scholarly journals A Survey of Pre-Service Teachers ICT’s Competencies in Papua

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 813-820
Author(s):  
Martha Betaubun
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Science Discipline ◽  
Ict Use ◽  
Digital World ◽  
West Papua ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Teachers Training ◽  
Ict Competencies

This research analyzes the ICT Competencies of Pre-services Teachers in Papua, including the Region of Sorong, Merauke, Jayapura, and Manokwari. This research aims to discover the students of Teachers' Training Faculty spread in Papua competencies on ICT. The measurement of ICT competencies is carried out using a model developed by Tondeur for preservice teachersusing questionnaires that consisted of 19 items. Questionnaires were distributed to Papua Region covering Jayapura and Merauke, West Papua region covering Sorong and Manokwari. Sixty-eight respondents became the data in this study. Data were analyzed using XL Stats to find the mean and standard deviation. The findings in this study were; the low competencies were found on Papuan Indigenous Pre-service teachers, and the high competencies were found in science discipline compared to non-science in Papua and West Papua Indonesia. The low ability of native Papuan students in managing information in the digital world is indicated by the lack of awareness of preservice teachers in developing a sense of responsibility in using ICT as a communication medium and activities involving ICT use.

scholarly journals Economic analysis of strategic control program (5, 8, 11) for gastrointestinal nematodes in grazing beef cattle during the growing phase in Central Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Henrique Conde ◽  
Rafael Pereira Heckler ◽  
Dyego Gonçalves Lino Borges ◽  
Valter Joost Van Onselen ◽  
Ricardo Carneiro Brumatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Strategic Control ◽  
Stock Valuation ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Operational Result ◽  
The Mean

This study aimed to analyze economically different control protocols for beef cattle gastrointestinal nematodes in Brazil. Field study data previously published was used to compare three groups: 1) non-dosed; 2) current deworming program with two doses - May and November; and 3) alternative strategic control program with three doses - May, August, and November. An economic sensitivity analysis was performed based on beef carcass price (BCP) variation, thus creating three economic scenarios: 1) more probable (M) using the mean BCP in the studied region; 2) optimistic (O) using the mean BCP plus standard deviation; and 3) pessimistic (P) using the mean BCP minus standard deviation. Stock valuation (SV), operational result (OP), and treatment differential (TD) were calculated for each scenario. Average BCP was US$ 2.93 kg-1 carcass (± US$ 0.27 kg-1 carcass). The mean annual cost of deworming per animal was US$ 5.43 and US$ 7.97 for protocols with two and three doses, respectively. The cost of anthelmintic treatment represented 0.63% and 0.74% of operating results, both in M scenario. TD ranged from 9.5% to 27.6% for the assessed protocols. Regardless of the scenario, the protocol with three annual dosages presented the highest SV and OP, which economically justifies its implementation in strategic control of gastrointestinal nematodes in grazing beef cattle in Central Brazil. These results also demonstrate the relevance of strategic anthelmintic treatments in weaned stocker calves in tropical and humid subtropical areas.

scholarly journals Frequency of polypharmacy and drug interactions in inpatients in the emergency department, Southwest of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mobina Tahmasebivand ◽  
Hassan Barzegari ◽  
Mandana Izadpanah
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Southwest Of Iran ◽  
Drug Therapy Problems ◽  
Length Of Hospitalization

This study aimed to evaluate the polypharmacy extent and the frequency and severity of drug interactions by evaluating inpatients in the emergency department. In this epidemiologicaldescriptive study, data were collected retrospectively by reviewing medical records of 92 hospitalized patients in the emergency department with a stay over 48 hours. Out of the study population, 54.3% and 45.7% were respectively male and female, with a mean age of 59.09. In terms of hospitalization, 27.2% and 16.3% were hospitalized due to heart problems and trauma, respectively and the mean length of hospitalization was 3.91 with a standard deviation of 2.57 days. The mean drug received was 8.48, with a standard deviation of 4.48. Of the patients, 81.5% received more than 5 drugs; in addition, the observed amounts of drug interactions of A, B, C, D, and X were 2.5%, 17%, 59.3%, 19.5%, and 1.9%, respectively. The drug interaction prevalence in inpatients in the emergency department was high. The presence of a pharmacist is necessary to identify drug interactions and reduce drug-therapy problems to provide quality services.

scholarly journals SIGNIFICANT EFFECTIVENESS OF MALAY LANGUAGE TEACHER’S CONFIDENCE AND SELF-PROCEDURE IN USING DIGITAL MATERIALS FOR TEACHING FACTUAL ESSAYS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (44) ◽  
pp. 01-12
Author(s):  
Adenan Ayob
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
The Self ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One

The digitization of materials in education is a sophisticated platform that is increasingly being used by Malay language teachers in the classroom. This digitization is increasingly imposed by teachers, and many related studies that have been done. In line with this research, the study was conducted to examine the significant effectiveness of Malay language teacher’s confidence and self-proactivity on the use of digital materials in the teaching of factual essays. The study revolved around teacher’s opinions based on the dimensions of self-confidence and proactiveness. A survey method through a quantitative study design based on questionnaires is used in this research. The study sample consisted of 30 Malay language teachers for secondary schools in the district of Shah Alam, Selangor. The study data were analyzed descriptively; mean and standard deviation. The inferential data were from the One-Sample t-Test to test the mean effectiveness of each dimension. The results of this study show that there is a significant mean difference for both dimensions. For the self-confidence dimension, t = 37.1, while the self-proactivity dimension, t = 49.6. Both dimensions were set a significance level <0.05 (df = 29). Implications from this study suggest that self-confidence and proactiveness are important to be measured by teachers so that the use of digital materials becomes an active new norm in the context of factual essay teaching in the 21st century. It is recommended that teachers be given extensive exposure to the use of digital materials in the classroom. The purpose is to increase the stimulus of Malay language teachers in the context of the use of ICT-based materials.

At Least One Standard Deviation Above the Mean

1969 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 470-471
Author(s):  
M. DAVID MERRILL
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
The Mean

The Estimation of Blood Platelet Survival

1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 447-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A Murphy ◽  
M. E Francis ◽  
J. F Mustard
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Least Squares Estimation ◽  
Systematic Relationship ◽  
Platelet Survival ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normally Distributed

SummaryThe characteristics of experimental error in measurement of platelet radioactivity have been explored by blind replicate determinations on specimens taken on several days on each of three Walker hounds.Analysis suggests that it is not unreasonable to suppose that error for each sample is normally distributed ; and while there is evidence that the variance is heterogeneous, no systematic relationship has been discovered between the mean and the standard deviation of the determinations on individual samples. Thus, since it would be impracticable for investigators to do replicate determinations as a routine, no improvement over simple unweighted least squares estimation on untransformed data suggests itself.

PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI PADA PEER GROUP (TEMAN SEBAYA) TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN PERSEPSI REMAJA TENTANG PENDEWASAAN USIA PERKAWINAN DI SMA NEGERI 1 KECAMATAN NAMORAMBE KAB. DELI SERDANG 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Irma Linda
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
A Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reproductive Health Education ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Adolescent Perceptions

Background: Early marriages are at high risk of marital failure, poor family quality, young pregnancies at risk of maternal death, and the risk of being mentally ill to foster marriage and be responsible parents. Objective: To determine the effect of reproductive health education on peer groups (peers) on the knowledge and perceptions of adolescents about marriage age maturity. Method: This research uses the Quasi experimental method with One group pre and post test design, conducted from May to September 2018. The statistical analysis used in this study is a paired T test with a confidence level of 95% (α = 0, 05). Results: There is an average difference in the mean value of adolescent knowledge between the first and second measurements is 0.50 with a standard deviation of 1.922. The mean difference in mean scores of adolescent perceptions between the first and second measurements was 4.42 with a standard deviation of 9.611. Conclusion: There is a significant difference between adolescent knowledge on the pretest and posttest measurements with a value of P = 0.002, and there is a significant difference between adolescent perceptions on the pretest and posttest measurements with a value of p = 0.001. Increasing the number of facilities and facilities related to reproductive health education by peer groups (peers) in adolescents is carried out on an ongoing basis at school, in collaboration with local health workers as prevention of risky pregnancy.

Development of Prolonged Delivery of Tramadol and Dissolution Translation by Statistical Data Treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1331-1337
Author(s):  
P B Parejiya ◽  
B S Barot ◽  
P K Shelat
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Dissolution Time ◽  
Matrix Tablet ◽  
Burst Effect ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dissolution Efficiency

The present study was carried out to fabricate a prolonged design for tramadol using Kollidon SR (Polyvinyl acetate and povidone based matrix retarding polymer). Matrix tablet formulations were prepared by direct compression of Kollidon SR of a varying proportion with a fixed percentage of tramadol. Tablets containing a 1:0.5 (Drug: Kollidon SR) ratio exhibited a rapid rate of drug release with an initial burst effect. Incorporation of more Kollidon SR in the matrix tablet extended the release of drug with subsequent minimization of the burst effect as confirmed by the mean dissolution time, dissolution efficiency and f2 value. Among the formulation batches, a direct relationship was obtained between release rate and the percentage of Kollidon SR used. The formulation showed close resemblance to the commercial product Contramal and compliance with USP specification. The results were explored and explained by the difference of micromeritic characteristics of the polymers and blend of drug with excipients. Insignificant effects of various factors, e.g. pH of dissolution media, ionic strength, speed of paddle were found on the drug release from Kollidon-SR matrix. The formulation followed the Higuchi kinetic model of drug release. Stability study data indicated stable character of Batch T6 after short-term stability study.

Regularity and latency of units in ventral cochlear nucleus: implications for unit classification and generation of response properties

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Young ◽  
J. M. Robert ◽  
W. P. Shofner
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Cochlear Nucleus ◽  
Interspike Interval ◽  
Rate Adaptation ◽  
Stellate Cells ◽  
Instantaneous Rate ◽  
Ventral Cochlear Nucleus ◽  
Bushy Cell ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
The Mean

1. The responses of neurons in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) of decerebrate cats are described with regard to their regularity of discharge and latency. Regularity is measured by estimating the mean and standard deviation of interspike intervals as a function of time during responses to short tone bursts (25 ms). This method extends the usual interspike-interval analysis based on interval histograms by allowing the study of temporal changes in regularity during transient responses. The coefficient of variation (CV), equal to the ratio of standard deviation to mean interspike interval, is used as a measure of irregularity. Latency is measured as the mean and standard deviation of the latency of the first spike in response to short tone bursts, with 1.6-ms rise times. 2. The regularity and latency properties of the usual PST histogram response types are shown. Five major PST response type classes are used: chopper, primary-like, onset, onset-C, and unusual. The presence of a prepotential in a unit's action potentials is also noted; a prepotential implies that the unit is recorded from a bushy cell. 3. Units with chopper PST histograms give the most regular discharge. Three varieties of choppers are found. Chop-S units (regular choppers) have CVs less than 0.35 that are approximately constant during the response; chop-S units show no adaptation of instantaneous rate, as measured by the inverse of the mean interspike interval. Chop-T units have CVs greater than 0.35, show an increase in irregularity during the response and show substantial rate adaptation. Chop-U units have CVs greater than 0.35, show a decrease in irregularity during the response, and show a variety of rate adaptation behaviors, including negative adaptation (an increase in rate during a short-tone response). Irregular choppers (chop-T and chop-U units) rarely have CVs greater than 0.5. Choppers have the longest latencies of VCN units; all three groups have mean latencies at least 1 ms longer than the shortest auditory nerve (AN) fiber mean latencies. 4. Chopper units are recorded from stellate cells in VCN (35, 42). Our results for chopper units suggest a model for stellate cells in which a regularly firing action potential generator is driven by the summation of the AN inputs to the cell, where the summation is low-pass filtered by the membrane capacitance of the cell.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

scholarly journals Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI and Diffusion Weighted MRI for Benign and Malignant Breast Cancer Discrimination: A Preliminary Experience

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2421
Author(s):  
Roberta Fusco ◽  
Vincenza Granata ◽  
Mauro Mattace Raso ◽  
Paolo Vallone ◽  
Alessandro Pasquale De Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Dce Mri ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Skewness And Kurtosis

Purpose. To combine blood oxygenation level dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI), dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), and diffusion weighted MRI (DW-MRI) in differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions. Methods. Thirty-seven breast lesions (11 benign and 21 malignant lesions) pathologically proven were included in this retrospective preliminary study. Pharmaco-kinetic parameters including Ktrans, kep, ve, and vp were extracted by DCE-MRI; BOLD parameters were estimated by basal signal S0 and the relaxation rate R2*; and diffusion and perfusion parameters were derived by DW-MRI (pseudo-diffusion coefficient (Dp), perfusion fraction (fp), and tissue diffusivity (Dt)). The correlation coefficient, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were calculated and area under the ROC curve (AUC) was obtained. Moreover, pattern recognition approaches (linear discrimination analysis and decision tree) with balancing technique and leave one out cross validation approach were considered. Results. R2* and D had a significant negative correlation (−0.57). The mean value, standard deviation, Skewness and Kurtosis values of R2* did not show a statistical significance between benign and malignant lesions (p > 0.05) confirmed by the ‘poor’ diagnostic value of ROC analysis. For DW-MRI derived parameters, the univariate analysis, standard deviation of D, Skewness and Kurtosis values of D* had a significant result to discriminate benign and malignant lesions and the best result at the univariate analysis in the discrimination of benign and malignant lesions was obtained by the Skewness of D* with an AUC of 82.9% (p-value = 0.02). Significant results for the mean value of Ktrans, mean value, standard deviation value and Skewness of kep, mean value, Skewness and Kurtosis of ve were obtained and the best AUC among DCE-MRI extracted parameters was reached by the mean value of kep and was equal to 80.0%. The best diagnostic performance in the discrimination of benign and malignant lesions was obtained at the multivariate analysis considering the DCE-MRI parameters alone with an AUC = 0.91 when the balancing technique was considered. Conclusions. Our results suggest that the combined use of DCE-MRI, DW-MRI and/or BOLD-MRI does not provide a dramatic improvement compared to the use of DCE-MRI features alone, in the classification of breast lesions. However, an interesting result was the negative correlation between R2* and D.

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