scholarly journals Cultural Change that Occurred in the Religion of Tamilakam

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Suresh R
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Religious Culture ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Feudal Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Economic

The analysis of the religions of Tamilakam should be started from Sangam Age. Though there is no indication of established religion in the Sangam literature, there are plenty of data on established worship patterns. Researchers explain the changes in the social institutions according to the manufacturing relationship. When the social institutions get into changes, the tradition of religious culture too changes accordingly in support of them. As for as Tamil society is concerned, in every age, i.e., from the age of ethnic groups to feudal society, lots of political, economic religious, philosophical and cultural changes have occurred. This paper analyses the interruptions and impacts in the religious cultural tier of Tamils and the specific changes occurred as a result.

Anti-Catholicism in Germany, Britain, and the United States: A Review and Critique of Recent Scholarship

2001 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjule Anne Drury
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Religious Culture ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Irish Question ◽  
Political Economic

The past two decades have seen an efflorescence of works exploring cultural anti-Catholicism in a variety of national contexts. But so far, historians have engaged in little comparative analysis. This article is a first step, examining recent historical literature on modern British and American anti-Catholicism, in order to trace the similarities and distinctiveness of the turn-of-the-century German case. Historians are most likely to be acquainted with American nativism, the German Kulturkampf, continental anticlericalism, and the problems of Catholic Emancipation and the Irish Question in Britain. Many of the themes and functions of anti-Catholic discourse in the West transcended national and temporal boundaries. In each case, the conceptualization of a Catholic ‘other’ is a testament to the tenacity of confessionalism in an age formerly characterized as one of inexorable secularization. Contemporary observers often agreed that religious culture—like history, race, ethnicity, geography, and local custom—played a role in the self-evident distinctiveness of peoples and nations, in their political forms, economic performance, and intellectual and artistic contributions. We will see how confessionalism remained a lens through which intellectuals and ordinary citizens, whether attached or estranged from religious commitments, viewed political, economic, and cultural change.

Narratives for the third millennium

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Ray ◽  
Julian Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
External Stimulus ◽  
Social Formation ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Third Millennium ◽  
Third Millennium Bce

By the later part of the third millennium BCE, Britain had become connected to mainland Europe by the so-called ‘Beaker network’. This appears to have involved the circulation of people, materials, and cultural innovations over trans-continental distances. Most tellingly, it included direct evidence for cross-Channel contact and the movement of individual people into Britain who had lived much or most of their lives in continental Europe. However, the evidence for such contact during the previous few centuries is very much sparser. If, as it seems reasonable to infer, developed passage tombs were ultimately an Atlantic European phenomenon that was adopted in idiosyncratic ways in Ireland, Scotland, and finally Scandinavia during the course of the fourth millennium, routine interactions with the Continent are less easy to identify thereafter. In marked contrast with this, the period after 3000 BCE saw the emergence of a range of new interregional connections within Britain and Ireland. These have been less consistently recognized, as they conflict with the traditional narrative in which populations in central and south-west Asia engaged in periodic wholesale migration northward and westward. Such a narrative of external stimulus to change is less secure in this period because we now realize that the social and cultural changes that overtook Britain in the earlier third millennium originated predominantly in the northern and western parts of these islands. Some of the most significant innovations of the third millennium throughout Britain were ultimately generated in the Orkney archipelago and its immediate sphere of contact. While aspects of the unique developments that took place in the Orkneys can be attributed to connections with Ireland and the Western Isles, these contributed to the emergence of a distinctive social formation that was at once highly competitive and spectacularly creative. By the start of the third millennium, Orkney had become a crucible of social and cultural change, but developments in the islands arguably began to diverge from those on the mainland soon after the Neolithic began, perhaps during the thirty-seventh century BCE.

Disparity in family status attainment between the majority and minority ethnic groups in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-546
Author(s):  
Md. Emaj Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Purpose Structural sociological framework suggests that sociopolitical and economic factors exert independent effects on variations in family status attainment (FSA) across the social/ethnic groups. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and predict how social-political-economic factors exert effects on disparity in FSA between the majority and minority ethnic groups in Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach This study used the cross-cultural survey design to analyze the research objective. In doing so, 585 men (Muslim n=150, Hindu n=145, Santal n=145, and Oraon n=145) who were randomly selected through cluster sampling from the Rasulpur union of Bangladesh were interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire. Findings The results of Pearson’s χ2 test have shown that FSA was significantly different (p<0.01) associated with social-political-economic factors between the majority and minority groups. The results of the linear regression analysis (coefficients of β) suggested that social, political, and economic factors were the best predictors (significant at p<0.01 level) to perpetuate disparity in FSA between the majority and minority ethnic groups in Bangladesh. In addition, the results of coefficients of determination (R2) suggested that unequal distribution of social-political-economic resources perpetuates 10-14 percent disparities in FSA between the majority and minority groups in Bangladesh. Research limitations/implications Although the findings of the study are suggestive to understand the disparity in FSA associated with social-political-economic factors, further cross-cultural research is needed on how the social psychological factor affects variations in FSA between the groups in Bangladesh. In spite of the limitation, social policymakers may apply the findings with caution to design social policy and practice to reduce the disparity in FSA between the majority and minority ethnic groups in Bangladesh. Originality/value The cross-cultural findings are original in linking structural sociological theory and comparative family welfare policy to reduce the disparity in FSA between the majority and minority groups in Bangladesh.

Social Dimensions of Librarian’s Education and the Role Performance of Academic Librarians

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARCHIE B. FAJAGUTANA ◽  
VIRGINIA I. CAINTIC
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Science Education ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Role Performance ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
The Social

Library and information science education is one major concerns of the higher education institution as support to the teaching learning process. The study seeks to determine the relationship between the social dimensions of librarians’ education and the role performance of librarians of academic libraries. The social dimensions of librarians’ education consist of intercultural communication, cultural changes, social institutions and globalization. The role performance of librarians includes librarians as instructional partners, information specialists, program administrators and teachers. Using descriptive-correlational method, validated questionnaires, mean and Pearson (r), it can be concluded that the level of social dimensions of education of librarians in Davao City is moderate; the level of the role performance of librarians in Davao City is high and there was a significant relationship between the social dimensions of education and the role performance of librarians. Recommendations include a proposal for the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) to design a program to enrich librarians’ social dimensions and competencies that comply with the global educational standards and address current needs and their future library user aspirations, considering individual and cultural contexts and present-day technologies.Keywords: library and information science education, social dimensions of education,librarians, descriptive-correlational technique, Davao City, Philippines

The Dalton-Zamoranos

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-73
Author(s):  
Erika Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Representative Case ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mixed Family ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
Political Economic

Relying on the experiences of the Dalton-Zamorano family of Rancho Azusa in Southern California, this article examines how a Californio family fared socially and economically from the mid-nineteenth century to the turn of the twentieth century, a period undergoing rapid social, political, economic, and cultural change. It focuses on the social and geographic borders that the Dalton-Zamoranos crossed culturally, racially, and spatially to pursue upward mobility and social integration. I argue that the Dalton-Zamoranos are a representative case study of biethnic families in Southern California and of the adaptations these families made following the geopolitical regime change. Outlined here is a story not only about struggle and misfortune but also of negotiation and survival by a once-prominent, ethnically mixed family whose trials and tribulations reflected rapid societal changes ushered by a new emergent industrial and capitalist order in the Southwest.

scholarly journals Cultural Tourism: An Ethnographic Study of Home stay in Briddim Village, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-36
Author(s):  
Tek Bahdur Dong
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Tourism

The present scenarios of global tourism reflect that growing not only in the number of tourists around the world but also significantly diffusion of global and tourists’ culture. While tourism brings different peoples together, question may beasked what happened when different societies, one as a host and the other as tourists, encounter in the social field. This study examines the local perspective of home stay tourism with the objective of how private houses and individuals are connected to global tourism and how host community and tourists influence each other lead for cultural change. By applying an ethnographic research methods and tools in the field and reviewing relevant literatures, I argue that home stay businesses not always associated with an economic aspect of profit and loss. Rather it has to be analyzed in the local situational context. Although home stay brought number of positive impacts especially directly employment, women empowerment, increased tourism skills, and community development, this will be incomplete analysis if we look only from the perspective of sustainable business. Engaging with anthropological theories on globalization and theory of cultural change, my study also highlights on cultural exchange between host community and tourists through which both local people and visitors feel change in some movement of their life. While few cultural changes were found among the tourists like food culture, i.e Dal-bhat and Masala tea, the host community was largely influenced by the tourists’ culture. The trekking guides are the best example of tourist culture as they wear tourists’ gears and acculturated with tourists’ norms and values. This culture now became a reality in part of their life with the interconnection of village and global tourism.

scholarly journals Forging the trowel, hammering the Dacians: Marxism and Late Iron Age Archaeology in Romania (1948–1989)

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 23-62
Author(s):  
Alin Henț ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Late Iron Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Key Events

The aim of this paper is to make a critical evaluation of the Romanian historiography from 1948–1989 which had as a subject of study the social history of the northern Balkan communities in the Late Iron Age period. The two years that I have chosen have both a symbolical and a chronological value. The year 1948 marks the beginning of an extensive and radical process of political, economic, social, and cultural changes, while the year 1989 symbolizes the fall of the Romanian “communist” regime. I propose a contextual analysis, which takes into account the evolution of the “communist” regime, as well as some key events that shaped the discourse. Through this evaluation, I want to intervene in the symbolic struggles that had as a final stake the Late Iron Age archaeology from Romania. Without claiming an objective analysis, I want to offer an alternative to the distorted portrayals which had existed so far. Although labelled as a “Communist” or “Marxist” historiography, it never strayed too far from the nationalist ideology, creating massive distortions along its way. In almost 50 years, the Romanian Late Iron Age historiography has gone from a formal and superficial application of Marxist theories, to a relative liberalization, and finally returned to an almost right‑wing discourse over the Dacian past. Moreover, I will show, in contrast to the classical post‑Communist view that the Late Iron Age archaeology in Romania was in touch, at least at some point, to the contemporary historiographical debates.

Cosmopolitanism

2010 ◽  
pp. 90-107
Author(s):  
Robert A. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human Reality ◽  
Relevant Group ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Economic

Cosmopolitanism is the view that the relevant ethical community is all of humanity. In this chapter, I will examine three somewhat different cosmopolitan theories: The pluralist theory of Thomas Pogge (2002), the social contract theory of Charles Beitz (1979 and 1999), and the utilitarian theory of Peter Singer (2004). All theories hold that humanity as a whole is the relevant ethical community for global ethics. All theories also hold that ethical principles are essentially principles for individuals. Taking the individual as ethically primary may be what makes cosmopolitanism plausible. Human reality for these theorists is just individual human beings endowed with moral principles. But it is not an accidental fact that human beings live in society. Like ants, termites, lions and chimpanzees, they have evolved so that living in groups is not optional for them. The many benefits produced by social institutions, whether formal or informal, depend on our human ability to forgo self-interest in the interest of the relevant group. The group principles—ethical, political, economic—allowing us to do this are not optional either, especially those having to do with nations. So to begin with it seems that cosmopolitan theories may have too limited a view of human reality. However, I will give these theories a chance. The main questions I will ask of each theory are: The rationale for basing ethics on individuals as members of the group all of humanity; and the plausibility of each theory as a basis for transnational ethics.

scholarly journals SOCIO-CULTURAL TRANSFORMATION IN POST-SOVIET UKRAINE

Skhid ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
VOLODYMYR SKVORETS ◽  
IGOR KUDINOV
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
General Context ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The relevance of the research problem is that the understanding of socio-cultural transformation allows us to identify social processes that affect the functioning of post-Soviet Ukrainian society. The research subject is the social processes that determine the content and nature of socio-cultural transformation of post-Soviet Ukrainian society. The purpose of the article is to comprehend the impact of socio-cultural changes on the functioning of post-Soviet Ukrainian society. The methodology of the socio-cultural transformation research is based on the use of systematic, logical, historical, dialectical and socio-cultural approaches and methods. The results of scientific research. In post-Soviet Ukraine, the general context of socio-cultural change is due to the implementation of market reforms that have led to privatization, deindustrialization, mass marginalization, transition to a liberal state and depopulation. These processes have led to socio-cultural changes in the lives of Ukrainian citizens. There were important changes in the social sphere, the social structure of the population, the distribution of national wealth, which changed the direction of its movement from the dominance of social development to the predominance of social degradation. There was a change in the social matrix of society’s reproduction: there was a transition from the dominance of the middle classes’ culture to the spread of the culture of the poor, the main feature of which is the struggle for survival. The essence of the socio-cultural transformation of post-Soviet Ukrainian society is the transition from the absolutism of the state to the absolutism of the market, which means the transformation of everything possible into a commodity, and the dominance of commodity-money relations in all spheres of public life. This transition was accompanied by a change in the historical and cultural type of human personality, commercialization, deprofessionalization, as well as the primitivization of public administration. Changes in the culture’s state have complicated the reproduction of society as a whole. The Soviet way of life has been dismantled, and the failure of the social matrix indicates that a new way of life in post-Soviet Ukraine has not yet been formed, and therefore socio-cultural transformation must be aimed at its formation. The practical value of the results lies in substantiating the content of socio-cultural transformation in post-Soviet Ukraine and its impact on the functioning of society.

Conclusions

2019 ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Vera Lomazzi ◽  
Isabella Crespi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
National Level ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Equality Rights ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
The One ◽  
Transnational Strategy ◽  
Political Economic

This chapter points out strength and weak elements of the gender mainstreaming strategy. On the one hand it represents one of the few attempts of installing a transnational strategy for gender equality proposing shared values and standards.Such a strategy boosted the development of a formal recognition of gender equality rights in institutions, workplaces and individual opinions. However, itentailsalso controversial aspects. For example, it still faces missteps in the conceptualisation of gender equality, with relevant consequences in the achievement of results. Furthermore, gender-equality policies have been marginalised progressively in the past decade as a result of political and institutional choices implemented at the European level and today risk being even more overlooked by the political debates at the national level. The future of gender equality depends by the awareness that establishing a legal basis for it is only the first step of a broader process that, to be effective, needs to promote a substantial cultural change within political, economic and social institutions, as well as public opinion.

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