scholarly journals Hope in Hopelessness: Appreciating “Waiting” as an Essential Device in Selected Plays of Beckett and Ahmad

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Rahman M Mahbub ◽  
Shahnaj Parvin
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Narrative Research ◽  
Psychological Reality ◽  
Structural Patterns ◽  
Theatre Of The Absurd ◽  
Waiting For Godot ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Harsh Reality

This paper aims to explore and appreciate “waiting” as an essential device in selected plays of Beckett and Ahmad. They defy traditions and conventions of plays by inventing their own innovative and individualistic manner of manipulating structural patterns to shape the Absurd dramas. This paper focuses on the incessant incidence of the “waiting” in Beckett’s Waiting for Godot and Ahmad’s The Thing, and analyzes how important this waiting matters to the characters. The essential device of ‘waiting for’ and the open possibility of a change is what keeps hope alive. Through the journey of the characters, the playwrights focus on how man can confront and survive against the hostility of surroundings through ‘waiting.’ This is narrative research that follows descriptive-cum analytical method, and the textual references are given as evidence to support theargument of this study. It is found that the reality of the situation in which the absurd character appears is a psychological reality expressed in images that are the outward projection of states of their mind. That is why the Theatre of the Absurd can be considered an image of the human being’s inner world. It presents a truer picture of reality itself, reality as grasped by an individual that helps the characters as well as the audience to comprehend the harsh reality that life is full of qualms through their absurd conditions.

scholarly journals Perceiving Reality through Absurdity: a Prime Projection in Beckett’s Waiting for Godot and Ahmad’s the Thing

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shahnaj Parvin ◽  
Rahman M Mahbub
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Narrative Research ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Ultimate Reality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Spirit ◽  
The West ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Waiting For Godot

This paper offers an in-depth analysis of Beckett’s Waiting for Godot and Ahmad’s The Thing with the focus on the sense of craving to go on and to endure the existence, the ultimate reality of human life. Between these two extraordinary playwrights of Absurd Theatre, one is from the West, and the other is from the East. So, a meticulous survey on these two selected plays unfolds trajectories of convergence. This research will show that though the two plays are of two opposite continents, they are primly projecting the same theme of realizing reality through absurdity using the same structural techniques of absurd drama. The researchers find it remarkable that despite an outwardly hopeless fate, both the plays express the human spirit of continuing life through endurance and invite the audience to win the absurdity of life by enduring it. Such is reality, and,in both the plays, this realization of accepting reality comes through absurdity. However, it is narrative research that follows the descriptive-cum analytical method, and the relevant textual references are given as evidence to support the argument of this study.

4. Salesmen, southerners, anger, and ennui

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten E. Shepherd-Barr
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Tennessee Williams ◽  
Theatre Of The Absurd ◽  
Look Back ◽  
Streetcar Named Desire ◽  
Waiting For Godot ◽  
A Streetcar Named Desire ◽  
The Way ◽  
Death Of A Salesman

From 1940 to 1960 some of modern drama’s most famous plays were staged: Tennessee Williams’ A Streetcar Named Desire (1947) and Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman (1949), attaining a new kind of tragedy and a particularly American brand of realism; and, in London, Beckett’s Waiting for Godot (1955) and John Osborne’s Look Back in Anger (1956), introducing, respectively, the ‘theatre of the absurd’ and a new linguistic and emotional brutality, inaugurating an era of ‘kitchen sink’ realism. ‘Salesmen, southerners, anger, and ennui’ shows how these radically different dramas expanded plays’ subject matter as well as their formal and linguistic properties; in particular, they changed forever the way language (and silence) worked on stage.

scholarly journals The Absurd as a Representation: Towards a Hermeneutics of the Inexplicable (The Problematic Case of Godot)

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-86
Author(s):  
Krystyna Rybińska
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Hermeneutics ◽  
Problematic Case ◽  
Philosophical Interpretation ◽  
Theatre Of The Absurd ◽  
Waiting For Godot ◽  
Existentialist Philosophy ◽  
The Aesthetic

Abstract This article attempts to re-signify the already extensively discussed conception of the absurd attributed to the aesthetic phenomenon presented by the so-called theatre of the absurd by critically reconsidering its paradigmatic work Waiting for Godot in relation to philosophical hermeneutics (Heidegger, Gadamer, Ricoeur). The fact that Beckett’s artistic method invalidates the transparency of the mirror-like relation between reality and art is known, and yet the potential theoretical consequences of such a literary revolution do not seem to have been exhausted - particularly in respect to the category of the absurd. Hence, the presented inquiry aims to view the phenomenon quite against its common conceptualizations derived from existentialist philosophy in order to indicate a possible route of exploring it from a hermeneutic perspective and thereby challenging, to some extent, Simon Critchley’s (2004: 165) famous assertion that Beckett’s oeuvre seems “uniquely resistant to philosophical interpretation”.

scholarly journals The Image of the 'Saviour' in Waiting for Godot and Islam: A Thematic Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 1756-1765
Author(s):  
Ameer Abd Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
King Arthur ◽  
Theatre Of The Absurd ◽  
Waiting For Godot ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Living Creature

The idea of the 'saviour' has been an interesting subject matter for many specialists for a very long time. Its interset can be attributed to many reasons, probably the most important one is religion. Allusions to the saviour seem to be present in almost all religions, heavenly or earthly. It has been noted that even the pagan tribes believe in the existence of a saviour as a part of their cultures and traditions. Another reason stems back to man's weakness as a living creature and his constant need for a natural, or supernatural, power to save him from misery, oppression, injustice, ...etc. The saviour could be a superbeing or human being. For instance, Beowulf is looked at as a saviour, and King Arthur was, for a long time, thought to be a saviour that one day he will come and save his people, and many legends have been written in this respect. The aim of this study is to highlight the 'saviour' as a concept in Samuel Becket's play Waiting for Godot and explore its interpretations as tackled by two 'schools': The Theatre of the Absurd and Existentialism, then compare it to the concept of the saviour from Islam's point of view. The study falls into four chapters. Chapter one is devoted to outline the 'saviour' as a term, the belief in the presence of the saviour in general, and how the idea of the saviour is looked at by different writers and philosophers. Chapter two highlights the principles of the Theatre of the Absurd that are concerned with the 'saviour' and how those principles are reflected in the play. It also shows how 'waiting' becomes adherent to the word 'saviour'. Thereafter, the existentialism philosophy is examined since the principles of the Theatre of the Absurd are closely related to the it. Chapter three is spared for showing the concept of the saviour in  Islam in general, and in the Shia sect in specific. In order to accomplish this aim, some Quranic verses and Hadiths (reports of  Prophet Mohamed's teachings collected after His death) are presented as examples to show the belief in the existence of the Saviour (Mahdi) in Islam. Finally, the study ends with chapter four which, in the light of the research findings, compares the image of the saviour in Waiting for Godot and Islam.                                                

COMMUNICATION IN THE EUROPEAN THEATRE OF THE ABSURD (ON THE EXAMPLE OF EUGÈNE IONESCO'S AND SAMUEL BECKETT'S PLAYS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
MARINA I. TRUNILINA ◽  
◽  
MARIA V. PITELINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Breakdown ◽  
Theatre Of The Absurd ◽  
Waiting For Godot ◽  
European Theatre

The article examines the features of communication in the plays of the Theatre of the Absurd. The absence in the act of communication of the most important components such as objectives, motives and needs - leads to communication breakdown. The consequence of communication breakdown is language disintegration, which we observe in the case of lack of lexical and grammatical connections, the absence of semantic connection between the objects of conversation, in the illogical inferences of the heroes, in the multidimensional dialogue. The material of the research is the plays "The Bald Singer" by E. Ionesco and "Waiting for Godot" by S. Beckett.

LPCD framework: Analytical tool or psychological model?

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Danks
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Bayesian Decision ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Psychological Model ◽  
Psychological Reality ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Bayesian Decision Making

AbstractThe target article uses a mathematical framework derived from Bayesian decision making to demonstrate suboptimal decision making but then attributes psychological reality to the framework components. Rahnev & Denison's (R&D) positive proposal thus risks ignoring plausible psychological theories that could implement complex perceptual decision making. We must be careful not to slide from success with an analytical tool to the reality of the tool components.

Densitometric Identification of Primitive Erythroblasts After Reaction With Diaminobenzidine

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
John A. Trotter
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽  
Peroxidatic Activity ◽  
Small Density

Hemoglobin is the specific protein of red blood cells. Those cells in which hemoglobin synthesis is initiated are the earliest cells that can presently be considered to be committed to erythropoiesis. In order to identify such early cells electron microscopically, we have made use of the peroxidatic activity of hemoglobin by reacting the marrow of erythropoietically stimulated guinea pigs with diaminobenzidine (DAB). The reaction product appeared as a diffuse and amorphous electron opacity throughout the cytoplasm of reactive cells. The detection of small density increases of such a diffuse nature required an analytical method more sensitive and reliable than the visual examination of micrographs. A procedure was therefore devised for the evaluation of micrographs (negatives) with a densitometer (Weston Photographic Analyzer).

Bulk standards for low-temperature biological x-ray microanalysis

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 282-283
Author(s):  
P. Echlin ◽  
M. McKoon ◽  
E.S. Taylor ◽  
C.E. Thomas ◽  
K.L. Maloney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Absolute Concentration ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Analytical Procedures ◽  
Electrical Conductors

Although sections of frozen salt solutions have been used as standards for x-ray microanalysis, such solutions are less useful when analysed in the bulk form. They are poor thermal and electrical conductors and severe phase separation occurs during the cooling process. Following a suggestion by Whitecross et al we have made up a series of salt solutions containing a small amount of graphite to improve the sample conductivity. In addition, we have incorporated a polymer to ensure the formation of microcrystalline ice and a consequent homogenity of salt dispersion within the frozen matrix. The mixtures have been used to standardize the analytical procedures applied to frozen hydrated bulk specimens based on the peak/background analytical method and to measure the absolute concentration of elements in developing roots.

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