scholarly journals Inoculation of fowlpox viruses coexpressing avian influenza H5 and chicken IL-15 cytokine gene stimulates diverse host immune responses

2019 ◽  
pp. 84-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Razak Mariatulqabtiah ◽  
Nadzreeq Nor Majid ◽  
Efstathios S. Giotis ◽  
Abdul Rahman Omar ◽  
Michael A. Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Fowlpox virus (FWPV) has been used as a recombinant vaccine vector to express antigens from several important avian pathogens. Attempts have been made to improve vaccine strains induced-host immune responses by coexpressing cytokines. This study describes the construction of recombinant FWPV (rFWPV) strain FP9 and immunological responses in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, co-expressing avian influenza virus (AIV) H5 of A/Chicken/Malaysia/5858/2004, and chicken IL-15 cytokine genes. Expression of H5 (50 kD) was confirmed by western blotting. Anti-H5 antibodies, which were measured by the haemagglutinin inhibition test, were at the highest levels at Week 3 post-inoculation in both rFWPV/H5- and rFWPV/H5/IL-15-vaccinated chickens, but decreased to undetectable levels from Week 5 onwards. CD3+/CD4+ or CD3+/CD8+T cell populations, assessed using flow cytometry, were significantly increased in both WT FP9- and rFWPV/H5-vaccinated chickens and were also higher than in rFWPV/H5/IL-15- vaccinated chickens, at Week 2. Gene expression analysis using real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) demonstrated upregulation of IL-15 expression in all vaccinated groups with rFWPV/H5/IL-15 having the highest fold change, at day 2 (117±51.53). Despite showing upregulation, fold change values of the IL-18 expression were below 1.00 for all vaccinated groups at day 2, 4 and 6. This study shows successful construction of rFWPV/H5 co-expressing IL-15, with modified immunogenicity upon inoculation into SPF chickens.

Gonadotrophins modulate cell death-related genes expression in human endometrium

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Sacchi ◽  
Paola Sena ◽  
Chiara Addabbo ◽  
Erika Cuttone ◽  
Antonio La Marca
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Endometrial Cells ◽  
Microtubule Associated Proteins ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Family ◽  
Apoptosis Marker

AbstractBackgroundGonadotrophins exert their functions by binding follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) or luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) present on endometrium. Within ovaries, FSH induces autophagy and apoptosis of granulosa cells leading to atresia of non-growing follicles, whereas hCG and LH have anti-apoptotic functions. Endometrial cells express functioning gonadotrophin receptors. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of gonadotrophins on physiology and endometrial cells survival.Materials and methodsCollected endometria were incubated for 48 or 72 h with 100 ng/mL of recombinant human FSH (rhFSH), recombinant human LH (rhLH) or highly purified hCG (HPhCG) alone or combined. Controls omitted gonadotrophins. The effect of gonadotrophins on cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A polypeptide 1 (CYP11A1), hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1A), and cell-death-related genes expression was evaluated by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Immunohistochemistry for microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (MAP1LC3B) and apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (APAF-1) was performed.ResultsGonadotrophins are able to modulate the endometrial cells survival. FSH induced autophagy and apoptosis by increasing the relative expression of MAP1LC3B and FAS receptor. In FSH-treated samples, expression of apoptosis marker APAF-1 was detected and co-localized on autophagic cells. hCG and LH does not modulate the expression of cell-death-related genes while the up-regulation of pro-proliferative epiregulin gene was observed. When combined with FSH, hCG and LH prevent autophagy and apoptosis FSH-induced.ConclusionsDifferent gonadotrophins specifically affect endometrial cells viability differently: FSH promotes autophagy and apoptosis while LH and hCG alone or combined with rhFSH does not.

scholarly journals Expression of genes encoding IGFBPs, SNARK, CD36, and PECAM1 in the liver of mice treated with chromium disilicide and titanium nitride nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
Dmytro O. Minchenko ◽  
D. O. Tsymbal ◽  
O. P. Yavorovsky ◽  
N. V. Solokha ◽  
O. H. Minchenko
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Nitride ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Working Day ◽  
20 Nm

AbstractObjective. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of chromium disilicide and titanium nitride nanoparticles on the expression level of genes encoding important regulatory factors (IGFBP1, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, IGFBP4, IGFBP5, SNARK/NUAK2, CD36, and PECAM1/CD31) in mouse liver for evaluation of possible toxic effects of these nanoparticles.Methods. Male mice received 20 mg chromium disilicide nanoparticles (45 nm) and titanium nitride nanoparticles (20 nm) with food every working day for 2 months. The expression of IGFBP1, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, IGFBP4, IGFBP5, SNARK, CD36, and PECAM1 genes in mouse liver was studied by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results. Treatment of mice with chromium disilicide nanoparticles led to down-regulation of the expression of IGFBP2, IGFBP5, PECAM1, and SNARK genes in the liver in comparison with control mice, with more prominent changes for SNARK gene. At the same time, the expression of IGFBP3 and CD36 genes was increased in mouse liver upon treatment with chromium disilicide nanoparticles. We have also shown that treatment with titanium nitride nanoparticles resulted in down-regulation of the expression of IGFBP2 and SNARK genes in the liver with more prominent changes for SNARK gene. At the same time, the expression of IGFBP3, IGFBP4, and CD36 genes was increased in the liver of mice treated with titanium nitride nanoparticles. Furthermore, the effect of chromium disilicide nanoparticles on IGFBP2 and CD36 genes expression was significantly stronger as compared to titanium nitride nanoparticles.Conclusions. The results of this study demonstrate that chromium disilicide and titanium nitride nanoparticles have variable effects on the expression of IGFBP2, IGFBP3, IGFBP4, IGFBP5, SNARK, CD36, and PECAM1 genes in mouse liver, which may reflect the genotoxic activities of the studied nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Host Immune Response and Novel Diagnostic Approach to NTM Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4351
Author(s):  
Yuko Abe ◽  
Kiyoharu Fukushima ◽  
Yuki Hosono ◽  
Yuki Matsumoto ◽  
Daisuke Motooka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Proper Diagnosis

The incidence and prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are steadily increasing worldwide, partially due to the increased incidence of immunocompromised conditions, such as the post-transplantation state. The importance of proper diagnosis and management of NTM infection has been recently recognized. Host immunological responses play integral roles in vulnerability to NTM infections, and may contribute to the onset of specific types of NTM infection. Furthermore, distinct NTM species are known to affect and attenuate these host immune responses in unique manners. Therefore, host immune responses must be understood with respect to each causative NTM species. Here, we review innate, cellular-mediated, and humoral immunity to NTM and provide perspectives on novel diagnostic approaches regarding each NTM species.

scholarly journals Regulation of Early Host Immune Responses Shapes the Pathogenicity of Avian Influenza A Virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiya Sun ◽  
Jingfeng Wang ◽  
Xuye Yuan ◽  
Xiangwei Wu ◽  
Tianqi Sui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Avian Influenza A Virus

scholarly journals Changes in the transcriptional activity of the entero-insular axis genes in streptozotocin-induced diabetes and after the administration of TNF-α non-selective blockers

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-171
Author(s):  
Anna S. Degen ◽  
Inna Y. Krynytska ◽  
Aleksandr M. Kamyshnyi
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Experimental Diabetes ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractObjective. The aim of the present study was to investigate the transcriptional activity of the GLP-1R, DPP-4, SGLT-1, INSR, and IGF-1R genes in GALT cells of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes in both untreated and treated with pentoxifylline, as a non-specific blocker of TNF-α.Methods. The expression of GLP-1R, DPP-4, SGLT-1, INSR, and IGF-1R genes in GALT cells of rats was studied by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results. It was shown that the development of diabetes was accompanied by the decrease of GLP-1R and an increase of DPP-4 genes expression in rat ileum. The administration of pentoxifyl-line to diabetic animals led to an increase in the transcriptional activity of GLP-1R on the 4th week and decrease in transcriptional activity of DPP-4 on the 2nd and 4th weeks of the experiment. An increase in the normalized expression of SGLT-1 on the 4th week of the experimental diabetes was also noted, while the administration of pentoxifylline to diabetic animals did not lead to significant changes in this index. The transcriptional activity of the INSR and IGF-1R genes was reduced in diabetic rats and the administration of the non-specific TNF-α blocker – pentoxifylline led to a significant increase only for INSR gene in animals on the 4th week of the experimental diabetes.Conclusions. The expression of incretins, glucose transporters, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. TNF-α) in immune cells may be used as markers of several autoimmune pathologies progression such as type 1 diabetes due to their effect on the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors.

scholarly journals Controlled Human Infection With Bordetella pertussis Induces Asymptomatic, Immunizing Colonization

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans de Graaf ◽  
Muktar Ibrahim ◽  
Alison R Hill ◽  
Diane Gbesemete ◽  
Andrew T Vaughan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Inoculum Dose ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Immunoglobin G

Abstract Background Bordetella pertussis is among the leading causes of vaccine-preventable deaths and morbidity globally. Human asymptomatic carriage as a reservoir for community transmission of infections might be a target of future vaccine strategies, but has not been demonstrated. Our objective was to demonstrate that asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriage of Bordetella pertussis is inducible in humans and to define the microbiological and immunological features of presymptomatic infection. Methods Healthy subjects aged 18–45 years with an antipertussis toxin immunoglobin G (IgG) concentration of <20 international units/ml were inoculated intranasally with nonattenuated, wild-type Bordetella pertussis strain B1917. Safety, colonization, and shedding were monitored over 17 days in an inpatient facility. Colonization was assessed by culture and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Azithromycin was administered from Day 14. The inoculum dose was escalated, aiming to colonize at least 70% of participants. Immunological responses were measured. Results There were 34 participants challenged, in groups of 4 or 5. The dose was gradually escalated from 103 colony-forming units (0% colonized) to 105 colony-forming units (80% colonized). Minor symptoms were reported in a minority of participants. Azithromycin eradicated colonization in 48 hours in 88% of colonized individuals. Antipertussis toxin IgG seroconversion occurred in 9 out of 19 colonized participants and in none of the participants who were not colonized. Nasal wash was a more sensitive method to detect colonization than pernasal swabs. No shedding of Bordetella pertussis was detected in systematically collected environmental samples. Conclusions Bordetella pertussis colonization can be deliberately induced and leads to a systemic immune response without causing pertussis symptoms. Clinical Trials Registration NCT03751514.

scholarly journals Phylogeny, Pathogenicity, Transmission, and Host Immune Responses of Four H5N6 Avian Influenza Viruses in Chickens and Mice

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafen Song ◽  
Weiqiang Li ◽  
Wenbo Wu ◽  
Zhiting Liu ◽  
Zhuoliang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Lethal Infection ◽  
Transmission Capability ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Potential Public Health

H5Nx viruses have continuously emerged in the world, causing poultry industry losses and posing a potential public health risk. Here, we studied the phylogeny, pathogenicity, transmission, and immune response of four H5N6 avian influenza viruses in chickens and mice, which were isolated from waterfowl between 2013 and 2014. Their HA genes belong to Clade 2.3.4.4, circulated in China since 2008. Their NA genes fall into N6-like/Eurasian sublineage. Their internal genes originated from different H5N1 viruses. The results suggested that the four H5N6 viruses were reassortants of the H5N1 and H6N6 viruses. They cause lethal infection with high transmission capability in chickens. They also cause mild to severe pathogenicity in mice and can spread to the brain through the blood–brain barrier. During the infection, the viruses result in the up-regulation of PRRs and cytokine in brains and lungs of chickens and mice. Our results suggested that the high viral loads of several organs may result in disease severity in chickens and mice; there were varying levels of cytokines induced by the H5N6 viruses with different pathogenicity in chickens and mice.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed the cooperative regulation of sucrose and IAA on adventitious root formation in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng libao ◽  
Zhao minrong ◽  
Hu Zhubing ◽  
Liu huiying ◽  
Li Shuyan
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Exogenous Iaa

Abstract Background In China, lotus is an important cultivated crop with multiple applications in ornaments, food, and environmental purification. Adventitious roots (ARs), a secondary root is necessary for the uptake of nutrition and water as the lotus principle root is underdeveloped. Therefore, AR formation in seedlings is very important for lotus breeding due to its effect on plant early growth. As lotus ARs formation was significantly affected by sucrose treatment, we analyzed the expression of genes and miRNAs upon treatment with differential concentrations of sucrose, and a crosstalk between sucrose and IAA was also identified. Results Notably, 20 mg/L sucrose promoted the ARs development, whereas 60 mg/L sucrose inhibited the formation of ARs. To investigate the regulatory pathway during ARs formation, the expression of genes and miRNAs was evaluated by high-throughput tag-sequencing. We observed that the expression of 5438, 5184, and 5345 genes was enhanced in the GL20/CK0, GL60/CK0, and CK1/CK0 libraries, respectively. Further, the expression of 73, 78, and 71 miRNAs was upregulated in the ZT20/MCK0, ZT60/MCK0, and MCK1/MCK0 libraries, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that most of the differentially expressed genes and miRNAs in the GL20/GL60 and ZT20/ZT60 libraries were involved in signal transduction. A large number of these genes (29) and miRNAs (53) were associated with plant hormone metabolism. We observed an association between five miRNAs (miR160, miR156a-5p, miR397-5p_1, miR396a and miR167d) and nine genes (auxin response factor, protein brassinosteroid insensitive 1, laccase, and peroxidase 27) in the ZT20/ ZT60 libraries during ARs formation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the high-throughput tag-sequencing data. Conclusions We found that the expression of many critical genes involved in IAA synthesis and IAA transport was changed after treatment with various concentration of sucrose. Based on the change of these genes expression, IAA and sucrose content, we concluded that sucrose and IAA cooperatively regulated ARs formation. Sucrose affected ARs formation by improving IAA content at induction stage, and increased sucrose content might be also required for ARs development according to the changes tendency after application of exogenous IAA.

scholarly journals Immunological Responses and Survival Outcome in HIV and SARS-CoV-2 Coinfected Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol SP (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzma A. Jilani ◽  
Zulhabri Othman ◽  
Syed A. Jilani
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Acute Infections ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Special Subgroup ◽  
Hiv Aids

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has created a worldwide crisis, raising fears and concerns regarding clinical outcomes in patients with comorbidities. Some of the highly prevalent communicable and non-communicable diseases worldwide are cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and hepatitis B and C, which reduce the host immune responses to concurrent acute infections. Despite over 170 million confirmed cases of COVID‐19 worldwide as of 24 June 2021, insufficient data is reporting the prognosis of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 co‐infection. This narrative review aims to present current knowledge on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on people living with HIV/AIDS, in terms of immunological responses and clinical outcome. Although some studies have been performed and are in progress to determine the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on patients living with HIV/AIDS, controversies still exist whether COVID-19 severity and mortality are higher among this special subgroup or similar to the general population.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document