scholarly journals Perceiving Reality through Absurdity: a Prime Projection in Beckett’s Waiting for Godot and Ahmad’s the Thing

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shahnaj Parvin ◽  
Rahman M Mahbub
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Narrative Research ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Ultimate Reality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Spirit ◽  
The West ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Waiting For Godot

This paper offers an in-depth analysis of Beckett’s Waiting for Godot and Ahmad’s The Thing with the focus on the sense of craving to go on and to endure the existence, the ultimate reality of human life. Between these two extraordinary playwrights of Absurd Theatre, one is from the West, and the other is from the East. So, a meticulous survey on these two selected plays unfolds trajectories of convergence. This research will show that though the two plays are of two opposite continents, they are primly projecting the same theme of realizing reality through absurdity using the same structural techniques of absurd drama. The researchers find it remarkable that despite an outwardly hopeless fate, both the plays express the human spirit of continuing life through endurance and invite the audience to win the absurdity of life by enduring it. Such is reality, and,in both the plays, this realization of accepting reality comes through absurdity. However, it is narrative research that follows the descriptive-cum analytical method, and the relevant textual references are given as evidence to support the argument of this study.

Churchill's Tragic Materialism; or, Imagining a Posthuman Tragedy

PMLA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Human Genome ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Spirit ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
The West ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
Caryl Churchill ◽  
Bosnian War ◽  
New Materialisms

It would seem impossible to wrench dramatic tragedy away from humanism. In their encounters with fate, capricious gods, or a corrupt polis, tragedy's protagonists confront the injustice and futility of existence, and in their suffering and defeat they affirm the “indomitability of the human spirit,” the preeminent value of human life. Certainly this is George Steiner's view in The Death of Tragedy (1961), although his conservative hierarchies (no gods, no tragedy) have been refuted by critics who argue that there is profound tragedy in ordinary life (Williams; Eagleton; Poole) and that tragedy “continually adapts itself to the conditions of experience” (States 199). However, even Steiner's debunkers embrace his notion of tragedy as extremity, as an encounter with extrahuman forces and suffering far exceeding human guilt. So, I argue here, does the British playwright Caryl Churchill, who in 1994 produced a diptych of contemporary tragedy: The Skriker, first mounted in January 1994, and her translation of Seneca's Thyestes, staged just four months later. Taken together these plays absorb the “conditions of experience” of the mid-1990s in the West. Along with the horrors of the Bosnian War and continuing environmental and economic crises, such conditions might well include the widely touted mapping of the human genome, begun in 1990 and concluded in 2003, and, concurrently, a popular and scholarly fascination with affects, intensities, and “the lively immanence of matter” (Coole and Frost 9). What happens to the humanist foundations of tragedy when understandings of the human are subjected to these “new materialisms”? Churchill's The Skriker, along with her translation of Thyestes, invites us to imagine a seeming oxymoron, a posthuman tragedy.

scholarly journals Love and Spirituality in Anita Desai’s ‘Cry, the Peacock’ and Rabindranath Tagore’s ‘Breezy April’

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Arijit Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anita Desai ◽  
The West ◽  
Rabindranath Tagore ◽  
Women Novelists ◽  
Other Hand

Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) was the first non-European and the first Indian to win the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913. He was awarded the prize for Gitanjali. Tagore was a multi-faceted personality who not only composed poems, verses, short stories, novels etc but also sketched and painted with equal brilliance. As a flag-bearer, he presented the best of India to the West and vice-versa. In Breezy April, Tagore combines romanticism with spiritualism. On the other hand, Anita Desai (born-1937) is the youngest among the women novelists of eminence in India. The spiritual aspect of human life is at the centre of attention in her works. Women protagonists of fragile exterior and strong interior take the lead in Anita Desai’s works of fiction. Spirituality is an integral part of most of her works. In her first novel Cry, the Peacock (1963), Desai minutely depicts both love as well as deep spiritual intricacies.

Immanence and Transcendence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merold Westphal
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Ultimate Reality ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Social Constructions ◽  
Human Spirit ◽  
Human Reason ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Self

This chapter distinguishes three modes of immanence and transcendence with reference to God: cosmological, epistemic, and ethical. Immanence affirms, while transcendence denies that God is contained within the world, and thus within the limits of human reason, or within the norms and resources of human society and culture. Hegel serves as the model of immanence within the nineteenth century. He affirms that spirit is the ultimate reality, and it turns out that he means the human spirit in its social constructions, its cultural self-understanding, and its historical unfolding. We can call this a humanistic pantheism. Kierkegaard develops the model of transcendence in the form of a personalist theism. God is personal as an agent (not merely a force or cause) and a performer of speech acts. As such God is a reality independent of and transcendent to human life in all its forms.

Churchill's Tragic Materialism; or, Imagining a Posthuman Tragedy

PMLA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-760
Author(s):  
Elin Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Human Genome ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Spirit ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
The West ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
Caryl Churchill ◽  
Bosnian War ◽  
New Materialisms

It would seem impossible to wrench dramatic tragedy away from humanism. In their encounters with fate, capricious gods, or a corrupt polis, tragedy's protagonists confront the injustice and futility of existence, and in their suffering and defeat they affirm the “indomitability of the human spirit,” the preeminent value of human life. Certainly this is George Steiner's view in The Death of Tragedy (1961), although his conservative hierarchies (no gods, no tragedy) have been refuted by critics who argue that there is profound tragedy in ordinary life (Williams; Eagleton; Poole) and that tragedy “continually adapts itself to the conditions of experience” (States 199). However, even Steiner's debunkers embrace his notion of tragedy as extremity, as an encounter with extrahuman forces and suffering far exceeding human guilt. So, I argue here, does the British playwright Caryl Churchill, who in 1994 produced a diptych of contemporary tragedy: The Skriker, first mounted in January 1994, and her translation of Seneca's Thyestes, staged just four months later. Taken together these plays absorb the “conditions of experience” of the mid-1990s in the West. Along with the horrors of the Bosnian War and continuing environmental and economic crises, such conditions might well include the widely touted mapping of the human genome, begun in 1990 and concluded in 2003, and, concurrently, a popular and scholarly fascination with affects, intensities, and “the lively immanence of matter” (Coole and Frost 9). What happens to the humanist foundations of tragedy when understandings of the human are subjected to these “new materialisms”? Churchill's The Skriker, along with her translation of Thyestes, invites us to imagine a seeming oxymoron, a posthuman tragedy.

scholarly journals Hope in Hopelessness: Appreciating “Waiting” as an Essential Device in Selected Plays of Beckett and Ahmad

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Rahman M Mahbub ◽  
Shahnaj Parvin
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Narrative Research ◽  
Psychological Reality ◽  
Structural Patterns ◽  
Theatre Of The Absurd ◽  
Waiting For Godot ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Harsh Reality

This paper aims to explore and appreciate “waiting” as an essential device in selected plays of Beckett and Ahmad. They defy traditions and conventions of plays by inventing their own innovative and individualistic manner of manipulating structural patterns to shape the Absurd dramas. This paper focuses on the incessant incidence of the “waiting” in Beckett’s Waiting for Godot and Ahmad’s The Thing, and analyzes how important this waiting matters to the characters. The essential device of ‘waiting for’ and the open possibility of a change is what keeps hope alive. Through the journey of the characters, the playwrights focus on how man can confront and survive against the hostility of surroundings through ‘waiting.’ This is narrative research that follows descriptive-cum analytical method, and the textual references are given as evidence to support theargument of this study. It is found that the reality of the situation in which the absurd character appears is a psychological reality expressed in images that are the outward projection of states of their mind. That is why the Theatre of the Absurd can be considered an image of the human being’s inner world. It presents a truer picture of reality itself, reality as grasped by an individual that helps the characters as well as the audience to comprehend the harsh reality that life is full of qualms through their absurd conditions.

scholarly journals Teacher and student interactions and characteristics from critical theorists school

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Akbar Salehi
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Public Hearing ◽  
Student Interactions ◽  
The Way

<p><span>In recent years, critical thinkers have done serious discussions in education and other fields in our lives like social, cultural, political and economical. This paper is going to consider some of the critical thinkers’ theories in order to clarify teacher and student interactions in education. The research is a type of fundamental and qualitative study which frames teacher and student interactions by means of a descriptive – analytical method. Accordingly, we introduce critical teacher as a teacher who includes specific characteristics like emancipation, critical nature and openness. Therefore mentioned teacher attends the role of culture in human life and he resists reproduced by the regime. He is someone who provides the way for public hearing; in addition, he teaches his students how to resist domination. On the other side, a student in this school will not be dominated by the regime by means of its essential tools as probe and questioning. A student has been taught to hear everyone regardless of race, religion and social class. Finally, this paper proposes applying these ideas for educational systems informal and operational ways.</span></p>

scholarly journals THE LOGICAL PROBLEM OF EVIL IN ISLAM AND CHRISTIANITY: A Comparative Approach in the Thought System of Ibn Sînâ and Richard Swinburne

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Mukhammad Zamzami ◽  
Abdullah HosseiniEskandian ◽  
Aabas Aabaszadeh ◽  
Muktafi Muktafi
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Divine Attributes ◽  
The West ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Logical Problem ◽  
Islam And Christianity ◽  
Richard Swinburne

<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The study of the ideas of Ibn Sînâ and Richard Swinburne as the pioneers of Islamic philosophy and the West philosophy, and on the other hand, the existing scholastic and ideological differences, is something that can help us to become more familiar with the thoughts of these philosophers and intellectual differences and similarities. In this research, with the analytical method and using the necessary documents, the nature, types, and solutions of evil in the thought of Ibn Sînâ and Swinburne are examined, and also the two philosophers’ thoughts about evil are compared. Both philosophers have considered the existence of evil not in contradiction with the divine attributes, but it is necessary for the acquisition of good, the minimum existence of which is necessary for the best system of creation.<strong> </strong><br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Kajian terhadap pemikiran Ibn Sînâ dan Richard Swinburne tentang kejahatan menjadi menarik untuk dianalisis karena perbedaan horizon berpikir keduanya. Jika Ibn Sînâ mewakili tradisi filsafat Islam, maka Richard Swinburne dianggap mewakili filsafat Barat kontemporer. Dalam artikel ini, penulis menganalisis dari dokumen kepustakaan yang diperlukan, baik tentang sifat, jenis, dan solusi atas kejahatan menurut pandangan Ibn Sînâ dan Swinburne. Bagi kedua filsuf, eksistensi kejahatan tidak bertentangan dengan sifat-sifat ilahi, tetapi ia diperlukan untuk memperoleh kebaikan dan keberadaan minimum yang diperlukan untuk sistem penciptaan perbuatan terbaik.</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> evil, Ibn Sînâ, Richard Swinburne, Divine attributes, world of creation<em></em></p>

scholarly journals Getting to Know the Last Five Years Trend on Microcontroller Research: A Bibliometric Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2110 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
M Yantidewi ◽  
B Jatmiko ◽  
I Sucahyo ◽  
A Kholiq ◽  
N A Lestari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract A microcontroller is a compressed microcomputer manufactured to control embedded systems in office machines, robots, home appliances, motor vehicles, and several other gadgets. This device has played significant and essential roles in daily human life. Unfortunately, an in-depth analysis related to microcontrollers has not been found. Hence, it is compulsory to conduct a comprehensive analysis to understand better the research themes and trends in a specific scientific scope. This study aims to determine the extent of the research development on microcontrollers carried out throughout 2017-2021 through bibliometric analysis. From the bibliometric analysis that has been performed, we can conclude that research on microcontrollers is dominated by sensors, algorithms, voltage, and power. On the other hand, research that shows the relationship between solar panels and microcontrollers is still lacking. With this finding, it is hoped that researchers will focus their research on potential topics that are rarely looked at.

PENGGUNAAN RINFOCAL SEBAGAI APLIKASI PENGINGAT (REMINDER) KEGIATAN AKADEMIK PADA PERGURUAN TINGGI

CCIT Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Indri Handayani ◽  
Qurotul Aini ◽  
Yessy Oktavyanti
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Digital Form ◽  
Mind Mapping ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Schedule Time

      Progress of technology and its developed is going so rapidly nowadays and it provide big affect on human life, some of them were education and daily life. Due to its development we also know the other form of calendar which is in digital form that we usually found in gadgets such as handphone or tablets and surely it is portable. Rinfo which is an email supporting facilities for the needs of Raharja College may help Pribadi Raharja in coordination and communication about task and/or event. Rinfo has some applications that integrated with Rinfo itself, such as RinfoGroup, RinfoSites, RinfoDocs, RinfoDrive, RinfoH and RinfoCal. RinfoCal is an calendar application that can be use as schedule time reminder application and it will send any reminder not only to one person but some or couple persons. RinfoCal may sent an pop-up notification or email notification. This paper will discuss about what is RinfoCal, how to use it, what’s the purpose of using RinfoCal, benefit of RinfoCal and so on. But, instead of its benefit, there are also some shortages including many people who using Rinfo doesn’t get the benefit of RinfoCal because they just pretending that RinfoCal is just an usual calendar.  This paper also present six problems from conventional reminder that will solved by RinfoCal fews are just doing reminders only once at a time or just remembering only one person, a mind mapping to simplify the analyze of problem and make the best solution, eight literature reviews that had been done to help analyzing problems of research. 

Comparative Analysis of Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar’s Travels to European Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Aysel KAMAL ◽  
Sinem ATIS
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Young Lady ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
The West ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Turkish Literature ◽  
Art And Architecture

Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar (1901-1962) is one of the most controversial authors in the 20th century Turkish literature. Literature critics find it difficult to place him in a school of literature and thought. There are many reasons that they have caused Tanpinar to give the impression of ambiguity in his thoughts through his literary works. One of them is that he is always open to (even admires) the "other" thought to a certain age, and he considers synthesis thinking at later ages. Tanpinar states in the letter that he wrote to a young lady from Antalya that he composed the foundations of his first period aesthetics due to the contributions from western (French) writers. The influence of the western writers on him has also inspired his interest in the materialist culture of the West. In 1953 and 1959 he organized two tours to Europe in order to see places where Western thought and culture were produced. He shared his impressions that he gained in European countries in his literary works. In the literary works of Tanpinar, Europe comes out as an aesthetic object. The most dominant facts of this aesthetic are music, painting, etc. In this work, in the writings of Tanpinar about the countries that he travelled in Europe, some factors were detected like European culture, lifestyle, socio-cultural relations, art and architecture, political and social history and so on. And the effects of European countries were compared with Tanpinar’s thought and aesthetics. Keywords: Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar, Europe, poetry, music, painting, culture, life

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