scholarly journals Subject-material ontology in “Doctor Zhivago”, the “final book” by Boris Pasternak

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-147
Author(s):  
Yelena M. Bondarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
External World ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Boris Pasternak ◽  
Subject Material ◽  
Ontological Aspect

The article is addressed to the problem of typological characteristics of a number of novels distinguished by a long-term, large-scale conception and genre "proteism". Conventionally referred to as the "final books", these works represent an attempt to create a "universal text" of cultural memory. Such a text is intended to reveal the "totality of being", to answer the main questions of life. Through the prism of signs of the "final book", this article examines the novel "Doctor Zhivago" by Boris Pasternak. The main attention is focused on the study of the ontological aspect of the objective, material world of the work, in particular, household objects and interior components. In descriptive fragments, the frequency lexemes "thing" and "object" are highlighted, which act as a reduced description. Their "collective" semantics creates conditional, generalised images of material and ideal objects that realize the idea of contact between the existential (sacred) and the ordinary and the idea of restoring unity (integrity). The lexeme “thing” acts as an actualiser of meanings associated with the concept of a way of life, an order of things, harmonious to a greater or lesser extent. The lexeme “object” is most often marked by the state of “ontological uncomfortableness”, “alienation” of objects of the external world from a person, which arose as a result of the disintegration of “living” connections, the absence of “contact” and decline in general. The opposition “thing-object” implements in the narrative “ready-made / code” philosophical generalisations, which are differentiated depending on situations, and it expresses the assessment of reality given by the narrator, whose worldview in many cases is extremely close to the position of the protagonist.

scholarly journals Hygiene practices in children and adolescents to prevent COVID-19 transmission (Literature review)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
VP Krylov
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Hygienic Measures ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Remote Learning

Socio-economic outcome of long-term SARS-CoV-2 pandemic poses a major health risk to children. A high number of neurological disturbances and nutrition-associated problems are reported. Hygiene is one of the most important measures to avoid the novel coronavirus infection. Children and adolescents commonly constitute a special population, as disease severity in this group significantly differs from that in middle-aged and senior groups. Lockdown and transition to remote learning result in numerous reasons for emotional stress such as a dramatically altered way of life and education, and an important reduction of physical activity. The basic hygienic measures for children and adolescents included lockdown and transition to remote learning. An altered way of life caused strong emotions and poor academic achievements. As time passes, based on numerous statistical data, we can conclude that the role of children in the infection transmission and spread is insignificant. In spite of doubtful effectiveness of transition to online learning and an abundance of negative consequences for children’s mental health, some authors report that closure of schools resulted in a reduced number of those affected and decreased mortality rate. Hand hygiene is a very important way to prevent the spread of infections. Hygiene promotion aimed at children and adolescents is lacking during the pandemic, as explanatory talks are mainly given by parents.

FOxTROT: an international randomised controlled trial in 1052 patients (pts) evaluating neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for colon cancer.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3504-3504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Seymour ◽  
Dion Morton ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Perioperative Morbidity ◽  
Secondary Endpoints ◽  
Randomised Controlled

3504 Background: NAC is well established in many solid tumours but has not undergone large-scale evaluation in colon cancer. Methods: Pts had operable, non-obstructed colon cancer; CT-predicted stage T3-4, N0-2, M0, and were fit for FOLFOX and surgery. They were randomised 2:1 to the novel sequence (6 wk FOLFOX NAC, then surgery, then 18 wk FOLFOX) or control (surgery then 24 wk FOLFOX). RAS-wt pts allocated to the novel arm could optionally be sub-randomized 1:1 to ± panitumumab (pan) during the NAC phase. Two "dealer’s choices" allowed total chemo duration 12 wk instead of 24 (in older/low-risk pts) and OxCap in place of FOLFOX (except in pts randomized ± pan). Primary endpoint is freedom from recurrent or persistent disease after 2 yrs, by ITT. Secondary endpoints include safety, histological stage, completeness of resection, OS. Results: 1052 pts were randomised, Jun 2008-Dec 2016, at 85 centres in UK, Denmark and Sweden. Conclusions: NAC was well tolerated and safe, with no increase in perioperative morbidity and a trend toward fewer serious postoperative complications. Evidence of histological regression was seen in 59% pts after NAC, including some pCRs. This resulted in marked histological downstaging and a halving of the rate of incomplete resections. We observed an improvement in 2-yr failure rate (HR=0.77), but this fell short of statistical significance (p=0.11). NAC for colon cancer improves surgical outcomes and can now be considered as a treatment option; longer follow-up and further trials are required to confirm the long-term benefits, refine its use and optimise case selection. Clinical trial information: 87163246. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals G. FLAUBERT’S NOVEL MADAME BOVARY: HORIZONS OF AESTHETIC TRANSFORMATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-48
Author(s):  
N. LITVINENKO
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Place ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Madame Bovary ◽  
Contemporary Reality ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article examines the peculiarities of the poetics of Flaubert’s novel Madame Bovary which occupies a central place in French novelism of the 1850s and is associated with the literary trends of the time in many ways. The article discusses the transformation of Balzac’s canon of realism, the differences in the artistic principles of depicting contemporary reality between Flaubert and such representatives of the school of realism as Chanfleury and Duranty; the proximity of certain elements of poetics of the novel and the portrayal of heroes to naturalism (the role of social motives, temperament and environment); the typological similarity of Flaubert with the principles of aestheticism of the Parnassian school. The main attention is paid to the peculiarities of Flaubert’s realism, to the role of romantic motives and allusions, their ironic interpretation in the novel. Romantic traditions, even in their mass psychological refraction, retain their value semantics, contribute to the formation of a halo around Emma, typical to the eternal images of world literature. The semantics of Bovarism is opposed to the vulgarity of the commonness, at the same time almost coinciding with it. As a result, bovarism appears as a sociocultural analogue of such significant and large-scale phenomena of the 19th century culture as Byronism and Georgesandism. Transforming, rethinking the existing and emerging strategies of artistic writing, Flaubert in his novel creates an innovative, unique aesthetic synthesis, including the interaction of various literary trends, aesthetic impulses and ideas. The new non-romantic dual world arises on the basis of the contrast between the vulgarity of life and the artistic perfection of its embodiment, in that approaching the antitheses and antinomies of Baudelaire’s Flowers of Evil .

scholarly journals Symbolics of the book and the space of cultural memory in the «final book» of Boris Pasternak “Doctor Zhivago”

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-147
Author(s):  
Elena M. Bondarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
World Order ◽  
Phenomenological Reduction ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Boris Pasternak ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
The World ◽  
Integrity Of Life

This article examines one of the symbolic components of the «objective world» of the novel about the writer – the image of the «book». It is noted that its use in the poetics of «Doctor Zhivago» is multifunctional. In addition to the characteristics of the artistic space, the «book» acts as a «finished object» that implements «universal and all-encompassing semantic segments» in the plot associated with cultural memory, the integrity of life and the world order. Special attention is paid to the content of the genre designation of «final book», which is applied to a number of «polymorphic» novels of the late 19th – 20th centuries and is considered in the context of «genre generalisations» in literature. The meaning of lexical components used within this genre designation is clarified. The occasional meaning «target», contained in the word «final», allows one to see in the intense self-reflection of the writer, which has a significant impact on the creative process, aspiration to cognise the «hidden essence» of things. The appeal to the goals inherent in the «ontological construction» of beings is defined in the philosophical tradition as «phenomenological reduction» (EGA Husserl), «transcending the spirit beyond its limits» (RM Garrigou-Lagrange). These processes are responsible for the retardation of the phase of the formation of the concept of the work – a phenomenon that has not yet been fully explained.

Embracing American Culture

2018 ◽  
pp. 151-178
Author(s):  
William Cloonan
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
American Culture ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
World War ◽  
Massive Influx ◽  
French Culture

Cherokee presents a major reorientation of French thinking about the massive influx of American products and culture in the aftermath of World War II. Although a large-scale fear of how these elements would threaten the French Way of Life remained prevalent, the novel maintains that French culture is strong enough not only to absorb these influences, but to rebrand and integrate them into mainstream French culture.

Evolution of Large-Scale Coronal Structures

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
P. Ambrož
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Line ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Field ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Characteristic Relationship ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractThe large-scale coronal structures observed during the sporadically visible solar eclipses were compared with the numerically extrapolated field-line structures of coronal magnetic field. A characteristic relationship between the observed structures of coronal plasma and the magnetic field line configurations was determined. The long-term evolution of large scale coronal structures inferred from photospheric magnetic observations in the course of 11- and 22-year solar cycles is described.Some known parameters, such as the source surface radius, or coronal rotation rate are discussed and actually interpreted. A relation between the large-scale photospheric magnetic field evolution and the coronal structure rearrangement is demonstrated.

Computer Analyses in Preventive Health Research

1967 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Collen
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Preventive Health ◽  
New Era ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Normal Test ◽  
Computer Analyses

The utilization of an automated multitest laboratory as a data acquisition center and of a computer for trie data processing and analysis permits large scale preventive medical research previously not feasible. Normal test values are easily generated for the particular population studied. Long-term epidemiological research on large numbers of persons becomes practical. It is our belief that the advent of automation and computers has introduced a new era of preventive medicine.

Covalent Atomic Bridges Enable Unidirectional Enhancement of Electronic Transport in Aligned Carbon Nanotubes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingguang Chen ◽  
Wangxiang Li ◽  
Anshuman Kumar ◽  
Guanghui Li ◽  
Mikhail Itkis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrical Transport ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Metal Atoms ◽  
Aligned Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Transport Channels ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Bulk Structures

<p>Interconnecting the surfaces of nanomaterials without compromising their outstanding mechanical, thermal, and electronic properties is critical in the design of advanced bulk structures that still preserve the novel properties of their nanoscale constituents. As such, bridging the p-conjugated carbon surfaces of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) has special implications in next-generation electronics. This study presents a rational path towards improvement of the electrical transport in aligned semiconducting SWNT films by deposition of metal atoms. The formation of conducting Cr-mediated pathways between the parallel SWNTs increases the transverse (intertube) conductance, while having negligible effect on the parallel (intratube) transport. In contrast, doping with Li has a predominant effect on the intratube electrical transport of aligned SWNT films. Large-scale first-principles calculations of electrical transport on aligned SWNTs show good agreement with the experimental electrical measurements and provide insight into the changes that different metal atoms exert on the density of states near the Fermi level of the SWNTs and the formation of transport channels. </p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document