scholarly journals Características de vigor y susceptibilidad a salinidad de árboles de aguacate en las condiciones subtropicales de Jalisco, Mex.

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Victor Manuel Medina-Urrutia ◽  
Jaime Eduardo Reyes-Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
High Variability ◽  
High Density ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Size Scale ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Main Factors

Objectives: This work was carried out to determine the tree size and susceptibility to salinity and tristeza of avocado trees on a high density orchard established under subtropical conditions of Sayula Jalisco, with grafted plants introduced from Michoacan. Methodology: Trees of Hass and Mendez varieties grafted on native Mexican monoembryonic rootstocks planted at 5 x 3 m, on a sandy loam soil, pH 7.3, were used. During 5 months 10,500 trees were evaluated to register the size (scale: < 2.0, 2.1-3.5 , and > 3.5 m height) and susceptibility to salinity (scale: 1,3 and 5; 1=no damage, and 5=severe damage on leaves). Contribution: A high variability was observed on size of trees. 20.0 % of trees showed a small size, less than 2 m. 30.0% reached more than 3.5 m height. Salinity expression on leaves was very evident. Most trees showed salinity symptoms with a indices of 3 to 7. Only 28 % of trees were free of salinity. The use of monoembryonic rootstocks and water salinity were the main factors inducing tree avocado variability in this region.

scholarly journals Coal char affects soil pH to reduce ammonia volatilization from sandy loam soil

age ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Panday ◽  
Maysoon M. Mikha ◽  
Bijesh Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Coal Char ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil

Response of Weeds to Soil pH

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 473-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Buchanan ◽  
C. S. Hoveland ◽  
M. C. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Loam Soil

Ten warm-season and six cool-season weed species were grown in the glasshouse on Hartsells fine sandy loam soil and Lucedale sandy loam soil at pH levels from 4.7 to 6.3. Growth of species varied widely in response to soil pH as measured by herbage yield. Showy crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis Roth), coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis L.), and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] were highly tolerant to low pH soils. Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.), annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.), Carolina geranium (Geranium carolinianum L.), and buckhorn plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), were medium to high in tolerance. Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.), tall morningglory [Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth], crowfootgrass [Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Richter], and prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.) were medium to low in tolerance to low soil pH. Growth of Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC], redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), chickweed [Stellaria media (L.) Cyrillo], common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale (Weber), and wild mustard [Brassica kaber (DC.) L.C. Wheeler var. pinnatifida (Stokes) L.C. Wheeler] was severely reduced in soils with low pH.

Changes in soil pH and nutrient extractability after co-applying biochar and paper mill biosolids

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Manirakiza ◽  
Noura Ziadi ◽  
Mervin St. Luce ◽  
Chantal Hamel ◽  
Hani Antoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Metal Mobility ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Incubation Study ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
K Concentration

Acidification and metal mobility may present challenges in soil receiving paper mill biosolids (PB). Co-applying biochar and PB could help prevent these issues, but its effect must be assessed. The objective of this 224 d incubation study was to evaluate the effect of amending two acidic soils, a clay and sandy loam, with two PB types varying in pH (PB1, pH = 7.80; and PB2, pH = 4.51) co-applied with three rates (0%, 2.5%, and 5% w/w) of pine (Pinus strobus L.) biochar on soil pH and macro- (P, K, Ca, and Mg) and micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn). In both soils, co-applying biochar and PB significantly increased soil pH and extractable K concentration compared with PB-only application, whereas amending with PB significantly increased soil extractable P concentration compared with the unamended soil. In comparison with PB only, co-applying 5% biochar and PB decreased extractable Cu concentration in both soils and extractable Fe concentration in the sandy loam soil. This study showed that co-applying biochar and PB can be more beneficial to agricultural soils than application of PB alone by supplying nutrients and helping prevent metal toxicity by raising pH, especially in acidic sandy soils.

Effect of different environmental conditions on bacterial chemotaxis toward fungal spores

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 922-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip K. Arora ◽  
Sushma Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Bacterial Chemotaxis ◽  
Chemotactic Response ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
Loam Soil

The chemotactic response of four common soil bacteria, Agrobacterium radiobacter, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Xanthomonas malvacearum, was observed in natural soil to conidia of Cochliobolus sativus, chlamydospores of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri, sclerotia of Macrophomina phaseolina, and oospores of Phytophthora drechsleri f.sp. cajani. All bacteria migrated through soil toward fungal spores. Chemical analysis of fungal exudates demonstrated the presence of various amino acids and sugars that served as chemoattractants. The effect of temperature, pH, soil water matric potential, and soil texture on bacterial chemotaxis toward fungal spores was also investigated. In general, the response of bacteria to different types of fungal spores was significantly greater (P = 0.05) at higher water matric potential (0 and −5 kPa) than at lower soil water potential (−10 and −20 kPa). The chemotactic response was greatest in sandy soil, followed by sandy loam and clay loam soil. High temperature (40 °C) was not favourable for bacterial chemotaxis. The chemotactic response decreased by 4 to 28 times when soil pH decreased from 7 to 5 or increased from 7 to 9. The relative concentration response of the exudate of fungal spores and the motility or chemotaxis of bacteria were assessed. A significant positive correlation (P = 0.05; r = 0.89–0.92) was recorded between motility and relative concentrations of exudate. The swimming speed and tumbling frequency of Pseudomonas fluorescens cells was observed at different pH values and temperatures. The swimming speed of bacteria increased with increasing temperature, but decreased with an increase in pH from 5 to 7. The tumbling frequency had a sharp peak at 30 °C and pH 7. Bacteria were able to stimulate the release of exudate from the fungal spores. The amount of exudation was also affected by temperature, pH, and soil texture. A positive significant correlation (P = 0.05; r = 0.79–0.85) was recorded between exudation and a progressive increase in temperature. The amount of exudation also increased with an increase in soil pH from 5 to 8, but further increases in pH decreased the rate of exudation. In general, fungal spores exuded the greatest amounts of carbon compounds in sandy soil, followed by sandy loam and clay loam soil. Exudation in sandy soil was often greatest in the presence of A. radiobacter cells, while the greatest exudation in sandy loam and clay loam soils was induced by B. subtilis cells.Key words: chemotaxis, chemoattractants, fungal spores, motility.

scholarly journals Emergence and growth of corn and soybean under saline stress

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Favaro Blanco ◽  
Marcos Vinícius Folegatti ◽  
Hans Raj Gheyi ◽  
Pedro Dantas Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Corn Hybrid

Emergence and seedling growth may be severely affected by salinity, mainly for sensitive crops. The objective of the present study was to verify the tolerance of corn and soybean to the irrigation water salinity (ECi) during the emergence and initial development stages. Seeds of corn, hybrid 'AG-6690', and soybean, cv. 'Conquista', were sown in pots containing material from a sandy-loam soil and irrigated with water of increasing salinity levels, from 0.3 to 5.9 dS m-1, giving nine levels of ECi obtained by the addition of an equivalent proportion of sodium and calcium chloride, except for ECi = 0.3 dS m-1 (tap water). Emergence of corn was not affected by salinity but seedling development was reduced for ECi above 1.5 dS m-1. Emergence and growth of soybean were reduced by water salinity and the crop was more tolerant during the emergence (ECi = 2.7 dS m-1) than in the initial development (ECi = 1.0 dS m-1) stage. Salinity of soil solution (ECs) was linearly correlated to ECi and affected the growth of corn and soybean for ECs higher than 3 and 2 dS m-1, respectively.

APPLICATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN POTATO CULTIVATION -PREREQUISITES FOR THE USE OF DRONES

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
VIKTOR I. STAROVOITOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Row Width ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Sulfur Containing

The use of trace elements in the form of a chelated fertilizer can increase the yield and shelf life of potato tubers. When processing plantings with a tractor unit after closing the tops, severe damage to the plants by the tractor wheels is likely to be caused. In this case, it is advisable to use drones. The aim of the study was to make a comparative assessment of the eff ect of innovative preparations: sulfur-containing and containing trace elements in chelated form: Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo, Co, B, and the Aquarin-12 preparation on the yield and shelf life parameters of potato tubers of the Udacha and Kolobok varieties, as well as to perform preliminary calculations of the spray (capture) width when spraying potato plantings with a drone. The studies were conducted in 2018-2019 on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil. The experiment was carried out according to the requirements of the fi eld experiment and potato research methodology. The experiment was laid out according to the scheme, by the method of systematic placement of plots in four-fold repetition with a planting density of 44.4 thousand bushes/ha and the inter-row width of 75 cm. The use of the tested preparations allowed increasing the yield by 3.4…8.7 t/ha (12…37%) and reducing the total storage losses by 1.6…2.3%, especially in a good weather year. According to the calculations performed, it turned out that at the height of the drone fl ight of 9 m, the value of the spraying width or the sprayer’s operating width was 10.4 m. When conducting fi eld tests on potato plantings in a fi eld of 120x20 meters with a plant height of up to 1.0 m, the drone performed that task in 15 minutes (including refueling). A signifi cant increase in yield and a reduction in total losses during storage confi rm the feasibility of using preparations with trace elements in a chelated form when growing potatoes.

scholarly journals 632 PB 490 FIELD TRIALS WITH COMPOSTED, PELLETIZED POULTRY LITTER APPLICATIONS IN SPINACH AND COLLARDS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 523a-523
Author(s):  
Tina Gray Teague
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Fertilizer Solution

On farm studies in 1994 with a composted, poultry litter (PPL) product, Organigro (Organigro Inc., Watts, OK), were conducted with fall spinach and collards in eastern Arkansas. In a small plot study with `Cascade' spinach grown on Dubbs fine sandy loam soil (pH 6.5 to 6.8) in a large commercial field receiving fertilizer inputs of 102-0-70 NPK + 29.5 S + 0.5 B, additions of as little as 280 kg PPL ha-1 significantly increased yield. In collard studies, effects of applications of PPL, NPK and a transplant water applied fertilizer solution were compared in a trial with transplanted `Blue Max grown in a silt loam soil (pH 5.8 to 6.2) that had been damaged from precision leveling. PPL applied at 560 kg ha resulted in significantly higher yields than plots receiving NPK (applied as 516 kg 13-13-13 ha-1) alone. Applications of a fertilizer solution containing secondary and micronutrients (Golden Harvest Plus, Smeller Chemical. Houston, TX) in transplant water (50 ml/plant solution containing .95 1 GH+/378 1 H2O) resulted in comparable yields as those treatments with PPL. These results indicate that shallow rooted vegetable crops such as spinach and collards grown in damaged soils or light textured soils with low organic matter can he improved with additions of poultry litter. The PPL product used in these studies is produced with a guaranteed analysis of 4-4-4 NPK, and because it has been composted, problems with weed seeds and pathogenic organisms have been eliminated The pelletized form of the product also, facilitates field application. These properties make this type product ideal for use in vegetable production systems, particularly where problems with secondary or micronutrients may he likely.

scholarly journals Macadamia Husk Compost Improved Physical and Chemical Properties of a Sandy Loam Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 6997
Author(s):  
Dembe Maselesele ◽  
John B.O. Ogola ◽  
Romeo N. Murovhi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Total N ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Water Holding

Poor soil fertility caused mainly by low and declining soil organic carbon is one of the major constraints limiting crop productivity in tropical and subtropical regions of South Africa. We evaluated the effect of macadamia husk compost (MHC) on selected chemical and physical properties of a sandy loam soil in NE South Africa in two successive seasons. The treatments, laid out in randomised, complete block design and replicated four times, were: (i) zero control, (ii) inorganic fertilizer (100:60:60 NPK Kg ha−1), (iii) MHC at 15 t ha−1, and (iv) MHC at 30 t ha−1. Soil bulk density; water holding capacity; soil pH; electrical conductivity (EC); organic carbon; total N; and available P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, and Cu were determined at 0–15 cm soil depth. Macadamia husk compost application decreased bulk density and increased water holding capacity. MHC and inorganic fertilizer increased soil pH, organic carbon, total N, C:N ratio, available P, exchangeable cations, and micronutrients but the effect was more pronounced under MHC treatments in both seasons. The positive effect of MHC on soil physicochemical properties was associated with an increase in soil organic carbon due to MHC application; hence, MHC may offer a sustainable option of increasing soil productivity, particularly in areas characterised by low SOC.

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