scholarly journals Design And Analysis Of An Open Differential

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhajit Konar ◽  
Vijay Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Contact Stress ◽  
Rear Wheel ◽  
Gear System ◽  
Hertzian Contact ◽  
Differential Motion ◽  
Differential Gear ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Hertzian Contact Stress ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Good Agreement

An automobile differential gear system is used to establish a differential motion between left and right driving axle which provides a smooth turning of the vehicle. When a vehicle takes a turn then the wheels at outermost position requires to cover a large distance than that of the innermost wheels. This speed variation can be achieved by using a differential gear system. It also transmits the power from the propeller shaft to each axle. A rear wheel drive vehicle requires a differential at the rear axle while all-wheel drive vehicle requires differential gear system for each and every axle. In this paper, an open differential is designed for a leading automobile and analysed the ability to work without failure. The analysis was done using the modified Lewis equation, Hertzian contact stress equation and AGMA equations. The analytical results were compared with results obtained by FEA. It is observed that results obtained from Lewis criterion are more conservative as compared to AGMA. The results obtained from modified Lewis, Hertzian contact stress and AGMA are in good agreement with the results obtained from FEA.

Tooth Profile Modifications for Optimum Dynamic Load in Spur Gears Based on Pseudo-Interference Stiffness Estimation Method

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monsak Pimsarn ◽  
Kazem Kazerounian
Keyword(s):  
Contact Stress ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Rigid Body Dynamics ◽  
Gear System ◽  
Hertzian Contact ◽  
Bending Fatigue ◽  
Gear Mesh ◽  
Hertzian Contact Stress

A systematic methodology combining optimization, three dimensional analytical rigid body dynamics and a novel method, namely, Pseudo-Interference Stiffness Estimation method (PISE) [1]- [2], is proposed to dramatically reduce gear design time and improve the spur gear system dynamic performance. The main aim of this methodology is to search for the pro les of tooth crowning and shaving that eventually lead to the optimum dynamic tooth load in the gear mesh. An example of the detailed design study is numerically investigated. The results show that the dynamic tooth load can be reduced to up to 50 percent of its original value. However, this reduction is only valid at the operating ranges of the design load and design speed. It is also found that the effect of pro le modi cation on the dynamic response of the gear system was mostly observed to be a reduction in the peak dynamic tooth load at the resonance speed. Later, the investigation of gear tooth durability was conducted to validate an improvement of gear life. The rating factors given in AGMA publication, Hertzian contact stress, bending fatigue stress, ash temperature and PV index are employed in gear durability determination. The results show that, with the reduction of 50 percent in dynamic tooth load, the reductions in PV index, bending fatigue, Hertzian contact stress, and ash temperature can be achieved up to 64, 58, 28 and 39 percent, respectively.

Planar Tooth Profile Synthesis for Relative Curvature

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Yu ◽  
Kwun-Lon Ting
Keyword(s):  
Contact Stress ◽  
Tooth Profile ◽  
Hertzian Contact ◽  
Rolling Motion ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Systematic Methodology ◽  
Hertzian Contact Stress ◽  
Curvature Theory ◽  
The Given ◽  
Tooth Pair

This paper is the first that uses the new conjugation curvature theory [1] to directly synthesize conjugate tooth profiles with the given relative curvature that determines the Hertzian contact stress. Conjugation curvature theory offers a systematic methodology to synthesize the relative curvature for a tooth pair. For any given relative curvature between the contact tooth profiles, a generating point can be located on an auxiliary body. Under the rolling motion among the pinion pitch, the gear pitch and the pitch on the auxiliary body, the generating point will trace fully conjugate profiles on the pinion and gear bodies with the given relative curvature at the instant of the contact. Full conjugation throughout the contact of the profiles is guaranteed with the three instant centers remaining coincident [1]. The methodology is demonstrated with a planar tooth profile synthesis with given relative curvature. One may find that the Wildhaber-Novikov tooth profile, which is known to have low relative curvature and Hertzian contact stress, and its variations become special cases under such methodology.

Hertzian Contact-Stress Deformation Coefficients

1969 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane H. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Contact Stress ◽  
Digital Computer ◽  
Approximate Calculation ◽  
Transcendental Equation ◽  
Contact Stresses ◽  
Elliptic Integrals ◽  
Hertzian Contact ◽  
Stress Deformation ◽  
Hertzian Contact Stress

Formulations are given for the coefficients λ, μ, ν defined by Hertz in terms of the solution of a transcendental equation involving elliptic integrals and used by him to describe the deformation of bodies subjected to contact stresses. Methods of approximate calculation are explained and errors in the tables prepared by Hertz are noted. For the purpose of providing a more extensive and more accurate tabulation, using an automatic digital computer, these coefficients are reformulated so that a large part of the variation is expressed by means of easily interpreted elementary formulas. The remainder of the variation is tabulated to 6 places for 100 values of the argument. Graphs of the coefficients are also provided.

Tooth Surface Fatigue Strength of Normalized Steel Conical Involute Gears

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Ohmachi ◽  
Koji Iizuka ◽  
Hidenori Komatsubara ◽  
Ken-ichi Mitome
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Contact Stress ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Hertzian Contact ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Paper Test ◽  
Surface Fatigue ◽  
Involute Gears ◽  
Conical Gears ◽  
Hertzian Contact Stress

Abstract The tooth surface fatigue strength of the conical involute gear is evaluated in this paper. Test gears are straight intersecting-axis conical gears. The material of the test gear is normalized steel. The power circulating testing machine is used in this experiment. The circulating torque is kept constant and the number of times of contact is 107. The tooth surface life is evaluated by the pitting area rate. The critical value of the circulating torque is found between 147 N·m and 157 N·m. For critical torque, the pitting area rate does not progress over 4%. The Hertzian contact stress of the test gear is calculated at the circulating torque. The contact stress should be evaluated in consideration of the wearing effects.

A Simplified Approach to Predict Elastic Pressure Distribution in Non-Hertzian Contact Stress Problems

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Contact Stress ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Hertzian Contact ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Hertzian Contact Stress

An approximate but simple method to predict elastic pressure distribution in non-Hertzian contact stress problems has been developed using the two-dimensional Hertz relations and experimentally observed footprint shapes. Predicted pressures have been compared with results available from other numerical methods and are found to be quite satisfactory. The method has been applied to determine pressure distribution in wheel-rail contact under the normal load only. Because of its simplicity and reasonably accuracy in predicting pressure it can be readily used by industrial design engineers for many practical problems of contact mechanics.

Effect of Slider Burnish on Disk Damage During Dynamic Load/Unload

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Suk ◽  
D. Gillis
Keyword(s):  
Contact Stress ◽  
Disk Surface ◽  
Hertzian Contact ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Air Bearing ◽  
Head Disk Interface ◽  
Bearing Surface ◽  
Disk Interface ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Hertzian Contact Stress

Two of the most difficult issues to resolve in current design of head/disk interface in magnetic recording devices are stiction and durability problems. One method of overcoming these problems is by implementing a technology known as load/unload, where the system is designed so that the slider never touches the disk surface. One potential problem with this type of system is slider/disk contact induced disk defects. The objective of this paper is to show that the likelihood of disk scratches caused by head/disk contacts during the load/unload process can be significantly decreased by rounding the edges of the air-bearing surface. Using the resistance method, we observe that head/disk contacts burnish the corners of the slider and thereby decrease exponentially with load/unload cycles. A well burnished slider rarely causes any disk damage thus resulting in an interface with significantly higher reliability. A simple Hertzian contact stress analysis indicates that the contact stress at the head/disk interface can be greatly decreased by increasing the radius of curvature of the air-bearing surface edges.

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