scholarly journals JUSTIFICATION OF CHANGE OF REQUIREMENTS TO NUMBER OF INDICATORS IN SOME STANDARDS ON WOOD PROCESSING

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-232
Author(s):  
Egor Razinkov ◽  
Tatyana Ishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Polymeric Films ◽  
Plate Surface ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Wood Shaving ◽  
Normal Separation ◽  
Cladding Material

For production of case furniture wood-shaving plates (DSTP) and medium-density fiber boards - plates of the PMV wood monostructural fibrous brand (plate MDF) are widely used. And, both faces, and edges of plates come to production of furniture the revetted thermosetting polymeric films, sliced veneer or other cladding materials, for example paper-based laminated plastic (BSP). One of the main defects of such plates is the insufficient durability of their outside or surface layers of face that is one of shortcomings of plates as leads to flaking of cladding material. And, when flaking the facing layer entrains part of surface layer of plate. Indicator of durability of skin of plates is the specific resistance to normal separation of layer at depth of 0,3 - 0,7 mm from plate surface which is defined in accordance with GOST 23234-2009 [1]. However, as have shown results of our researches, in a number of standards on wood processing it is necessary to make changes in part of test method of plates on the specific resistance to normal separation of layer of skin not at depth of 0,3 - 0,7 mm (as in accordance with GOST 23234-2009), and surface layer. In this regard it is necessary to make changes to state standard specifications 10632-2014 [2] and 32274-2013 [3] on required values of specific resistance to normal separation of surface layer, but not layer at depth of 0,3 - 0,7 mm from plate surface.

Electrokinetics, Adsorption and Colloid Study of Simulated Nuclear Waste Glasses Leached in Aqueous Solutions

1984 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng T. Lee ◽  
D. E. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Glass Surface ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Electrostatic Repulsion ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chloride Solutions ◽  
Zeta Potentials ◽  
Glass Surfaces

AbstractZeta potentials of SRL-131-29.8% TOS simulated nuclear waste glasses leached in D.I. water, Al, Ca, Mg, and Zn chloride solutions at 90°C were measured as a function of leaching time. For short term leaching, the adsorption of Ca, Mg, Zn and Al reverses the glass surface potential from negative to positive. Colloids were found to be stable in D.I. water and AICl3 solutions after leaching, presumably due to the electrostatic repulsion between the glass surface and similarly charged particles. Colloids were not found in Mg, Zn or Ca chloride solutions after leaching; instead, a relatively thick metasilicate surface layer was formed on glass surfaces leached in these solutions. The concentration of Si in solution is reduced by the formation of these surface layers.

Stresses in the Surface Layer and Hydrogen Absorption and Diffusion in Cavitation Condition

2014 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Jarosław Chmiel ◽  
Jolanta Baranowska ◽  
Roman Jędrzejewski ◽  
Arkadiusz Rzeczycki
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Stress State ◽  
Hydrogen Absorption ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Fem Modeling ◽  
And Diffusion

Cavitation attack in liquids generated a various states of stresses in surface layers of metals. Differences in stress state effects on hydrogen absorption activated by the cavitation implosion. Results of XRD investigation and FEM modeling shows on inhomogenity of process.

scholarly journals Elemental composition of the surface layers formed on titanium at the cathodic treatment in chitosan-containing aqueous-dimethyl sulfoxide solutions of phosphate-molybdate electrolyte

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-48
Author(s):  
Svetlana S. Popova ◽  
◽  
Hussein Ali Hussein ◽  
Lyubov’ N. Olshanskaya ◽  
Sergei V. Arzamastsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Aqueous Electrolyte ◽  
Sodium Molybdate ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Potentiostatic Mode

It was established that at the cathodic treatment of titanium in aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide solutions of sodium molybdate, containing phosphoric acid, at the potential of the cathodic incorporation of sodium (Ec = −2.6 V) in the potentiostatic mode, the composition formed on the electrode surface layer depended not only on the composition of the solution, but also on the volume ratio of the aqueous electrolyte solution and the organic solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide).

Features of damage and modification of surface layers of Al and its alloys by powerful energy flows in a plasma focus device

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 34-52
Author(s):  
V. N. Pimenov ◽  
◽  
S.A. Maslyaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Plasma Focus ◽  
Phase State ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Plasma Focus Device ◽  
Deuterium Plasma ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Pulsed Laser Radiation ◽  
Structural Phase State

The results of the analysis of damageability and modification of the structural-phase state of the surface layers of aluminum and its alloys by powerful flows of fast high-energy ions and high-temperature plasma in Plasma focus devices, as well as using pulsed laser radiation. Pure Al, an alloy of the Al – Mg – Li system, a duralumin alloy, and a composition of a ceramic coating Al2O3 on an Al substrate are considered. It is shown that in the regime of Al irradiation with a power density of q ≈ 106 – 107 W/cm2 in the nano- and microsecond range of pulse durations, ultrafast crystallization of melted surface layer occurs with the formation of a wavy surface relief and the structural fragments of sub-microcrystalline and nanoscale size. After the action of deuterium plasma flows on a duralumin alloy tube located along the axis of the Plasma focus device a modification of the structural-phase state of the alloy is observed: the initial two-phase state of an αAl-solid solution of copper in aluminum and inclusions of the second phase of CuAl2 became fine-grained and single-phase due to the dissolution of CuAl2 particles in the melt. Irradiation of an alloy of the Al – Mg – Li system containing (wt %) 2 % Li and 5 % Mg at q = 5·106 W/cm2, t = 50 – 100 ns after four pulsed impacts of fast ions and deuterium plasma led to the modification the structural-phase state of the surface layer of the alloy, associated with an increase in the content of magnesium oxide and a decrease in the crystal lattice parameter of the Al-based solid solution. The formation of spherical cavities due to the evaporation of lithium into the internal micropores of the surface layer was also found. The low damage and structural stability of Al2O3 ceramics on an Al substrate under beam-plasma impacts in plasma focus device with a radiation power density q ≤ 108 – 109 W/cm2 in the nano- and microsecond range of pulse duration is noted. At the same time, the Al2O3/Al composition was unstable to pulsed laser radiation in the free-running mode (q = 105 – 106 W/cm2, t = 0.7 ms) and Q-switch mode (q = 107 – 108 W/cm2, t = 80 ns). In both cases the coating peeled off from the substrate.

Structure of the freshened surface layer in the Eastern Arctic during ice-free periods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Osadchiev ◽  
Dmitry Frey
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Narrow Channels ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Annual Variability ◽  
The World

<p><span>Discharges from the largest rivers of the World to coastal sea form sea-wide freshened surface layers which areas have order of hundred thousands of square kilometers. Large freshened surface layers (which are among the largest in the World Ocean) are located in the Kara, Laptev, and East-Siberian seas in the Eastern Arctic. </span><span>This work is focused on the structure and inter-annual variability of these freshened water masses during ice-free periods. The freshened surface layer in the Laptev and East-Siberian seas is formed mainly by deltaic rives among which the Lena River contributes about two thirds of the inflowing freshwater volume. Based on in situ measurements, we show that the area of this freshened surface layer is much greater than the area of the freshened surface layer in the neighboring Kara Sea, while the total annual freshwater discharge to the Laptev and East-Siberian seas is 1.5 times less than to the Kara Sea (mainly from the estuaries of the Ob and Yenisei rivers). This feature is caused by differences in morphology of the estuaries and deltas. Shallow and narrow channels of the Lena Delta are limitedly affected by sea water. As a result, undiluted Lena discharge inflows to sea from multiple channels and forms relatively shallow plume, as compared to the Ob-Yenisei plumes which mix with subjacent saline sea water in deep and wide estuaries. The shallow Lena plume spreads over wide area (up to 500 000 km<sup>2</sup>) in the Laptev and East-Siberian seas during and shortly after freshet period in summer and then transforms to the Laptev/East-Siberian ROFI in autumn. Area and position of the relatively shallow freshened surface layer in the Laptev and East-Siberian seas have large inter-annual variability governed by local wind forcing conditions, however, do not show any dependence on significant variability of the annual volume of discharge rate from the Lena River. The deep freshened surface layer in the Kara Sea also has distinct seasonal varability of area and position, however, is stable on inter-annual time scale.<br></span></p>

Improvement of PA6 Mechanical Properties by Radiation Cross-Linking

2015 ◽  
Vol 1120-1121 ◽  
pp. 1163-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Kratky ◽  
David Manas ◽  
Miroslav Manas ◽  
Michal Stanek ◽  
Martin Ovsik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Polymer Material ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Depth Sensing ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Hard Surface ◽  
End Use

Influence of mechanical properties of the hard surface layer of modified polyamide 6 is studied. Mechanical properties are acquired by nanohardness test with using the DSI method (Depth Sensing Indentation). Hard surface layers are created by radiation cross-linking technology. This technology allows polymer materials modification followed by the change of their end-use properties. The surface layer of polymer material is modified by ionizing β - radiation. When the polymer material is exposed to the β radiation, it is possible to observe changes of the surface layer at applied load. Radiation cross-linking usually improves strength, reduces creep, contributes to chemical resistance improvement, and in many cases improves tribological properties.

scholarly journals The formation of the quality parameters of the surface layer by ultrasonic

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 01052
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Shuvaev ◽  
Nadezhda Krylova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Torsional Oscillations

In work the questions of hardening of a surface layer of a detail by means of ultrasonic fluctuations are opened. The developed device for forming ultrasonic longitudinal-torsional oscillations is described, which makes it possible to substantially modify the properties of the surface layers of the parts.

Infiltration into columns of swelling soil as studied by high speed photography

Soil Research ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Collis-George ◽  
R Lal
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Motion Pictures ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
High Speed Photography ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Depth Zone ◽  
Swelling Soil

Columns of aggregates of a soil, which slakes into microaggregates of about 30 � diameter as well as swelling on quick wetting, were examined by high speed photography during infiltration. Because of the collapse of the original structure of surface layers, the supply of water to deeper layers is restricted. Examination of motion pictures and magnified stills for the depth zone just below the collapsed surface layer provides a description of the phenomena occurring during the advance of the front. These phenomena are discussed in terms of limitations of the procedure used, the mechanism of wetting, the displacement of particles, infiltration behaviour, and the nature of swelling and slaking in these systems.

Structure of the regular surface layer of Bacillus polymyxa

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 775-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Burley ◽  
R. G. E. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Bacillus Polymyxa ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Regular Surface ◽  
Protein Subunits ◽  
Digital Image Enhancement ◽  
Spore Forming Bacteria

The structure of the regular surface layer of Bacillus polymyxa has been examined to a resolution of 2.5–3.0 nm in electron micrographs of negatively stained preparations supplemented by optical-digital image enhancement. The layer is composed of morphological units, each consisting of four identical protein subunits, and has p4 symmetry with a = 10.0 nm. Within each unit cell are areas of high stain density of a limiting diameter of 2–3 nm, which are interpreted as holes penetrating the layer. A comparison is made with other tetragonal regular surface layers of spore-forming bacteria, B. sphaericus and Sporosarcina ureae, solved to 2.5-nm resolution. These layers are similar in the conformation of their protein units and in the distribution of the holes in the layer. A general scheme for the architecture of the tetragonal regular surface layers is derived.

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