scholarly journals HEATING CAPABILITY OF POSTPYROGEN PINE WOOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-195
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Tyukavina ◽  
Aleksandra Gudina
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Arkhangelsk Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Ground Fire ◽  
Burnt Areas ◽  
First Time

The forests of the North are characterized by frequent exposure to ground fires. The study of wood qualities at the burnt areas for its rational use is relevant. The aim of the study was to study the calorific value of Scots pine after a ground fire. The studies were conducted in the Permilovsk, Unsk and Obozersk forest districts of the Arkhangelsk region from 2016-2018. The fire duration in the studied areas was 3-8 years. The calorific value of pine wood in an absolutely dry state was determined using an ABK-1V automated bomb calorimeter. The calorific value of pine wood of post-pyrogenic stands averages from 21,389 J/g to 22,452 J/g. In post-pyrogenic stands, the calorific value of pine soundwood is significantly higher (1331 J/g) compared to sapwood. In pine trees that have dried up after a ground fire and in viable trees that are susceptible to 1-2 stages of decay, the calorific value of wood is at the level of healthy trees. It is 21,182 — 22,590 J/g and 21,521 — 22,394 J/g, respectively. However, sapwood for this category of trees has lower values of 19,648 — 19,873 J/g. The average calorific value of pine wood in plantations not damaged by fires is lower by 658 — 1,721 J/g in comparison with post-pyrogenic ones. For the first time, data on the calorific value of post-pyrogenic wood of trees of different status categories were obtained for the north of the Arkhangelsk region. The calorific value of post-pyrogenic pine wood of different categories of state is characterized by increased values. It allows it to be used as raw material for biofuel.

scholarly journals GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF POST-PYROGENIC CHANGES OF POLISSYA SOILS (LOW FIRE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-103
Author(s):  
N.O. Kryuchenko ◽  
E.Ya. Zhovinsky ◽  
P.S. Paparуga
Keyword(s):  
Current Trend ◽  
North West ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
The North ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Burnt Areas ◽  
First Time ◽  
Soil Changes ◽  
Background Area

Geochemical post-pyrogenic soil changes are one of the most important factors in determining the state of the forest ecosystem. For the first time the content of microelements (Hg, As, Ba, Mg, Mn, Mo, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, V, Ni) in post-pyrogenic sod-podzolic soils under the pine forest of Zhytomyr Polissya (Ukraine) was determined by the ICP-MS method. The study is based on a comparison of the content of trace elements in the sod-podzolic soils of the background area and burnt areas (grassland fire in 2019). The analysis of microelements in the soil profile of the burned and background areas to a depth of 10 cm (after 1 cm) and set the limit - 3-5 cm (humus-eluvial horizon), after which you can record the accumulation or scattering of elements after a fire on the surface. By calculating the percentage change (relative to background soils), intensive accumulation (more than 20%) of elements in post-pyrogenic soils - Cu, Ni, Co, V and moderate accumulation (up to 10%) - Pb, Mo, Mg, Ba, Cr and intensive scattering - Hg, As, Cd, Zn, Mn. The increase in the pH of post-pyrogenic soils (from 4.2 to 7.5) was determined, spatial map-schemes were constructed, due to which the direction of the fire was revealed - from the south-east to the north-west. The change of the content of ionic forms of metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn) in the soil solution at different pH values (from 4 to 8 with a step of 0.2) is modeled (PHREEQC program) and the current trend is revealed: Pb - linear dependence, Cu, Zn, Mn is polynomial. The pH limits are calculated, where there are free forms of metals that enter the plants: Pb 3.9-8.2; Zn 5.5-7.5; Cu 5-8.2; Mn 5-11.5. The post-fire transformation of soils was revealed, which is expressed in the increase of pH (before the fire - 4.2-4.8; after the fire - 6.5-7.2; a year after the fire - 4.5-5.5). The obtained results confirmed the need for geochemical monitoring of post-pyrogenic soils for ecosystem restoration and plant biodiversity.

scholarly journals Beginning of “Kulak Exile” to the Tobolsk North (1930)

2020 ◽  
pp. 238-252
Author(s):  
L. V. Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The North ◽  
Special Groups ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
First Time

The article contains systematic information about the process of resettlement of dispossessed peasants to the North of Western Siberia during the 1930s. It is alleged that this was the first stage of peasant exile, which began in February 1930. In total, researchers distinguish three stages (1930-1933). Based on documents and scientific publications, plans for the resettlement of dispossessed peasants to the Tobolsk North is discussed in the article. Features of preparation for the resettlement of “kulaks” and members of their families to the North by the example of agricultural districts of the Ural region are disclosed. The novelty of the study is that the author by comparative analysis reveals the number of peasants to be evicted, as well as the number of peasants who appeared in the Tobolsk north by the end of 1930. Particular attention is paid to the processes of transporting “kulaks” in two stages: in winter, and also in spring et summer (in navigation) in 1930. For the first time, data on the number of peasants delivered by river transport to the North is presented. The names of steamboats, the number of barges that transported people, places of settlement are reported. Statistics on the ratio of the number of local population and special settlers in the Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansiysk districts is provided. Digital data allow the author to conclude that the North of Western Siberia has become a region of increased concentration of special groups of population.

scholarly journals Orchidaceae Juss. in Flora of Chechnya and Their Protection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
E L Tasueva ◽  
R S Magomadova ◽  
A S Abdurzakova ◽  
A M Umaeva ◽  
Z I Shakhgirieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
Protected Plants ◽  
First Time

For the first time, perennial materials on the Orchidacaeae Juss. family of Chechnya are summarizedб consisting of 15 families and 29 species. The largest genus in the family – Orchis L. is represented by 8 species. The article presents information that all members of the family are protected plants listed in the Red Book of Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan, and the Stavropol Territory. Some species are not included in the list of plants to be protected, including those species that have underground tuberoids and can serve as a source of salep (for instance, Platanthera bifolia, P. chlorantha, Herminium monorchis, Traunsteinera sphaerica, Dactylorhisa incarnata, D. salina, D. urvilleana). In this connection, data on the resources of family members and the potential possibilities of their use as a medicinal raw material are of interest. We have carried out resource studies of the most common species of Orchis tridentata Scop, within the North Caucasus. The obtained data allow us to expand our understanding of the species role of Orchidaceae Juss family. Пoлyчeнныe дaнныe пoзBoляют pacшиpить пpeдcтaBлeниe o poли BидoB ceмeйcтBa Orchidaceae Juss. of the North Caucasus flora in the composition of vegetation cover.

Direction of faulting in some of the larger earthquakes of 1949*

1954 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-83
Author(s):  
J. H. Hodgson ◽  
R. S. Storey
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Series Solutions ◽  
Time Data ◽  
The North ◽  
First Motion ◽  
First Time ◽  
Large Earthquakes ◽  
The North Pacific

abstract The Dominion Observatory is carrying out a program to investigate the direction of faulting in large earthquakes through the study of first motion at distant stations. In this, the third paper of the series, solutions are obtained for fifteen earthquakes, with focal depths varying down to 600 km. For the first time, data from PP and P′ are used in obtaining solutions. Seven of the earthquakes considered lie in the North Pacific Ocean, four in South America, two in the southwest Pacific and two in central Asia. The two earthquakes in central Asia apparently occurred on steeply dipping normal faults, but most of the circum-Pacific shocks are due to transcurrent faulting. No attempt is made to correlate the results with structure. The attempt will be postponed until more earthquakes have been reduced.

scholarly journals THE ARKHANGELSK REGION AS AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THE RUSSIAN NORTH AND THE WESTERN GATE OF THE NORTHERN SEA ROUT

Federalism ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
N. S. Stepanov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
North West ◽  
Arkhangelsk Region ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation

The Arkhangelsk region is one of 11 regions of the Russian Federation within the North-West Federal District (NWFD), which unites two economic regions — the North and North-West. Today it represents the largest region of the whole European part of Russia. The article discusses the changing role of the Archangelsk lands in the historical context and their ability to develop in the modern, sometimes not always simple conditions of globalization of the world economy, where international cooperation comes to the fore, based mainly in this particular case on the export of natural resources, which are rich territory. At this time, the economic activity of the Arkhangelsk region is characterized by the predominant raw material component. Based on this, the most important strategic goal is the reorientation of the regional economy to the production of products of deeper processing and to a certain extent with high added value. This refers to the processing industry. The author pays great attention to the problems of small business in local conditions and focuses on such leading segments of the entire industrial complex as the forest industry and shipbuilding. Due to its geographical position, which is favorable from many points of view, the port city of Arkhangelsk itself is considered as a base for the development of the Arctic territories of the Russian Federation and the further effective use of the Northern Sea Route (NSR). Sincere concern to the creator of the article is caused by the environmental problems of the Arkhangelsk region and measures taken to protect the environment.

scholarly journals The calorific value of pine wood after a grassroots fire

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
О.Н. Тюкавина ◽  
А.Г. Гудина
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Material Resource ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Standard Techniques

Значительные площади сосновых лесов ежегодно подвергаются низовым пожарам. После низовых пожаров насаждения остаются жизнеспособными и могут иметь эксплуатационное значение. Выявление свойств постпирогенной древесины позволит рационально использовать её как сырьевой ресурс. Цель исследования - выявление теплотворной способности древесины сосны обыкновенной после низового пожара. Исследования проводили в сосняках брусничных, пройденных низовыми пожарами разной интенсивности, в Благовещенском участковом лесничестве Вельского района Архангельской области. Пробные площади закладывали с использованием стандартных методик. На 6 пробных площадях отбирали керны возрастным буравом у 50 модельных деревьев на высоте 1,3 м. Древесину сушили в сушильном шкафу до абсолютно сухого состояния. Теплотворную способность древесины сосны определяли при помощи автоматизированного бомбового калориметра АБК-1В. Теплотворная способность древесины сосны постпирогенных насаждений изменяется от 20 600 до 26 000 Дж/г, что на 3-8 превышает теплотворную способность древесины сосны из насаждений, неподвергавшихся пожарам. В постпирогенных насаждениях ядровая древесина сосны характеризуется значимо большей теплотворной способностью по сравнению с заболонной. Различие составляет 1331 Дж/г. В насаждениях, не пройденных пожарами, различие теплоты сгорания между ядром и заболонью не значимо. Повышенная теплотворная способность ядровой древесины может указывать на прошедшие в прошлом низовые пожары слабой интенсивности. На теплотворную способность древесины сосны влияет высота нагара. При высоте нагара более 2 м теплотворная способность древесины снижается. Изменение теплотворной способности древесины сосны в зависимости от высоты нагара и положения в поперечном сечении ствола обуславливается не равномерной интенсивностью засмоления. Теплота сгорания древесины сосны начинает снижаться спустя 7 лет после пожара. Significant areas of pine forests are annually exposed to grass-roots fires. After grass-roots fires, plantations remain viable and can be of operational significance. Identification of the properties of post-pyrogenic wood will make it possible to use it rationally as a raw material resource. The purpose of the study is to reveal the calorific value of pine wood after a grassroots fire. Studies were carried out in the pine forests of cowberry, traversed by grass-roots fires of different intensity, in the Blagoveshchensk district forestry of theVelsky district of the Arkhangelsk region. Trial areas were laid using standard techniques. In six trial plots, cores were selected with an age borer in 50 model trees at an altitude of1.3 m. The wood was dried in an oven to an absolutely dry state. The calorific value of pine wood was determined using an automated bomb calorimeter ABK-1B. The calorific value of pine wood of post-pyrogenic plantations varies from 20,600 to 26,000 J/g, which is 3-8 higher than the calorific value of pine wood from stands that have not been exposed to fires. In post-pyrogenic plantations, pine wood is characterized by a significantly greater calorific value compared to sapwood. The difference is 1331 J/g. In plantings not covered by fires, the difference in the calorific value between the core and the sapwood is not significant. The increased calorific value of soundwood can indicate past past fires of low intensity. The calorific value of pine wood is affected by the height of the deposit. At a deposit height of more than 2 m, the calorific value of wood is reduced. The change in the calorific value of pine wood, depending on the height of the deposit and the position in the cross section of the trunk, is determined not by the uniform intensity of the milling. The heat of combustion of pine wood begins to decline after 7 years after the fire.

scholarly journals Growth, development, morphology and biochemical characteristics of Solidago canadensis L. plants when introduced in the middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Vasilyevna Portnyagina ◽  
Vasiliy Vitalyevich Punegov ◽  
Elmira Elizbarovna Echishvili ◽  
Marina Gennadyevna Fomina ◽  
Konstantin Vitalievich Chucha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Solidago Canadensis ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Middle Taiga Subzone ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time

The paper presents the results of a long-term study of four samples of Canadian goldenrod ( Solidago canadensis L.) of different geographic origin introduced in the middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic. Under cultural conditions, the species is highly resistant and longevity (up to 18 years). It has been established that with the introduction in the North, reproduction of the Canadian goldenrod is possible by vegetative means, as well as from seeds of foreign origin. The mass transition of plants grown by seedlings to the generative period occurs in the third year of life. According to the flowering rhythm (July 31 - September 25), the species is classified as a mid-summer-mid-autumn plant. Fruiting of plants is interrupted by frost, full-fledged seeds are not formed. The morphological features of the generative shoot have been studied. The plant height in culture reaches 143-155 cm. The number of leaves on the stem is 63-101. The floral part of the shoot (inflorescence) 30-39 cm long is formed from the axils of 41-49 leaves and consists of 21-41 paracladia 8-13 cm long. The number of baskets on one shoot in different specimens of Canadian goldenrod varies from 2700 to 4200. The content of nitrogen mass fraction (1,8-3,0%) in the aboveground raw phytomass of Canadian goldenrod has been studied for the first time and the quantitative and qualitative composition of amino acids in plant proteins has been determined. The total content of amino acids in the plant raw material of Canadian goldenrod has varied from 7,9 to 15,1% over the years. In the aboveground phytomass of plants, 17 amino acids have been found and determined, including 7 irreplaceable ones. The share of essential amino acids has averaged 37% of the total. The highest rates of equity participation have been noted for the following amino acids: proline, glutamic, aspartic, lysine, leucine, valine, alanine, arginine and glycine - 13,2; 11,0; 10,8; 8,4; 8,0; 5,9; 5,8; 5,7 and 5,2%, respectively. In the conditions of the North, biochemical studies of this species have been carried out for the first time. The content of flavonols in the aboveground raw phytomass of Canadian goldenrod have been 4,5-5,7% and met the requirements for medicinal raw materials (more than 3%). The yield of essential oil and its component composition have been determined. The EO content in the aboveground phytomass of plants has varied from 0,85 to 1,7% in terms of absolutely dry raw material. In the composition of EM, 39 components have been reliably identified, nine of which have been attributed to the main ones. The dominant compounds are: -pinene (up to 43,9%), myrcene (up to 18,2%), limonene (up to 13,2%), -3-carene (up to 12,0%); from sesquiterpenoids: germacrene D (up to 54,3%), bornyl acetate (up to 5,8%), geranyl acetate (up to 2,4%), cadinadiene (up to 2,0%), sesqui-fellandrene (up to 1,4%).

New Fragments of Linear B Tablets From Knossos

1957 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
John Chadwick
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
National Museum ◽  
World War ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second World ◽  
Linear B

In the course of his work at Knossos Sir Arthur Evans set aside a number of tablets, which remained there after the main collection had been removed to the Museum in Iraklion for safe keeping. Some of the fragments retained by Evans were rediscovered in the Villa Ariadne soon after the Second World War by Dr. N. Boufidis of the National Museum in Athens; drawings of them were sent by him to Sir John Myres, who published the texts for the first time in Scripta Minoa ii, where they are distinguished by the prefix ‘M’.Other fragments of tablets which had remained at Knossos were discovered there by Dr. N. Platon in 1956, when he was working in the Stratigraphic Museum. One, published here as X 8101, has already been correctly transcribed in Scripta Minoa II and in The Knossos Tablets, in which publications it is numbered 04–94. A second fragment (S 8100), published here for the first time, belongs to the category of armour. The boxes in which the two tablets were found had ‘Little Palace’ labels on them, but unfortunately they are not a sure guide to the original provenience of the tablets themselves, which appear to have been stored without the exact knowledge of Evans. A third tablet (Og8102) was found about the same time in the neighbourhood of the pine-trees to the north-west of the Palace. All three pieces were brought to our attention by Dr. Platon, to whom we are most grateful for the suggestion that we should publish them. The photographs are the work of Mr. Androulakis of Iraklion, to whom we are indebted for his assistance.

Characterization and evolution of spearfishing in Madeira archipelago, Eastern Atlantic

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Roi Martínez-Escauriaza ◽  
Claudio Vieira ◽  
Lídia Gouveia ◽  
Nuno Gouveia ◽  
Margarida Hermida
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
The North ◽  
Southeast Coast ◽  
Madeira Archipelago ◽  
First Time

Data obtained from licenses of spearfishers and surveys conducted in 2004 and 2017 allowed for the analysis, for the first time, of the practice of spearfishing in the Madeira archipelago. Only a small percentage of the population practices spearfishing, mostly local young men. Most of them practice the activity with a partner throughout most of the year and along most of the island's coastal areas, although preferentially along the North and Southeast coast. Results show how, in recent years, despite the population of spearfishers decreasing, the abundance in the annual catch potentially increased, probably due to the higher investment of time in this activity. It has been observed that many fishers complement their catches with manual collecting of invertebrates. Overall, 40 teleost fishes and also 4 crustaceans and 8 molluscs were identified. The most frequently captured fish species were parrotfish and white seabream, while limpets were the most collected invertebrates in both selected periods.

Sphagnum mosses (Sphagnaceae, Bryophyta) of mires Chefandzar and Masota in North Ossetia (Caucasus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ya. Doroshina ◽  
I. A. Nikolajev
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Sphagnum Mosses ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time ◽  
North Ossetia

Sphagnum mires on the Greater Caucasus are rare, characterized by the presence of relict plant communities of glacial age and are in a stage of degradation. The study of Sphagnum of Chefandzar and Masota mires is carried out for the first time. Seven species of Sphagnum are recorded. Their distribution and frequency within the North Caucasus are analyzed. Sphagnum contortum, S. platyphyllum, S. russowii, S. squarrosum are recorded for the first time for the study area and for the flora of North Ossetia. The other mosses found in the study area are listed.

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