scholarly journals Psychoanalysts of the first quarter of the 20th century about “Crime and Punishment” by Fyodor Dostoevsky

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Gornostaeva
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Alfred Adler ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
General Direction ◽  
Fyodor Dostoevsky ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
Close Study ◽  
Direction Of Movement

The article examines the judgements of representatives of psychoanalysis of the early 20th century on the life and work of Fyodor Dostoevsky and, in particular, his novel "Crime and Punishment". The works of such famous psychoanalysts and followers of psychoanalysis as Alfred Adler. Jolan Neufeld, Sigmund Freud and Erich Seligmann Fromm are analysed. In the article "Dostoevsky" Adler, noting the contradictory nature of the characters, points to the general direction of movement for them towards finding inner peace, which, in turn, reveals a similarity with the nature of the writer himself. The researcher's particular attention is drawn to the theme of the boundaries of what is permitted and what is not permitted in Dostoevsky's work. Neufeld in his work "Dostoevsky" indicates that the basis of artistic depiction in the work of Dostoevsky is the emotional experience of the writer himself, whose personality makeup the psychoanalyst assesses as hysterical, which, in turn, turns out to be characteristic of his heroes. The researcher also notes the writer's increased attention to the category of the unconscious and highlights a number of features characteristic of Dostoevsky's poetics. In the well-known work of Freud "Dostoevsky and Parricide", the influence of "unconscious impulses" in the work of the Russian classic on the structure and peculiarities of plot lines in his works is indicated. The founder of neopsychoanalysis, Fromm, also draws attention to the category of the unconscious, but he is more inclined to interpret the behaviour of the heroes taking into account social and worldview factors. On the whole, the considered studies of psychoanalysts laid the foundations for a close study of the features of psychologism in Dostoevsky's work.

Unmasking unconscious fear and derangement in the Plays of Francis Imbuga

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
Paul M. Mukundi ◽  
Roselyne K. Mutura
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Carl Jung ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Central Characters ◽  
The City

Francis Davis Imbuga, one of the most prominent African playwrights of the 20th Century, employs diverse motifs to reveal the psyches of the characters in his works. This paper examines Imbuga's Betrayal in the City (1976), Man of Kafira (1984), and The Successor (1979) from Freudian and Jungian psychoanalytic perspectives, in order to deduce the central characters' unconscious fear and derangement in a world that is often devoid of freedom and justice. Specifically, the paper utilizes the postulations of Sigmund Freud on the unconsciousness as well as those of Carl Jung on self-archetypes. Characters' actions are considered as driven by Freudian unconscious and Jungian unconscious anima and animus-where the unconscious in fear reflects elites' greed and selfishness, while the unconscious in derangement mirrors repressed desire and guilt.

Mirroring the Complexities of the Human Psyche and the Depiction of Female Powerlessness in Alice Munro’s “Runaway”

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1036-1041
Author(s):  
Steffi Santhana Mary. S ◽  
Dr Anita Albert
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Human Psyche

Human behaviour is constructed by unconscious drives and impulses. To Freud, thoughts are supposed to be guided by desires and these desires are the fundamental basis of humankind, life, and psyche. Not being expressed directly, they take other shapes in order to be expressible in personal and social situations. They are repressed because they could not be fitted into social norms and laws. Freud believes that many of our actions are motivated by psychological forces unknown to others which he calls ‘the unconscious’. The objective of the present paper is to read Munro's Runaway in the mirror of Sigmund Freud to detect the psychological aspects of the characters.

INFLUENCE OF CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT ON THE PERSONALITY OF IX STANDARD STUDENTS IN MADURAI

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Maruthavanan
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Teaching Skill ◽  
Management Skill ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Study Researcher ◽  
Class Room ◽  
Teaching Learning

This study investigated the influence of personality on the class room management of IXth standard students in Madurai district. Psychoanalysts believe man’s behaviour is triggered mostly by powerful hidden forces within the personality. Sigmund Freud, an Australian physician was the originator of this theory in the early nineties He says much of people’s everyday behaviour is motivated by unconscious forces about which they know little. In order to fully understand personality then one need to illuminate and expose what is in the unconscious. Class room management is very important task in the teaching learning process. Without class room management skill teaching skill has made no effect in the class room. In the study the researcher take IX standard students in Madurai district. In this study researcher proved the above statement. He Proved that the classroom management is directly related with the personality.

Schopenhauer and the Unconscious

2020 ◽  
pp. 496-516
Author(s):  
Stephan Atzert
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Arthur Schopenhauer ◽  
Death Drive ◽  
Central Idea ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Pleasure Principle ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sabina Spielrein

This chapter explores the gradual emergence of the notion of the unconscious as it pertains to the tradition that runs from Arthur Schopenhauer via Eduard von Hartmann and Philipp Mainländer to Sabina Spielrein, C. G. Jung, and Sigmund Freud. A particular focus is put on the popularization of the term “unconscious” by von Hartmann and on the history of the death drive, which has Schopenhauer’s essay “Transcendent Speculation on the Apparent Deliberateness in the Fate of the Individual” as one of its precursors. In this essay, Schopenhauer develops speculatively the notion of a universal, intelligent, supraindividual unconscious—an unconscious with a purpose related to death. But the death drive also owes its origins to Schopenhauer’s “relative nothingness,” which Mainländer adopts into his philosophy as “absolute nothingness” resulting from the “will to death.” His philosophy emphasizes death as the goal of the world and its inhabitants. This central idea had a distinctive influence on the formation of the idea of the death drive, which features in Freud’s Beyond the Pleasure Principle.

scholarly journals Melancholy and Crisis Worldview as the Situation of Man “In His Time” in the First Third of the XX Century

Discourse ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
D. V. Andreenko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Charles Baudelaire ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Individual Experience ◽  
Individual Perception ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction. Shaping modernity in the first third of the twentieth century is tied to the private worldview of the person of this era in which the main metaphor of the individual perception of “their time” is melancholy. The crisis of this historical period forms the prism of melancholic worldview. The goal of this article is to substantiate the reasons for the perception of melancholy as a phenomenon caused in part by the problem of individual experience of time. The relationship between melancholy and modernity has already been noted in the literature, but this text raises a new question – what is the temporal nature of this mutual influence?Methodology and sources. A key role in the understanding of melancholy is played by the texts of authors of the early 20th century: Walter Benjamin, devoted to Charles Baudelaire and the work of Sigmund Freud “Mourning and Melancholy”. The issue of temporality in the work is interpreted through the reference to the phenomenological tradition, namely in reference to the modern phenomenological analysis of depressive disorder in the work of Domonkos Sik.Results and discussion. The author comes to the conclusion that the feeling of the interrelation of melancholy and the epoch is extremely specific for a person of the first third of the 20th century, evidence of which could be found in the philosophical and cultural reflection of this period. Crisis worldview is reflected in literature, painting, cinema, philosophy, social theory, etc. Thus, it is possible to represent melancholy as a phenomenon, partly caused by the problem of individual experience of time. Melancholy occurs when a crisis worldview is supplemented by an experience of circular temporality, the disappearance of the future, preoccupation with the past, passivity, or isolation.Conclusion. If these elements come together, a total worldview is formed in which real world events intensify melancholy. In this sense, phenomenologically speaking, melancholy is not so much a state as a dynamic process.

scholarly journals Emblematic Mechanisms and Psychoanalysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-29
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Markiian Soletskyy
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Scientific Thinking ◽  
Thinking Style ◽  
Conceptual Foundation ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Standard Unit ◽  
Carl Gustav Jung ◽  
Typical Experience

In the paper the parallels between the emblematic “mechanisms” of signification and the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud as well as Carl Gustav Jung have been studied. The Austrian psychiatrist has discovered template schemes that become a visual delineation, the blueprint for developing his scientific vocabulary, methodology, classification of psycho-emotional behavioral types in mythological plots. The Eros and Thanatos images handling, the exploitation of mythical tales about Oedipus and Electra, Prometheus, Narcissus, and many other ones to specify the behavioral complexes denote the presence of “emblematic methodology” in the formation of psychoanalytic conceptions and categories. His interpretations of famous mythological plots are boiled down to emblematic reduction. Carl Gustav Jung frequently selected symbolic notations as his research targets, which were a denotative space for expressing internal mental receptions and historic constellations of cultural axiology. In his writings we see the intention to assemble the concepts of image (iconic) and socio-cultural idea (conventional) into a sole compound that syncretically denote unity of meaning. Such an arrangement of iconic-conventional interdetermination is often significative elbowroom in Jung the decoding of which may allow to discern complex mental reflections. Notwithstanding the fact that he considers a symbol to be the standard unit of cognitive-cultural experience “conservation”, its functional semantics definition is fulfilled in emblematic patterns. This emblematic-cognitive form is not only a method of determining the initial images-ideas of the unconscious, “the mythological figures” of inner conflicts, typical experience of generations, but also the principle of justification and expression of his theory conceptual foundation. To a certain extent, it is an element of the Swiss psychologist’s scientific thinking style and language.  

A Dostoevskian Dialogue Structure for the Presentation of the Unconscious

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Yael Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Ambiguous Word ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
Dialogue Structure

Abstract In this article, I demonstrate that in Crime and Punishment (1866) and Demons (1872), Dostoevsky uses a specific type of dialogue—which I term “the about-face dialogue”—to present the displacement of a young man’s unconscious rage against his mother on to society while hiding it from the awareness of both protagonist and reader. In this type of dialogue, the protagonist interprets his interlocutor’s unwittingly ambiguous word or phrase as a scathing rebuke of his rage against his mother, and his reaction constitutes a displacement of this rage on to the outside world. Our awareness of the interplay between the unconscious and the outside world in this type of dialogue enables us to understand the protagonist’s sudden about-face from compassion to apathy, or even animosity, which is incomprehensible on the purely rational level.

Criminal justice in the middlebrow imagination: The punitive dimensions of Making a Murderer

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel LaChance ◽  
Paul Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Crime And Punishment

Popular documentary representations of crime and punishment have traditionally tended to fall into two camps: programs that are critical of law enforcement agencies and those that are sympathetic to them. In this article, we show how programs that present themselves as critical of legal authorities can nonetheless reinforce the “law and order punitivism” that underlay the ratcheting up of harsh punishment in the late 20th century. In a case study of the popular documentary miniseries Making a Murderer, we show how this can happen when texts fetishize the question of a criminal defendant’s innocence, adopt a “good versus evil” approach to players in the criminal justice system, and perpetuate a procedural rather than substantive vision of justice. Arguments are supported by a close reading of Making a Murderer and illustrated by a line of discussion it inspired in an internet forum.

Jacques Lacan

Philosophy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
German Idealism ◽  
Mirror Stage ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Objet Petit A ◽  
Politics And Religion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
European Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century

Jacques Marie Émile Lacan (b. 13 April 1901–d. 9 September 1981) arguably is the most creative and influential figure in the history of psychoanalysis after Sigmund Freud. Lacan portrays himself as an embattled defender of Freud’s true legacy within and beyond analytic circles, the lone champion of a “return to Freud.” His teachings emphasize the crucial differences between the Freudian unconscious and speciously similar notions such as that of the id as a dark, seething cauldron of irrational, animalistic instincts. He stresses especially the centrality of language in psychoanalysis, with the unconscious subject at stake in analysis being constituted and sustained through socio-symbolic mediations (as per Lacan’s famous thesis according to which “the unconscious is structured like a language”). Dubbed “the French Freud,” Lacan significantly broadened and deepened Freudianism through putting Freud’s discoveries into conversation with a wide range of other disciplines and orientations. In particular, Lacan’s reflections draw frequently and extensively on the resources of 19th- and 20th-century Continental philosophical currents such as German idealism, structuralism, semiotics, phenomenology, and existentialism. Indeed, not only did Lacan inspire the formation of distinctly Lacanian clinical approaches—perhaps his greatest worldwide impact has been (and continues to be) in the fields of the theoretical humanities, themselves heavily indebted to the past two centuries of European philosophy. Over the course of recent decades, Lacan’s concepts/theories of, for instance, the mirror stage, subjectivity, language, desire, drive, jouissance, fantasy, and the objet petit a all have come to serve as key components in numerous scholars’ explorations of issues and instances relating to philosophy, art, literature, cinema, culture, politics, and religion, among other areas of concern. Furthermore, like Freud, Lacan remains a source of heated controversy among various commentators and critics right up through the present day.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document