UJI KETAHANAN PADI LOKAL POTENSIAL ASAL BARAT-SELATAN ACEH TERHADAP PENYAKIT HAWAR DAUN BAKTERI

Aceh Province has many local varieties that are still cultivated by farmers, especially in the South-West Region of Aceh, the local rice needs to be identified and used as a source of genes in the assembly of new improved varieties to support food security and sustainable agriculture. Bacterial leaf blight (HDB) is one of the limiting factors in rice production. HDB disease is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which can reduce rice yield by 30-40%. However, the potential of these varieties as sources of resistance genes against HDB has not been evaluated. This study aims to determine and obtain the potential genotypes of local rice in the West-South Region of Aceh that are resistant to Bacterial Leaves Disease. The research was carried out at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Teuku Umar University, Meulaboh, West Aceh from January to completion. The research was carried out starting from the treatment and seeding, preparation of planting media, planting, observation variables: Plant height and number of tillers per age 60 HST, incubation period and length of the observed lesio: 21 HSI: Test results of potential local rice resistance in the West- South Aceh obtained 9 genotypes that are resistant to bacterial leaf blight. The genotypes are used as genetic sources for assembling new high yielding varieties Keywords : Bacterial, Bacterial leaf blight, rice of local varieties,

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Response of a local rice variety Pandanwangi to infection of bacterial leaf blight Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae strain III, IV, and VIII

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/905/1/012068 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 905 (1) ◽

pp. 012068

Author(s):

Hadiwiyono ◽

S H Poromarto ◽

S Widono ◽

R F Rizal

Keyword(s):

Rice Variety ◽

Leaf Blight ◽

Rice Production ◽

Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽

Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽

Artificial Inoculation ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Bacterial Suspension ◽

West Java ◽

Local Cultivar

Abstract Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of the limiting factors in rice production. A local cultivar, rice “Pandanwangi” is a superior variety much preferred and cultivated by the farmers in Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia. The information about the response of “Pandangwangi” to Xoo is still poorly understood. This paper reports the results of the evaluation of “Pandanwangi” response against BLB. This research was conducted in a greenhouse with artificial inoculation using Xoo strains III, IV, and VIII with bacterial suspension at 108 cfu.mL−1. The results showed that the response of cv Pandanwangi to Xoo infection was different from the strain of Xoo. “Pandanwangi” cultivar was susceptible to Xoo strain III and VIII and very susceptible to strain IV.

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Evaluation of maize genotypes for Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum) in Terai and inner terai of Nepal

Journal of Maize Research and Development ◽

10.3126/jmrd.v2i1.16221 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 109-116

Author(s):

Tirtha Raj Rijal ◽

Govind KC ◽

Kesab Babu Koirala ◽

Jiban Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Leaf Blight ◽

Exserohilum Turcicum ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Maize Productivity ◽

Maize Genotypes ◽

Disease Severity Scale ◽

High Yielding Varieties ◽

Moderately Resistant

Thirty maize genotypes in 2014-2015 at Dumarwana, Nijgadh, Keureni and Rampur and ten genotypes in 2015-2016 at Anandpur, Shitalnagar, Dumarwana, Nijgadh and Rampur were evaluated for resistance to Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum) under farmers field conditions. The scale used for disease severity ranged from 1-5 scale based on the proportionate leaf area affected by the disease. The combined analysis over locations in 2014-2015 showed that among the 30 genotypes 25 genotypes were resistant (1.0-2.0 scale), and 5 genotypes were moderately resistant (2.1-3.0 scale). Similarly the pooled analysis over locations in 2015-2016 showed that 7 genotypes were resistant (1.0-2.0 scale) and 3 genotypes were moderately resistant (2.1-3.0 scale). The maize genotypes namely Z376-26, Z478-3, Z433-99, Z464-5, Z478-2, Z466-1, CAH1513, RML-95/RML-96, CAH1515, CAH1521, CAH1515, CAH151, CAH153, ZH114228 , Z376-9, Z466-3, Z376-5, RML-32/RML-17, RML-86/RML-96 and 900MGold were resistant with disease severity scale of 1.5 and with higher grain yield in both the years. Thus above genotypes were identified as promising sources of resistance against E. turcicum and they can be used to develop disease resistant and high yielding varieties to enhance maize productivity in terai and inner terai of Nepal.

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Resistance Genes of Oryza sativa for Protection Against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the Causative Agent of Bacterial Leaf Blight

Journal of Student Research ◽

10.47611/jsr.v4i1.202 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 12-17

Author(s):

Katelyn Joy Horgan ◽

Jeffrey Odell Henderson

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Causative Agent ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Gene Pyramiding ◽

Rice Genome ◽

Leaf Blight ◽

Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽

R Genes ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Multiple Gene

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a major staple crop around the world, particularly in developing regions such as Africa and Asia. Attack of the rice crop by pathogens has the capacity to greatly diminish crop yield with major agricultural, economical and human consequences. Xanthomonas orzyza pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causative agent of bacterial leaf blight, has the ability to cause substantial crop loss, up to 80% worldwide. Genetic sources of resistance have long been considered the most sustainable method of disease control, both from an environmental and agricultural perspective. This review considers the discovery, evolution, characterization and utilization of resistance genes (R genes) in rice against Xoo. R genes for Xoo are plentiful and exist at multiple loci throughout the rice genome due to multiple gene duplication and transposition events. The presence of multiple gene loci makes gene pyramiding and resistance stacking accessible and fruitful applications in breeding for resistance. Biotechnological approaches to take advantage of R gene function have also begun to take root. However, a more global and concerted effort to study the multiple varieties and climates in which rice is grown is required in order to truly attain food security and find sustainable resistance.

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Pyramiding approach for development of blast and bacterial leaf blight resistant, and drought tolerant rice variety through marker-assisted selection

10.21203/rs.3.rs-86456/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ibrahim Silas Akos ◽

Mohd Rafii Yusop ◽

Mohd Razi Ismail ◽

Shairul Izan Ramlee ◽

Noraziyah Abd Aziz Shamsudin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Tolerance ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Blast Resistance ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Leaf Blight ◽

Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽

Multiple Traits ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Pedigree Selection ◽

High Yielding Varieties

Abstract Rice ( Oryza sativa L) is an important cereal crop and staple food crop of the world, whose yield could be influenced by biotic and abiotic conditions, resulting in 1-100% yield losses depending on the incidences of diseases or severity of stress condition. The research was basically to identify the polymorphic markers at the target region (parental survey) and screened for selection of improved lines with multiple traits of resistance/tolerance to two or three of blast, bacterial leaf blight and drought tolerance. Three varieties were used; two high yielding varieties of Putra-1 and MR219-PL-137 resistant to blast and tolerant to drought respectively, and an IRBB60 bacterial leaf blight resistance variety. They were crossed to a common recipient parent (Putra-1) to produce two categories of F 1 hybrid as baseline for development of improved lines in three crossing methods which produced five populations (PB, PD, PBD, PDB, DPB) through marker-assisted pedigree selection. The populations were screened by genotyping using SSR markers to select lines polymorphic to parental cultivars and carrying the linked markers/QTLs for diseases resistance and drought tolerance: Blast resistance (RM6836 and RM8225), IRBB60 (RM224, RG136, RM122, RM21), MR219-PL-137 drought tolerance QTLs (RM236, RM520, RM511, RM1261). The results of gel electrophoresis agreed with the phenotyping results of the improved lines F 4 , F 3 (2), F 3 for single, double and three-way (and reciprocal) crosses respectively and also susceptible parent cultivars.

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Severity of Phytophthora leaf blight disease and susceptibility of two local varieties of Colocasia to Phytophthora colocasiae Raciborski in Nsukka zone of South Eastern Nigeria

Bio-Research ◽

10.4314/br.v19i2.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 1286-1296

Author(s):

Faustina Njideka Ugwuja ◽

Chiemeka Nwakaego Onaebi ◽

Nneka Virginia Chiejina ◽

Kelvin Ikechukwu Ugwuoke

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Colocasia Esculenta ◽

Leaf Blight ◽

Test Results ◽

Local Varieties ◽

Potted Plants ◽

Phytophthora Colocasiae ◽

Blight Disease

Leaf-blight disease of Colocasia caused by Phytophthora colocasiae Raciborski has been a serious impediment to cocoyam production in Nigeria. Disease severity and susceptibility of the two most cultivated local varieties “Ugwuta” (Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum) and “Nkashi Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta) were investigated. Disease severity was visually estimated as the percentage leaf surface affected by blight, lesion or lesion-related chlorosis for each leaf of a plant using a seven-point scale of 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100% in three locations: Ede-Oballa, Nsukka Urban and Obukpa. Susceptibility was assessed on 2 months old potted plants of each variety inoculated with a 7-day old culture of P. colocasiae. Diameters of lesions on inoculated leaves were recorded from the 3rd - 8th day after inoculation. Data on severity were subjected to ANOVA and susceptibility of the varieties was compared with t-test. Results revealed significant LSD=4.96 (0.05) and varying degrees of leaf blight severity among varieties and locations. Variety antiquorum had significantly higher severities of 42.08, 46.40 and 47.42% at Ede-Oballa, Nsukka Urban and Obukpa respectively, compared to 34.85, 36.55 and 28.19% recorded by var. esculenta at these locations, respectively. Similarly, var. antiquorum had greater lesion diameter ranging from 0.65±0.07 cm - 3.70±0.14 cm and average diameter of 2.4±0.16cm compared to var. esculenta which had 0.41±0.14cm - 3.12±0.19 cm and average diameter of 1.80±0.16. This research has shown that varieties and locations affect the severity and susceptibility of Phytophthora leaf blight disease. This could be a guide to farmers having known that var. esculenta is less severe to Phytophthora leaf blight disease.

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Characterization of New Races of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in Mali Informs Resistance Gene Deployment

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-02-19-0070-r ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 110 (2) ◽

pp. 267-277

Author(s):

C. Tekete ◽

S. Cunnac ◽

H. Doucouré ◽

M. Dembele ◽

I. Keita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Gene ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Leaf Blight ◽

Rice Cultivation ◽

Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽

Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽

Local Source ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

New Races

Bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae represents a severe threat to rice cultivation in Mali. Characterizing the pathotypic diversity of bacterial populations is key to the management of pathogen-resistant varieties. Forty-one X. oryzae pv. oryzae isolates were collected between 2010 and 2013 in the major rice growing regions in Mali. All isolates were virulent on the susceptible rice variety Azucena; evaluation of the isolates on 12 near isogenic rice lines, each carrying a single resistance gene, identified six new races (A4 to A9) and confirmed race A3 that was previously reported in Mali. Races A5 and A6, isolated in Office du Niger and Sélingué, were the most prevalent races in Mali. Race A9 was the most virulent, circumventing all of the resistance genes tested. Xa3 controlled six of seven races (i.e., 89% of the isolates tested). The expansion of race A9 represents a major risk to rice cultivation and highlights the urgent need to identify a local source of resistance. We selected 14 isolates of X. oryzae pv. oryzae representative of the most prevalent races to evaluate 29 rice varieties grown by farmers in Mali. Six isolates showed a high level of resistance to X. oryzae pv. oryzae and were then screened with a larger collection of isolates. Based on the interactions among the six varieties and the X. oryzae pv. oryzae isolates, we characterized eight different pathotypes (P1 to P8). Two rice varieties, SK20-28 and Gigante, effectively controlled all of the isolates tested. The low association observed among races and pathotypes of X. oryzae pv. oryzae suggests that the resistance observed in the local rice varieties does not simply rely on single known Xa genes. X. oryzae pv. oryzae is pathogenically and geographically diverse. Both the races of X. oryzae pv. oryzae characterized in this study and the identification of sources of resistance in local rice varieties provide useful information to inform the design of effective breeding programs for resistance to bacterial leaf blight in Mali.

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HERITABILITAS, SUMBER GEN, DAN DURABILITAS KETAHANAN VARIETAS PADI TERHADAP PENYAKIT HAWAR DAUN BAKTERI/ Heritability, Gene Resource, and Durability of Rice Varieties Resistance To Bacterial Leaf Blight Disease

Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian ◽

10.21082/jp3.v36n2.2017.p99-108 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Dini Yuliani ◽

Wage Ratna Rohaeni

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resistance ◽

Female Parent ◽

Leaf Blight ◽

Rice Production ◽

Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Resistant Varieties ◽

Blight Disease ◽

Resistant Progeny

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease is one of the obstacles in increasing of rice production. The use of resistant varieties is an effective and easy to implement for farmers. This paper discusses the heritability and source of resistance genes of rice varieties against the BLB disease and strategies to maintain the durability of resistant varieties as one of the control efforts through plant breeding to supports the increasing of rice production. Assembling and development of resistant varieties play an important role in controlling BLB disease because it has a genetic resistance mechanism that can be inherited to progeny level. Varieties with vertical resistance are easily broken by pathogens, so it is necessary to assembling of varieties with horizontal resistance. To obtain the resistant progeny to BLB disease in the assembly of varieties, the position of the resistant varieties should be played as a female parent that has a high specific joining power. The nature of resistance to BLB is from a population whose parent genes are derived from multiple cross results has higher heritability. The populations derived from a double-cross have multigenic resistance and have the potential to produce recombinant individuals resistant for prolonged periods (durable). The availability of durable resistant varieties become a key requirement in sustainable BLB disease control. This matter can be done by improving the resistance of varieties through the assembling of varieties with various sources of resistance such as wild rice, local rice, and introduced rice.Keywords: Rice, varieties, resistance, bacterial leaf blight, durability, heritability ABSTRAKPenyakit hawar daun bakteri (HDB) merupakan salah satu kendala dalam peningkatan produksi padi. Penggunaan varietas tahan merupakan cara pengendalian yang efektif dan mudah diterapkan petani. Tulisan ini membahas heritabilitas dan sumber gen ketahanan varietas padi terhadap penyakit HDB dan strategi mempertahankan durabilitas varietas tahan sebagai salah satu upaya pengendalian melalui pemuliaan tanaman mendukung upaya peningkatan produksi padi. Perakitan dan pengembangan varietas tahan berperan penting mengendalikan penyakit HDB, karena memiliki mekanisme ketahanan genetik yang dapat diwariskan kepada keturunannya. Varietas dengan ketahanan vertikal mudah dipatahkan oleh patogen, sehingga perlu upaya perakitan varietas dengan ketahanan horizontal. Untuk memperoleh keturunan tanaman padi yang tahan terhadap penyakit HDB dalam perakitan varietas, posisi tetua tahan sebaiknya diperankan sebagai tetua betina yang memiliki daya gabung khusus yang tinggi. Sifat ketahanan HDB dari populasi tetua yang mengandung gen dari hasil silang ganda memilliki heritabilitas lebih tinggi. Populasi turunan dari silang ganda memiliki ketahanan multigenik dan berpeluang menghasilkan individu rekombinan tahan untuk periode yang lama (durable). Ketersediaan varietas tahan yang durable menjadi syarat utama dalam pengendalian penyakit HDB secara berkelanjutan. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan perbaikan ketahanan varietas melalui perakitan varietas dengan berbagai sumber ketahanan, di antaranya padi liar, padi lokal, dan padi introduksi.Kata kunci: Padi, varietas, ketahanan, hawar daun bakteri, durabilitas, heritabilitas

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