APPLICATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN POTATO CULTIVATION -PREREQUISITES FOR THE USE OF DRONES

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
VIKTOR I. STAROVOITOV ◽  

The use of trace elements in the form of a chelated fertilizer can increase the yield and shelf life of potato tubers. When processing plantings with a tractor unit after closing the tops, severe damage to the plants by the tractor wheels is likely to be caused. In this case, it is advisable to use drones. The aim of the study was to make a comparative assessment of the eff ect of innovative preparations: sulfur-containing and containing trace elements in chelated form: Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo, Co, B, and the Aquarin-12 preparation on the yield and shelf life parameters of potato tubers of the Udacha and Kolobok varieties, as well as to perform preliminary calculations of the spray (capture) width when spraying potato plantings with a drone. The studies were conducted in 2018-2019 on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil. The experiment was carried out according to the requirements of the fi eld experiment and potato research methodology. The experiment was laid out according to the scheme, by the method of systematic placement of plots in four-fold repetition with a planting density of 44.4 thousand bushes/ha and the inter-row width of 75 cm. The use of the tested preparations allowed increasing the yield by 3.4…8.7 t/ha (12…37%) and reducing the total storage losses by 1.6…2.3%, especially in a good weather year. According to the calculations performed, it turned out that at the height of the drone fl ight of 9 m, the value of the spraying width or the sprayer’s operating width was 10.4 m. When conducting fi eld tests on potato plantings in a fi eld of 120x20 meters with a plant height of up to 1.0 m, the drone performed that task in 15 minutes (including refueling). A signifi cant increase in yield and a reduction in total losses during storage confi rm the feasibility of using preparations with trace elements in a chelated form when growing potatoes.

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. C. Sharma ◽  
B. R. Arora

SummarySix field experiments, three each during 1982–3 and 1983–4, were conducted on a sandy loam soil to study the effect of varying levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, in the absence and presence of farmyard manure (FYM) (30 t/ha), on the number of tubers and yield of potato in three grades. Increase in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application, in the absence or presence of FYM, did not significantly affect the total number of tubers/m2 but did affect the number of tubers in different grades. An increase in nitrogen and potassium significantly decreased the number of tubers/m2 in small (< 25 g) and increased in medium (25–75 g) and large (> 75 g) grades at 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after planting. Increase in the application of phosphorus increased the number of tubers/m2 in the small grade and decreased it in the large grade but did not affect the number in the medium grade. Increase in nitrogen and potassium application decreased the tuber yield in the small grade and increased it in the medium and large grades. Applied phosphorus increased the yield in the small and medium grades and decreased it in the large grade. The increase in the yield of tubers with increase in nitrogen and potassium application was found to be caused by an increase in the number of tubers in the medium and large grades at the expense of the small grade; however, with applied phosphorus the increase in yield was due to increase in the weight of individual tubers within the small and medium grades. FYM application decreased the number of tubers in the small grade and increased it in the medium and large grades. The response of potato to nitrogen increased and to phosphorus and potassium decreased with the application of FYM.


2021 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
А.Э. Шабанов ◽  
А.И. Киселев

Опыты проводили в 2018–2020 годах на экспериментальной базе «Коренево» (Московская область) в условиях дерново-подзолистой супесчаной почвы Центрального региона Нечерноземной зоны России. Цель исследований – изучить реакцию нового среднеспелого сорта картофеля Сигнал селекции ФГБНУ «ФИЦ картофеля имени А.Г. Лорха» на сроки, густоту посадки и приемы внесения минеральных удобрений по комплексу хозяйственно ценных признаков (морфологические и биологические особенности, потребительские и столовые качества клубней, урожайность, показатели качества клубней, устойчивость к болезням, лежкость при хранении). Выбор исследуемых агроприемов обусловлен необходимостью ускорения появления всходов, последующего развития растений и формирования достаточно значимого уровня урожая клубней до наступления неблагоприятных метеорологических условий (жара, засуха), а также обеспечения бесперебойного питания растений в течение всей вегетации, так как на супесчаных почвах во время выпадения осадков происходит вымывание питательных веществ в недоступные для корневой системы растений слои. Клубни высаживали в два срока: ранний (третья декада апреля при температуре почвы не ниже 5–7 °C) и базовый (контроль) – через 7–10 дней после первого срока. Посадку проводили на фоне удобрений, внесенных локально тремя приемами при нарезке гребней и последующих междурядных обработках двумя лентами: 1. Основное N90P90K135(контроль); 2. Дробное №1 (стартовое N60P60K90+ подкормка N30P30K45 через 7–10 дней после всходов); 3. Дробное №2 (стартовое N30P30K45 + подкормка N30P30K45 через 7–10 дней после всходов + подкормка N30P30K45 в фазе бутонизации). Густота посадки: 44, 50 и 56 тыс. клубней/га по схеме 75×30; 75×27 и 75×24 см. Определен наиболее эффективный комплекс агроприемов, включающий раннюю посадку (третья декада апреля при температуре почвы не ниже 5 °C) с густотой 44 тыс. клубней/га на фоне дробно-локального внесения удобрений (№1). В условиях дерново-подзолистой супесчаной почвы Центрального региона Нечерноземной зоны сорт дает прибавку урожая в размере 3,9 т/га, или 10,3%. При этом условный доход составляет 43,0 тыс. р/га. Ключевые слова: агротехнологический паспорт, урожайность, срок, густота посадки, прием внесения, потребительские и столовые качества, условный доход. The experiments were carried out in 2018–2020 at the experimental base Korenevo (Moscow region) in the conditions of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia. The aim of the research is to study the reaction of a new medium-ripe potato variety from the selection of Russian Potato Research Centre on the timing, planting density and methods of applying mineral fertilizers according to a complex of economically valuable characteristics (morphological and biological features, consumer and table qualities of tubers, yield, quality indicators of tubers, disease resistance, shelf life). The choice of the studied agricultural practices is due to the need to accelerate the emergence of seedlings, the subsequent development of plants and the formation of a sufficiently significant level of tuber yield before the onset of adverse meteorological conditions (heat, drought), as well as to ensure uninterrupted nutrition of plants throughout the growing season, since on sandy loam soils during precipitation, nutrients are leached into layers inaccessible to the root system of plants. Tubers were planted in two terms: early (3rd decade of April at a soil temperature not lower than 5–7 °C) and basic (control) – 7–10 days after the first term. The planting was carried out against the background of fertilizers applied locally in three methods when cutting the ridges and subsequent row-to-row treatments with two tapes: 1. Basic N90P90K135 (control); 2. Fractional No1 (starting N60P60K90 + top dressing N30P30K45 7–10 days after germination); 3. Fractional No2 (starting N30P30K45+ top dressing N30P30K45 7–10 days after germination + top dressing N30P30K45 in the budding phase). Planting density: 44, 50 and 56 thousand tubers/ha according to the scheme 75×30; 75×27 and 75×24 cm. The most effective agro-complex of techniques was determined, including early planting (3rd decade of April at soil t not lower than 5 °C) with a density of 44 thousand tubers/ha against the background of fractional local fertilization (№1). In the conditions of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone, the variety gives an increase in yield of 3.9 t/ha, or 10.3%. At the same time, the conditional income is 43.0 thousand rub/ha.


2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Auksė Burakova ◽  
Eugenija Bakšienė ◽  
Almantas Ražukas

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of organic fertilizers on the potato tubers yield and nutrient accumulation. Experiments were carried out at the Vokė Branch of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in 2016–2018. The experiments were performed in stationary concrete cylindrical 24 lysimeters on sandy loam and loamy sand Haplic Luvisol, with a surface area of 1.75 m2 and a test soil layer of 1.35 cm. Fertilization with three randomized replications on each side of lysimeters were the following: 1) control (no fertilizer); 2) NPK organic fertilizers (Provita, phosphorite powder, potassium magnesia); 3) 40 t ha–1 sapropel; 4) 60 t ha–1 manure. The results of the experiments suggest that 40 t ha–1 sapropel and 60 t ha–1 manure fertilizers increase potato tuber yields in both soils (sandy loam soil and loamy sand soil). Inserted NPK fertilizers produced the highest yield (in 2017 and 2019) of a small fraction of potato tubers. The findings suggest that during the drier period, in 2019, the accumulation of all elements increased about 0.7–7 times in both soils. The starch content in the tubers was dependent mostly on the meteorological conditions.


1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-886
Author(s):  
S. FREYMAN ◽  
M. S. KALDY ◽  
G. C. KOZUB ◽  
S. DUBETZ ◽  
W. T. ANDREW

Two cultivars of sweet corn (Zea mays L.), Mello Gold and Queen Anne, were grown at two sites in 1970 at three plant populations (45, 60, and 75 thousand plants/ha), two row spacings (75 and 100 cm), and two fertilizer rates (recommended rate on the basis of a soil test and an upward adjustment of the recommended rate). In 1971 an additional site was chosen and the same two cultivars were grown at four plant populations (45, 57.5, 70, and 82.5 thousand plants/ha) in rows 100 cm apart and with a uniform recommended fertilizer application. Yields in 1970 were higher on a sandy loam than on a loam soil. Mello Gold had larger ears and yielded more than Queen Anne. Yields increased significantly in both years with increasing plant populations. Yields were unaffected in 1970 by row width or fertilizer rate. Ear length of both cultivars decreased with increasing populations. Total sugar and alcohol-insoluble solid content of the kernels was unaffected by the treatments.


Author(s):  
A.I. Kiselev ◽  
A.E. Shabanov

Исследования проводили на экспериментальной базе Коренево ВНИИКХ (Московская область) в 2018-2019 годах на новом среднеспелом сорте картофеля Кумач. В опыте на дерново-подзолистой супесчаной почве изучали агротехнические приемы (сроки, густоту посадки и способы внесения минеральных удобрений) с целью: ускорить рост, развитие растений и формирование хозяйственно значимого урожая клубней до наступления неблагоприятных метеорологических условий (жара, засуха) улучшить параметры товарных клубней в структуре урожая обеспечить бесперебойное питание растений в течение всей вегетации. Клубни высаживали в два срока: ранний (третья декада апреля при температуре почвы не ниже 5 С) и базовый (контроль) через 7-10 дней после первого срока. Посадку проводили на фоне удобрений, внесенных локально тремя способами при нарезке гребней и последующих междурядных обработках: 1. единовременно N90P90K135 (контроль) 2. дробно (стартовое N60P60K90 подкормка N30P30K45 через 7-10 дней после всходов) 3. дробно (стартовое N30P30K45 подкормка N30P30K45 через 7-10 дней после всходов подкормка N30P30K45 в фазу бутонизации). Густота посадки: 44 (контроль) 50 и 56 тыс. клубней/га по схеме 7530 7527 и 7524 см. Ранняя посадка способствовала ускорению появления всходов на 4-6, а фазы бутонизации и цветения растений на 3-7 дней. На варианте с посадкой клубней в 1 срок и дробным внесением удобрений (стартовое N60P60K90 подкормка N N30P30K45 через 7-10 дней после всходов) увеличивались масса ботвы, площадь ассимиляционной поверхности листьев в среднем на 2,2 т/га и 4,6 тыс. м2/га, а при загущении посадок на 1,3-3,8 т/га и 1,4-4,5 тыс. м2/га в сравнении с контрольными вариантами. Прибавка урожая от ранней посадки составила в среднем за два года до 1,8 т/га или 5,1 от дробного внесения удобрений до 2,5 т/га или 7,1, а от загущения посадок на 1,9-2,9 т/га или до 8,2 в сравнении с соответствующими контролями. Совокупное применение агроприемов в опыте позволило получить прибавку урожая в размере 4,0 т/га или 11,4 в сравнении с базовыми вариантами. Условный доход составил 41 тыс. р/га.The research of new medium-ripe potato variety Kumach was conducted at the experimental base Korenevo (Lorch Potato Research Institute, Moscow region) in 2018-2019 years. In the experiment on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil, agricultural techniques (timing, planting density and methods of mineral fertilizers applying) were studied with the aim of: 1. accelerate the growth, development of plants and the achievement of high yield before the beginning of unfavorable conditions (heat, drought) 2. improve the parameters of tubers commodity in the crop structure 3. ensure plant nutrition throughout the growing season on constant level. Tubers were planted in 2 terms: early (3rd decade of April at a soil temperature above 5C) and basic (control) - 7-10 days after the first term. Planting was carried out on the background of fertilizers applied locally during ridging in three variants: 1. N90P90K135 (control) at a time 2. fractional (starting N60P60K90 top dressing N30P30K45) 7-10 days after germination 3. fractional (starting N30P30K45 top dressing N30P30K45 7-10 days after germination top dressing N30P30K45 in the budding phase). Planting density: 44 (control) 50 and 56 thousand tubers/ha according to the scheme 75x30 75x27 and 75x24 cm. Early planting contributed to acceleration of seedlings emergence by 4-6 days, and the phases of budding and flowering of plants by 3-7 days. In variant of planting tubers in first term (fractional appliance - N60P60K90 by ridging N30P30K45 after 7-10 days after germination) the mass of the plants, the area of the assimilation surface of the leaves increased by an average on 2.2 t/ha and 4.6 thousand m2/ha, and in variant of thickening the plantings-by 1.3-3.8 t/ha and 1.4-4.5 thousand m2 / ha in comparison with the control variants. The increase in yield from early planting was on average up to 1.8 t/ha or 5.1 over 2 years from fractional fertilization up to 2.5 t / ha or 7.1, and from thickening of plantings-by 1.9-2.9 t / ha or up to 8.2 in comparison with the corresponding controls. The combined use of agricultural practices in the experiment allowed to get an increase in yield of 4.0 t / ha or 11.4 in comparison with the control variants. Income was 41 thousand rubles / ha.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Starovoitova ◽  
Viktor Starovoitov ◽  
Aleksandra Manokhina

The purpose of this research was the evaluation of the influence of chelate compounds of micronutrients on yield and state tubers of mid-season potato variety Kolobok during storage. The research was conducted on the fields with sod-podzolic sandy loam soil in 2016 and 2017 years. During the research one tuber processing and two foliar processing were done before planting and during vegetation respectively. The experiment had two control groups, the first group was not treated at all and the second group was treated with water. The organization of field experiment, counting and observation were done according to requirements of methods of field experiment and “Methods of investigation of potato varieties”. On average two years groups treated with drugs, which contain chelate compounds of micronutrients, had 4.4 and 4.7 main stems per bush respectively that was more than in control groups. The application of the drugs increased marketable yield by 3.5–3.7 t/ha (13.5–14.2 %). On average two years groups treated with the sulfur-containing drug had the biggest marketable yield that was 9.9 tubers per bush (1.5 tubers per bush or 17 % more than the first control group). The obtained result of the experiment means that these drugs are worth using during potato cultivation.


Author(s):  
Victor Manuel Medina-Urrutia ◽  
Jaime Eduardo Reyes-Hernandez

Objectives: This work was carried out to determine the tree size and susceptibility to salinity and tristeza of avocado trees on a high density orchard established under subtropical conditions of Sayula Jalisco, with grafted plants introduced from Michoacan. Methodology: Trees of Hass and Mendez varieties grafted on native Mexican monoembryonic rootstocks planted at 5 x 3 m, on a sandy loam soil, pH 7.3, were used. During 5 months 10,500 trees were evaluated to register the size (scale: < 2.0, 2.1-3.5 , and > 3.5 m height) and susceptibility to salinity (scale: 1,3 and 5; 1=no damage, and 5=severe damage on leaves). Contribution: A high variability was observed on size of trees. 20.0 % of trees showed a small size, less than 2 m. 30.0% reached more than 3.5 m height. Salinity expression on leaves was very evident. Most trees showed salinity symptoms with a indices of 3 to 7. Only 28 % of trees were free of salinity. The use of monoembryonic rootstocks and water salinity were the main factors inducing tree avocado variability in this region.


Agronomie ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Harrison ◽  
Sharon Ellis ◽  
Roy Cross ◽  
James Harrison Hodgson

Author(s):  
Ammar Hameed Madi ◽  
Jawad A. Kamal Al-Shibani

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of bacterial bio-fertilization A. chroococcum and P. putide and four levels of compost (0, 1, 2, 3) tons.h-1 on the leaves content of N.P.K elements. The experiment was carried out in one of the greenhouses of the College of Agriculture - University of Al-Qadisiyah during fall season 2018-2019. It designed in accordance with the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates in sandy loam soil. The means of treatments were compared with the least significant difference (LSD) at (5)% probability level. The results present that the treatments of A. chroococcum, P. putide and compost at (3) tons.kg-1 significantly increases the leaves content of K.P.K compared to all other treatments in the flowering stage (4.970, 0.5000, and 4.930) mg.kg-1, respectively. This treatment was followed by the effect of the treatment of A. chroococcum and compost at (3) tons.kg-1, which increases the values of all traits except the leaf content of (P). Bio-fertilizer with P. putide + A. chroococcum significantly increases the leaves' content of P.


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