scholarly journals Grain Refinement and Mechanical Property Improvements in Aluminum Alloys using the Friction Stir Process

2003 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 547-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Jai Kwon ◽  
Ichinori Shigematsu ◽  
Naobumi Saito
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Friction Stir Process ◽  
Friction Stir

Mechanical property and characterization of 7A04-T6 aluminum alloys bonded by friction stir welding

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianing Li ◽  
Molin Su ◽  
Wenjun Qi ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Peng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Friction Stir

scholarly journals Evaluation of Grain Refinement and Mechanical Property on Friction Stir Welded Inconel 600

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 832-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuk Hyun Song ◽  
Hidetoshi Fujii ◽  
Kazuhiro Nakata
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Inconel 600 ◽  
Friction Stir

scholarly journals The Grain refinement of Aluminum alloys in Friction Stir Processing: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
N Yuvaraj ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Refinement Mechanism

Most of the industrial applications based upon surface properties. Aluminum and its alloys are mostly used in the surface application industries due to their excellent mechanical and corrosive properties. However, it exhibits poor tribological properties. To enhance the mechanical and wear properties of the material grain refinement mechanism is to be incorporated. To improve the surface properties of the material the Friction stir Processing (FSP) Technique is mostly used nowadays. FSP plays an important role in modifying the surface in an efficient, environmentally friendly, and economical manner. This review article describes the current status of the FSP Technology in grain refinement of Aluminum alloys.

Formability behavior of friction stir processed dual phase steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Semih Mahmut Aktarer ◽  
Tevfik Küçükömeroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Lath Martensite ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Dp Steel ◽  
Friction Stir Process ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Refined Microstructure ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Processed Sample

This study investigated the formability behavior of dual-phase (DP) steel subjected to friction stir process (FSP), using a miniaturized Erichsen test. The friction stir process yielded a refined microstructure, which consisted of lath martensite and fine ferrite, as a result of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and phase transformation. Both yield and tensile strength were significantly increased via the grain refinement and increasing martensite fraction. Biaxial formability behavior of the friction stir processed sample exhibited a decline as the Erichsen index (EI) decreased from 2.7 mm to 2.2 mm. However, the required punch load (FEI) increased compatibly with the strength value after FSP. The grain refinement caused by FSP led to an improvement in the orange peel effect, defined as a negative effect of increased surface roughness after metal forming. The value of mean roughness in the free dome surface of the FSPed sample decreased from 4.90 μm to 2.62 μm. It can be concluded that the roughening with the orange peel effect on free surfaces of stretched metal can be eliminated by the friction stir process.

Towards finding a novel constant between local and bulk strength of friction stir processed aluminum alloys

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072110250
Author(s):  
MVNV Satyanarayana ◽  
Adepu Kumar ◽  
K Kranthi Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Alloy System ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Surface Composites ◽  
Local Strength

Friction stir processing has gained remarkable success in producing ultrafine-grained structures and surface composites. In this context, the primary objective is to establish a linear relationship between local strength (i.e. hardness) and bulk mechanical strength (i.e. tensile strength) of friction stir processed aluminum alloys using experimental investigations on selected alloy system together with data reported in literature sources. Initially, authors generated a linear relation between hardness and strength of friction stir processed aluminum alloys under different cooling conditions. After friction stir processing, recrystallized fine grains were formed and better refinement was achieved in cooling-assisted friction stir processing. Irrespective of grain refinement, the strength and hardness of friction stir processed samples were found to be lower compared to the base metal due to the precipitation phenomenon during friction stir processing. At the same time, hardness and strength improved in cooling-assisted friction stir processing compared to natural-cooled friction stir processing due to better grain refinement going by the parameters of Hall–Petch equation. For friction stir processed samples, relevant constants were found using Hall–Petch equation. The experimental values of hardness and strength were well fitted with the formulated equations due to the formation of a homogeneous fine-grained structure. Also, two novel linear relations were successfully established between hardness and strength with proportionality constants of 1.9 and 2.7, respectively. On the other hand, it was also concluded that it is not possible to establish a linear relation between hardness and strength of surface composites due to structural inhomogeneity and agglomeration of reinforcement particles.

Structure and Hardness of Friction Stir Welds out of High-Strength Non-Heat Hardenable Cast and Wrought Aluminum Alloys

2015 ◽  
Vol 830-831 ◽  
pp. 270-273
Author(s):  
Rafis Ilyasov ◽  
Pavel Predko ◽  
Elena Avtokratova ◽  
Valentin Konkevich ◽  
Oleg Sitdikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Optical And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wrought Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Wrought Aluminum

Optical and electron microscopy analyses of friction stir welds out of commercial cast and deformable Al-Mg-x alloys have shown the typical onion-like macrostructure consisting of alternating layers of both the alloys. Maximum microhardness of ~120 Hv has been found in the center of the welds owing to strong grain refinement and exceeding values for both the initial alloys. Mechanisms of structure transformations, as well as hardness changes in the nugget and thermo-mechanically affected zones are discussed.

Control of Grain Size and Texture in Al Alloys Utilizing Friction Stir Processing

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 3769-3774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiya Shibayanagi ◽  
Masaaki Naka
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Abnormal Grain Growth ◽  
Texture Development ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Friction Stir

The present paper deals with the control of microstructure of friction stir processed aluminum alloys focusing on grain refinement, thermal stability at elevated temperature and texture development in some aluminum alloys such as 5083, 6061 and 7075 commercial aluminum alloys. 3mm thickness plates of 5083, 6061 and 7075 Al alloys were friction stir processed/welded with several rotation speeds and travelling speeds. Optical microscopy revealed the grain refinement in the stirred zone of each alloy and the average grain size decreased with decreasing rotation speed under various travelling speeds. Annealing of the joints brought about abnormal grain growth at temperatures higher than 773K for 5083 alloy. Critical temperature of the abnormal grain growth tended to decrease as the rotation speed decreased for the fixed travelling speed. Dissimilar joining of 5083 Al alloy to 6061 Al alloy also showed abnormal grain growth when annealed at 773K. A peculiar texture development of 7075 Al joint showing (111)//ND-oriented grains existing throughout the nugget was revealed by EBSP analysis.

scholarly journals Investigation of microstructural and wear behavior of Al6061 surface composites fabricated by friction stir process using Taguchi approach

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragya Saxena ◽  
Arunkumar Bongale ◽  
Satish Kumar ◽  
Priya Sachin Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Taguchi Approach ◽  
Friction Stir Process ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Surface Composites ◽  
Al6061 Alloy ◽  
Tool Pin

Abstract The surface composites of aluminum alloys have a higher scope of applications encountering surface interactions in the aerospace, automobile, and other industries compared to the base aluminum alloys. The friction stir process (FSP) is recently the preferred method to prepare aluminum-based surface composites due to its capability to produce improved physical properties and refined microstructure at the surface. The study examines the Al6061 alloy-based surface composite fabricated by FSP for their wear behavior and microstructure. In this study, the Al6061 alloy-based hybrid surface composites are prepared with varying weight% of copper and graphite microparticles mixture as reinforcement by FSP with two tools having unique pin profiles, i.e., threaded cylindrical and plain cylindrical. These prepared composites are investigated for the dry sliding wear test on a pin-on-disc test set-up. The experiments are designed using the L9 orthogonal array and analyzed by the Taguchi approach to obtain the influence of disc speed, load, and reinforcement weight% on wear rate. The significant parameters influencing the wear rate of the samples tested are obtained using ANOVA. Later the effects of the friction stir process and the wear tests on the microstructure of the workpieces are investigated using FE-SEM/EDS tests. It is concluded that the decrease in wear rate with the rise in reinforcement weight% (Cu + graphite) from 2% to 6%. The load has the maximum effect on the wear rate for the samples prepared by threaded cylindrical FSP tool pin profile, while reinforcement weight% affects significantly the wear rate of the samples prepared by FSP with plain cylindrical pin profile tool.

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