TESS, VICTIM OF HYPOCRICY TESS OF THE d’URBERVILLES, THOMAS HARDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 2379-2382
Author(s):  
Suzana Ibraimi Memeti
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Hardy ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Fallen Woman ◽  
Alfred The Great ◽  
Tess Of The D'urbervilles ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Deep Sympathy ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Social Prejudice

Thomas Hardy is distinguished by his contemporaries for the fact that the subjects of his novels are taken from the rural environment in the agricultural region south of England. He calls his homeland Dorset, Wessex, in memory of former King Alfred the Great. Themes and subjects of his novels are attractive and dominant. In all of his most popular novels, Hardy describes, outlines, and portrays human beings who are faced with powerful attacks of devastating and mysterious forces. He was a serious novelist who sought to present the view of life throughout a novel. Frequently, his themes and subjects mix with the sequence of events that have extreme and fatal consequences, while he rarely fails to inspire the reader with his deep mercy to the characters who suffer in their live; he often cannot afford to reach the highest degree of tragic element. The author sends an indictment to his time: he firmly rejects the duality of morality according to which the behavior of a man and the behavior of a woman is differently estimated. Thomas Hardy’s world as a writer is completely realistic, even transparent because he is a rare master of description of the environment. His characters are creatures of their environment, presented in their mutual relationships, often with sharp psychological observations. “Tess of the d’Urbervilles” is based on a familiar motif, that of a fallen woman, where Tess represents the prejudices of the Victorian society. In the novel, Hardy portrays an innocent poor girl of a country, a victim of the combined forces of Victorian patriarchal society, of the hypocrisy of social prejudice and gender inequality, which shows his deep sympathy for Tessa, the protagonist of the novel, a symbol of women devastated without mercy in a world dominated by males. He shows that Tess is an example of the devastating effect of society's pressures on a pure girl, and that Angel and Alec are personifications of destructive attitudes towards women.

TESS, VICTIM OF HYPOCRICY TESS OF THE d’URBERVILLES, THOMAS HARDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 2379-2382
Author(s):  
Suzana Ibraimi Memeti
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Hardy ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Fallen Woman ◽  
Alfred The Great ◽  
Tess Of The D'urbervilles ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Deep Sympathy ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Social Prejudice

Thomas Hardy is distinguished by his contemporaries for the fact that the subjects of his novels are taken from the rural environment in the agricultural region south of England. He calls his homeland Dorset, Wessex, in memory of former King Alfred the Great. Themes and subjects of his novels are attractive and dominant. In all of his most popular novels, Hardy describes, outlines, and portrays human beings who are faced with powerful attacks of devastating and mysterious forces. He was a serious novelist who sought to present the view of life throughout a novel. Frequently, his themes and subjects mix with the sequence of events that have extreme and fatal consequences, while he rarely fails to inspire the reader with his deep mercy to the characters who suffer in their live; he often cannot afford to reach the highest degree of tragic element. The author sends an indictment to his time: he firmly rejects the duality of morality according to which the behavior of a man and the behavior of a woman is differently estimated. Thomas Hardy’s world as a writer is completely realistic, even transparent because he is a rare master of description of the environment. His characters are creatures of their environment, presented in their mutual relationships, often with sharp psychological observations. “Tess of the d’Urbervilles” is based on a familiar motif, that of a fallen woman, where Tess represents the prejudices of the Victorian society. In the novel, Hardy portrays an innocent poor girl of a country, a victim of the combined forces of Victorian patriarchal society, of the hypocrisy of social prejudice and gender inequality, which shows his deep sympathy for Tessa, the protagonist of the novel, a symbol of women devastated without mercy in a world dominated by males. He shows that Tess is an example of the devastating effect of society's pressures on a pure girl, and that Angel and Alec are personifications of destructive attitudes towards women.

scholarly journals Gender Role as Relative Phenomenon in Bharati Mukherjee’s Novel Desirable Daughters

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-302
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Tayyaba Bashir ◽  
Arshad Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Bharati Mukherjee ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Relative Term ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Relative Concept

Gender is a relative, fluid and dynamic phenomenon. In a traditional society woman has always been treated as “other” which needs to be changed. Human beings unconsciously remain engaged to absorb notions of gender-based manhood and womanhood. Gender construction is not static but changes with circumstances. Women who live in different environment face different problems and whole pattern of their lives changes when they change their living conditions and social set up. Gender is basically an aggregate of cultural and sociological traits which are associated with a particular being and leads to marginalization of one gender namely women. A particular behaviour is expected from that gender and vice versa. This concept is visible in the novel ‘Desirable Daughters’ by Bharati Mukherjee which is primary text for current research. The characters in this novel violate traditional limitations and gender role becomes a fluid and relative concept. So, this work focuses on highlighting that gender role is a relative term primarily a product of environment. The theoretical framework used here is third wave of feminism and the methodology employed to conduct this research is textual analysis.

scholarly journals Marxist Analysis of Mohammed Hanif's Our Lady of Alice Bhatti

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Nazakat ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Adil Khan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
The People ◽  
Marxist Analysis ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Gender

In the novel "Our Lady of Alice Bhatti", the novelist depicts the worse and pitiable plight of the lower classes living on the edges of marginality. The story is narrated through the perspective of a young Christian nurse and her 'choorah' family. Her oppression may well be interpreted as an instance of a class struggle between the capitalist and the proletariat. The study contends that religious and gender discrimination is, in some ways, the by-product of an uneven economic system and hegemonic capitalistic power structures. Basic tenets of Marxist theory are employed as a theoretical framework to conduct the research in a systematic way. The study reveals that the ideologies of creed, caste and colour are very often used as capitalistic tools to divide human beings, especially the lower classes. It suggests that there is a dire need for educating the people on how to come together simply for what they actually are.

‘From their point of view’: voice and speech in George Moore’s Esther Waters

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobhan Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Fallen Woman ◽  
Tess Of The D'urbervilles ◽  
Speech Presentation ◽  
Voice And Speech

George Moore’s Esther Waters 1983 [1894] has been praised by critics for the sustained manner in which Esther serves as the controlling consciousness of her own story. This article explores the possibility of using stylistic accounts of some of the distinctive linguistic features of the text to offer an explanation of this. As an illiterate servant girl as well as an unrepentant ‘fallen woman’, Esther is an unlikely and, at the time of first publication, controversial heroine, let alone central consciousness. The narrative of the novel is considered in terms of Uspensky’s (1973) notion of ‘point of view’, and various later developments of this, in order to assess how Esther acts as ‘characterfocalizer’ for her own story. The manner in which Esther gives ‘voice’ to that story is examined with reference to Leech and Short’s (1981) ‘cline of speech presentation’. Further, it is argued that Esther’s ‘voice’ is not only heard when her speech is represented, but permeates the narration of her story. Bakhtin’s (1981) notion of ‘voice-images’ is used to explore this idea. Throughout the discussion of these themes, comparisons are drawn with Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles, a novel very close to Esther Waters in date and theme, but in which some significantly different linguistic choices are made. It is argued that these differences can, in part, account for the different viewpoints, or ideological stances, of the two texts.1

Arthur Schopenhauer, Evolution, and Ecology in Thomas Hardy’s The Woodlanders

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Heaney
Keyword(s):  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Thomas Hardy ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Arthur Schopenhauer ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Standard Assumption ◽  
Ecological Vision ◽  
Tess Of The D'urbervilles ◽  
Herbert Spencer ◽  
Plant Life

John Heaney, “Arthur Schopenhauer, Evolution, and Ecology in Thomas Hardy’s The Woodlanders” (pp. 516–545) This essay takes issue with two truisms within Thomas Hardy criticism: first, the widely accepted view that The Woodlanders (1887) is Hardy’s most “Darwinian” work; and second, the standard assumption that Arthur Schopenhauer’s influence on Hardy’s writing can be discerned specifically in the works from Tess of the D’Urbervilles (1891) onward, and primarily in the unrelenting pessimism that characterizes both writers’ worldviews. The essay calls into question the simplification underlying both positions by suggesting ways in which Schopenhauer’s metaphysics may have influenced Hardy’s treatment of evolutionary themes in The Woodlanders, paying particular attention to Hardy’s choice of plant life as the dominant metaphor within the novel, and the numerous ways in which the evolutionary model it depicts diverges from that formulated by thinkers such as Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer. It argues furthermore that Schopenhauer’s philosophy of nature therefore offers the optimum framework through which to interpret Hardy’s unique ecological vision in the novel, and calls for renewed attention to the philosopher’s proto-phenomenological description of reality, the significance of which has been largely overlooked by recent ecocritical scholars searching for a non-Cartesian framework in which to couch their readings.

Thomas Hardy's Groundwork

PMLA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 1028-1041
Author(s):  
Daniel Wright
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Hardy ◽  
Total Darkness ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Tess Of The D'urbervilles ◽  
Fictional Worlds

Thomas Hardy strategically exposes what he calls the “groundwork” of his fictional worlds in scenes depicting blizzards or total darkness that scrub away all points of orientation. When Hardy reveals the empty field—”forms without features”—within which the details of the novel take shape, he aims to investigate the ontological, rather than epistemological or aesthetic, questions raised by novelistic realism. By tracing Hardy's groundwork through several novels, primarily Far from the Madding Crowd (1874), The Return of the Native (1878), and Tess of the d’Urbervilles (1891), the essay shows that Hardy's vexed relation to the realist tradition arises out of the metaphysical paradoxes endemic to novelistic mimesis.

scholarly journals The Double-Tongued Author: Re-reading Sophocles, Thomas Hardy, and Eduard Vilde

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-339
Author(s):  
Arne Merilai
Keyword(s):  
Friedrich Nietzsche ◽  
Thomas Hardy ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tess Of The D'urbervilles ◽  
Erotic Novel ◽  
Ambivalent Attitude ◽  
Social Critical ◽  
Country People

The article discusses the authors’ ambivalent attitude towards their protagonists, drawing on Sophocles’ Oedipus the King, Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the d’Urbervilles, and Eduard Vilde’s Mäeküla piimamees (Milkman of the Manor). Firstly, the hypothesis based on Aristotle’s Poetics and the idea of Pericles having been a possible prototype of Oedipus is proposed, according to which Sophocles could have been critical of the tyrant of Thebes as a noble representative of a polis at war with Athens, justifying his pains in addition to showing compassion. Such an interpretation is in contrast with the humanist and protest-driven glorification initiated by Friedrich Nietzsche. Another example of the author’s “hypocrisy” is Thomas Hardy’s novel that is generally, and with reason, read as critical of Victorian society. However, the work’s reception has failed to address the motif of mystical revenge on the inheritor of the bloodline of foreign conquerors that occurs in the shadow of a woman’s tragedy and is executed with consistency, yet is not seen as the text’s rival dominant. Still, without considering the opposing line of interpretation that constitutes a parallel in its tragic irony, the understanding of the novel will remain superficial. The third example of the author’s split viewpoint can be found in the first Estonian novel to excel in artistic maturity that also stands out as the first psychological and erotic novel. Vilde’s social-critical programme in the name of the oppressed country people and women’s emancipation clashes in an intriguing way with his erotomanic objectifying gaze on the woman which rather represents a patriarchal attitude bent on subordinating the other sex. Vilde’s ambivalence towards his wayward heroine makes her a most interesting character whose mystery cannot be solved unequivocally.

scholarly journals Thomas Hardy: A Torchbearer of Feminism Representing Sufferings of Victorian Era Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Nadia Saeed ◽  
Muhammad Ali Shaikh ◽  
Stephen John ◽  
Kamal Haider
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Thomas Hardy ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Social Reforms ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
Tess Of The D'urbervilles ◽  
Queen Victoria ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Almost All

The purpose of this paper was to highlight the miserable plight of women during the Victorian era, the age of social reforms, political improvements, collective welfare, and material prosperity. During this age, Queen Victoria worked on various issues that had remained the cause of unrest among the people. Her efforts, in this regard, were indeed commendable, but she took no interest to resolve issues of women who had been suffering terribly under patriarchy. The subject of women remained ignored for many years, then some writers started to highlight the miserable state of these passive creatures who were the constant victims of social, political and economic injustices, inequalities, deprivations, and domestic violence. Of all the feminists, Thomas Hardy stood unique as he brought to light almost all areas of life where women were suffering awfully and their voices were suppressed under the male-dominated system. Hardy took serious note of the long-ignored subject of society and provided a vivid and realistic picture of Victorian society through his extraordinarily brilliant novels. Thomas Hardy’s famous masterpiece ‘Tess of the d’Urbervilles: A Pure Woman” is one of the best novels depicting women-related issues that shook the minds of the people to proceed towards this delicate matter. The contents or events described in the novel confirmed that women were the disadvantaged section of society who were deprived of their due rights and respect in society. They were objectified and preferred to a man in each sphere of life.

Thomas Hardy and the Machine: The Mechanical Deformation of Narrative Realism in Tess of the d'Urbervilles

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zena Meadowsong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical System ◽  
Thomas Hardy ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Tess Of The D'urbervilles ◽  
Personal Consequences ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Functional Reduction

This essay argues that Thomas Hardy's Tess of the d'Urbervilles (1891), long read as a novel concerned with the industrial demolition of agrarian England, internalizes the problem of mechanization at the level of both story and narrative form. The narrative "defects" of which critics typically complain——"mechanical" plot devices, "two-dimensional" characterization, and obtrusions of tone and style——are, this essay argues, intentional distortions of realism designed to draw attention to the consequences of industrialization. In a crucial scene, Tess Durbeyfield is enslaved to a monster machine, a diabolical steam thresher. Dramatizing the onset of mechanization, this scene aligns the fate of the novel's heroine with the fate of the preindustrial world she inhabits and, introducing a subtle distortion of realism in the mythic rendering of the monster, connects the narrative's apparent defects to a critique of the industrial order. The "mechanical" plot of the novel, linked to the operation of actual machines, draws attention to the inexorable brutality of the historical forces that drive it; the "two-dimensional" villain, a double for the diabolical machine, dramatizes——in the functional reduction of his humanity——the personal consequences of mechanization; and the narrative's tonal inconsistencies, apparently satirizing the calamities it itself engineers, demonstrate its implication in a mechanical system it cannot both escape and expose. Enacting the ravages of industrialization, the novel in a sense becomes the mechanical monster it represents; yet in doing so, it renders a powerful, formal indictment of mechanization.

scholarly journals IDENTITAS DAN POSISI PEREMPUAN DALAM ROMAN L’ENFANT DE SABLE KARYA TAHAR BEN JELLOUN

SUAR BETANG ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Nfn Sunahrowi ◽  
Gandis Prastiwi Damayanti
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
World Society ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Tahar Ben Jelloun ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Third ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Sensitive Issues

Identity and gender are sensitive issues in the third world. This issue has always clashed with the cultural nature of human beings and also become a foreign territory for them. Both men and women become opposite positions. They occupy different places in third world society. Women are culturally stereotyped less favourable for existence in the presence of men. Tahar Ben Jelloun, a French-born Moroccan author, was able to take quite a careful situation in his neighbourhood. He, in the novel L'Enfant de Sable is able to provide a clear picture of the position and identity of Algerian women and at the same time also posing with male characters. He who was born of a third world society was able to draw these themes into postcolonial issues, primarily on the themes of women and their existence in society.

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