scholarly journals The Grain refinement of Aluminum alloys in Friction Stir Processing: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
N Yuvaraj ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Refinement Mechanism

Most of the industrial applications based upon surface properties. Aluminum and its alloys are mostly used in the surface application industries due to their excellent mechanical and corrosive properties. However, it exhibits poor tribological properties. To enhance the mechanical and wear properties of the material grain refinement mechanism is to be incorporated. To improve the surface properties of the material the Friction stir Processing (FSP) Technique is mostly used nowadays. FSP plays an important role in modifying the surface in an efficient, environmentally friendly, and economical manner. This review article describes the current status of the FSP Technology in grain refinement of Aluminum alloys.

Possibilities to Apply Friction Stir Processing FSP in Surface Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 890 ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Cristian Ciucă ◽  
Lia Nicoleta Boțilă ◽  
Radu Cojocaru ◽  
Ion Aurel Perianu
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Cast Aluminum ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Cast Aluminum Alloys

The results obtained by ISIM Timisoara to the development of the friction stir welding process (FSW) have supported the extension of the researches on some derived processes, including friction stir processing (FSP). The experimental programs (the researches) were developed within complex research projects, aspects regarding the principle of the process, modalities and techniques of application, experiments for specific applications, being approached. The paper presents good results obtained by friction stir processing of cast aluminum alloys and copper alloys. The optimal process conditions, optimal characteristics of the processing tools were defined. The complex characterization of the processed areas was done, the advantages of the process applying being presented, especially for the cast aluminum alloys: EN AW 4047, EN AW 5083 and EN AW 7021. The characteristics of the processed areas are compared with those of the base materials. The results obtained are a solid basis for substantiating of some specific industrial applications, especially in the automotive, aeronautical / aerospace fields.

Towards finding a novel constant between local and bulk strength of friction stir processed aluminum alloys

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072110250
Author(s):  
MVNV Satyanarayana ◽  
Adepu Kumar ◽  
K Kranthi Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Alloy System ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Surface Composites ◽  
Local Strength

Friction stir processing has gained remarkable success in producing ultrafine-grained structures and surface composites. In this context, the primary objective is to establish a linear relationship between local strength (i.e. hardness) and bulk mechanical strength (i.e. tensile strength) of friction stir processed aluminum alloys using experimental investigations on selected alloy system together with data reported in literature sources. Initially, authors generated a linear relation between hardness and strength of friction stir processed aluminum alloys under different cooling conditions. After friction stir processing, recrystallized fine grains were formed and better refinement was achieved in cooling-assisted friction stir processing. Irrespective of grain refinement, the strength and hardness of friction stir processed samples were found to be lower compared to the base metal due to the precipitation phenomenon during friction stir processing. At the same time, hardness and strength improved in cooling-assisted friction stir processing compared to natural-cooled friction stir processing due to better grain refinement going by the parameters of Hall–Petch equation. For friction stir processed samples, relevant constants were found using Hall–Petch equation. The experimental values of hardness and strength were well fitted with the formulated equations due to the formation of a homogeneous fine-grained structure. Also, two novel linear relations were successfully established between hardness and strength with proportionality constants of 1.9 and 2.7, respectively. On the other hand, it was also concluded that it is not possible to establish a linear relation between hardness and strength of surface composites due to structural inhomogeneity and agglomeration of reinforcement particles.

Influence of Process Parameters on Microstructure of Friction Stir Processed Mg AZ31 Alloy

2017 ◽  
pp. 1293-1305
Author(s):  
G. Venkateswarlu ◽  
M.J. Davidson ◽  
G.R.N. Tagore ◽  
P. Sammaiah
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Homogeneous Microstructure ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Tool Tilt Angle

Friction stir processing (FSP) has been developed on the principles of friction stir welding (FSW) as an effective and efficien new method for grain refinement and microstructural modification, providing intense plastic deformation as well as higher strain rates than other conventional severe plastic deformation methods. FSP produces an equiaxed homogeneous microstructure consisting of fine grains, resulting in the enhancement of the properties of the material at room temperature. The objective of the present paper is to examine the influence of friction stir processing (FSP) parameters namely tool rotational speed (RS), tool traverse speed (TS) and tool tilt angle (TA) on the microstructures of friction stir processed AZ31B-O magnesium alloy. This investigation has focused on the microstructural changes occurred in the dynamically recrystallised nugget zone/ stir zone and the thermo mechanically affected zone during FSP. The results presented in this work indicate that all the three FSP process parameters have a significant effect on the resulting microstructure and also found that the rotational speed has greatly influenced the homogenization of the material. The grain refinement is higher at intermediate rotational speed (1150 rpm), traverse speed (32 mm / min and tilt angle (10). It is established that FSP can be a good grain refinement method for improving the properties of the material.

scholarly journals Optimization of Friction Stir Process Parameters for Enhancement in Surface Properties of Al 7075-SiC/Gr Hybrid Surface Composites

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namdev Ashok Patil ◽  
Srinivasa Rao Pedapati ◽  
Othman Bin Mamat ◽  
Abdul Munir Hidayat Syah Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Surface Composites ◽  
Al 7075 ◽  
Independent Parameters

Friction stir processing (FSP) has evolved as an important technique in fabrication of metal matrix composites. The surface properties enhancement is obtainable by insertion of desired discontinuous particular reinforcements into base alloy using FSP. Despite having high specific strength, more applications of Al alloys are restricted due to their poor surface properties under various loading conditions. In this study, the main focus is on enhancing the microhardness and wear properties of Al 7075 base alloy by means of uniform dispersion of silicon carbide and graphite (SiC/Gr) nano particles into the base alloy using the FSP technique. The tool rotational speed (w: 500, 1000, 1500 rpm), tool traverse speed (v: 20, 30, 40 mm/min), reinforcement particles hybrid ratio (HR: 60:40, 75:25, 90:10) and volume percentage (vol%: 4%, 8%, 12%) are used as independent parameters. The effect of these parameters on microstructure, micro hardness and wear properties of surface composites are studied in detail. For desired wear rate and microhardness as responses, the aforementioned independent parameters are optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The significance of factors and their interactions for maximizing hardness and minimizing wear rate and coefficient of friction (COF) were determined. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for responses has been carried out, and the models were found to be significant in all three responses. The minimum wear rate of 0.01194 mg/m was obtained for parameters w 1500 rpm, v 40 mm/min, HR 60:40, vol% 4 (Run 10). The maximum micro hardness of 300 HV obtained for parameters w 1000 rpm, v 30 mm/min, HR 75:25, vol% 12 (Run 14). The presence and uniform distribution of SiC and Gr into the base alloy was confirmed through field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) imaging, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and mapping tests. The wear rate and COF decreased significantly due to graphitized mechanically mixed layer developed at the sliding contacts. The microhardness of resultant composites observed to be dependent on effect of the independent parameters on extent of inherent precipitates dissolution and grain size strengthening in the resultant materials.

scholarly journals Realizing a Novel Friction Stir Processing-Enabled FWTPET Process for Strength Enhancement Using Firefly and PSO Methods

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 728
Author(s):  
Senthil Kumaran S ◽  
Jayakumar Kaliappan ◽  
Kathiravan Srinivasan ◽  
Yuh-Chung Hu ◽  
Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Tube Plate ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Experimental Values

The friction welding of tube to tube plate using an external tool (FWTPET) is widely deployed in several industrial applications, such as aerospace, automotive, and power plants. Moreover, for achieving a better tensile strength and hardness in the weld zone, the friction stir processing (FSP) technique was incorporated into the FWTPET process for joining aluminum alloys (AA6063 tube, AA6061 tube plate). Furthermore, it has to be noted that FWTPET was applied for joining the AA6063 tube to the AA6061 tube plate, and FSP was deployed for reinforcing the weld zone with carbon nanotube (CNT) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) particles, thereby attaining the desirable mechanical properties. Subsequently, the Taguchi L25 orthogonal array was used for identifying the most influential input and output FWTPET + FSP process parameters. Furthermore, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the firefly algorithm (FFA) were deployed for determining the optimized input and output FWTPET + FSP process parameters. The input process parameters include CNT, Si3N4, rotational tool speed, and depth. Furthermore, the tensile strength of the welded joint was considered as the output process parameter. The process parameters predicted by PSO and FFA were compared with the experimental values. It was witnessed that deviation between the predicted and experimental values was minimal. Moreover, it was found that FFA provided a superior tensile strength prediction than PSO.

Friction stir processing: a tool to homogenize nanocomposite aluminum alloys

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick B Berbon ◽  
William H Bingel ◽  
Rajiv S Mishra ◽  
Clifford C Bampton ◽  
Murray W Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Friction Stir
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document