (3) Size has a positive and significant effect on corporate social responsibility. This research suggestion is (1) Management is expected to be able to understand and analyze corporate social responsibility and its impact on the company (2) The owner of the company is expected to be able to coordinate the management of the company to understand business ethics (3) For further researcher it is recessary to increase population and more representative samples. Keyword: corporate social responsibility, profitability, leverage and size

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Corporate Social Responsibility, Good Corporate Governance, and Management Compensation against Tax Avoidance

Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) Humanities and Social Sciences ◽

10.33258/birci.v4i2.1968 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 2612-2625

Author(s):

Yeyet Rohyati ◽

Suripto Suripto

Keyword(s):

Corporate Governance ◽

Corporate Social Responsibility ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Tax Avoidance ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Management Compensation ◽

Good Corporate Governance ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Corporate Social

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility, Good Corporate Governance, and Management Compensation on Tax Avoidance. The population in this study are mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2018. Determination of the sample using purposive sampling technique, obtained a sample of 8 companies with 40 observational data. The analysis technique and hypothesis testing are carried out by using panel data regression analysis through Eviews-9. The results show that Corporate Social Responsibility has a positive effect on Tax Avoidance, Good Corporate Governance has no effect on Tax Avoidance, and Management Compensation has a negative effect on Tax Avoidance.

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