scholarly journals IDENTIFICACIÓN DE TRIPS (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) EN EL CULTIVO DE MANGO (Mangifera indica L.) EN COSTA RICA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Ruth León ◽  
Jimmy Gamboa ◽  
Ricardo Elizondo
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Mangifera Indica

Durante los años 2000 a 2002, se realizaron recolectas de trips asociados al cultivo demango. Se identificaron ocho especies de trips, Haplotrips gowdeyi Franklin, Frankliniellagossypiana Hood, Frankliniella pr. gossypiana, Frankliniella insularis, Frankliniella cubensis,Selenotrips rubrocinctus, Scirthotrips sp. y Frankliniella sp., de las cuales el mayor número son del género Frankliniella y otros del género Selenotrips. Asimismo, en algunas plantacio-nes que no se incluyeron en este trabajo se presentó Frankliniella cephalica. Este estudio permitió determinar que en las plantaciones de mango se encuentra un “complejo de trips”,del cual se conoce poco sobre la sincronización que se da entre las especies involucradas.El daño lo causan las formas no aladas o inmaduras, al tener un aparato bucal en forma deestilete con el cual succionan la savia en el fruto, provocando deformación del mismo.

Meliola mangiferae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
The Family

Abstract A description is provided for Meliola mangiferae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Meliola mangiferae, as with the family Meliolaceae in general, is found on living leaves parasitizing the epidermis and sometimes deeper tissues, but without production of obvious disease symptoms. HOSTS: Mangifera indica, M. rigida and Mangifera sp. (Hansford, 1961). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Brazil, British Guiana, Costa Rica, Cuba, India, Indonesia (Java), Jamaica, Malaysia, Panama, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Surinam, Trinidad & Tobago, Venezuela. Meliola mangiferae is found in practically all areas of mango cultivation, with the exception of Africa and Australia (Hansford, 1961). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores.

scholarly journals Presencia de Colletotrichum acutatum y Colletotrichum gloeosporioides en helecho hoja de cuero, limón criollo, papaya, carambola y mango en Costa Rica y Florida (Estados Unidos)

1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Barquero Quirós ◽  
Natalia A. Peres ◽  
Luis Felipe Arauz
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Averrhoa Carambola ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
Rumohra Adiantiformis

La antracnosis es una enfermedad causada por varias especies del género Colletotrichum en diferentes hospederos. C. acutatum y C. gloeosporioides son especies morfológicamente similares, que pueden causar síntomas similares en el mismo hospedero. Se colectaron 220 aislamientos de Colletotrichum de muestras con síntomas típicos de antracnosis en helecho hoja de cuero (Rumohra adiantiformis), limón criollo (Citrus aurantifolia), carambola (Averrhoa carambola), papaya (Carica papaya) y mango (Mangifera indica) en Costa Rica y Florida, Estados Unidos. Los aislamientos se caracterizaron por morfología de colonia, sensibilidad al benomil, y PCR con los iniciadores específicos para C. acutatum y C. gloeosporioides CaInt2 y Cg/fInt1, respectivamente; también se analizó la morfología de las colonias de ambas especies. De los 85 aislamientos obtenidos de mango, todos los aislamientos de Florida fueron identificados como C. acutatum, mientras que todos los aislamientos de Costa Rica fueron C. gloeosporioides. De los 60 aislamientos de carambola, 3 provenientes de Costa Rica fueron C. acutatum (primer informe) y el resto fueron C. gloeosporioides. Todos los aislamientos de helecho hoja de cuero (25 aislamientos) y de limón criollo (25 aislamientos) se identificaron como C. acutatum. Los demás aislamientos de carambola y mango así como todos los aislamientos de papaya, se identificaron como C. gloeosporioides. No se encontró diferenciación de síntomas entre ambas especies sobre los hospederos donde se encontraron.

scholarly journals Erwinia billingiae causes bacterial Canker of Mango (Mangifera indica) in Costa Rica

2020 ◽  
pp. 306-315
Author(s):  
Daniela Vidaurre-Barahona ◽  
Amy Wang-Wong ◽  
Lorena Uribe-Lorío
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Positive Isolate ◽  
Phenotypic Methods ◽  
Erwinia Billingiae

Introduction. In Costa Rica, bacterial canker of mango has caused economic losses in most of the productive areas since the mid-1980s. The causal agents have been identified only by phenotypic methods such as Erwinia mangifera and E. herbicola. Objective. To confirm, using a molecular and phenotypic approach, the species of the Enterobacteriaceae the cause bacterial canker of mango in Costa Rica. Material and methods. Fruits, branches, and trunks with symptoms were collected in different orchards in the Alajuela province. Bacterial isolation was performed, and pathogenicity was evaluated by inoculating fruits and trunks of the Tommy Atkins variety. The positive isolates for the pathogenic test were re-inoculated, isolated, and identified in order to fulfill Koch’s postulates. The CIBCM-Mg-115 positive isolate that caused symptoms was analyzed by complete biochemical characterization and molecular identification by phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA and the atpD, gyrB, infB, and rpoB housekeeping genes. Results. According to the data obtained from the biochemical and molecular analysis, the CIBCM-Mg-115 strain was identified as Erwinia billingiae. Conclusion. E. billingiae corresponds to one of the causal agents of bacterial canker on mango (M. indica) trees in Costa Rica.

Anastrepha ludens. [Distribution map].

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
North America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Anastrepha Ludens ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Anastrepha ludens (Loew) Diptera: Tephritidae Attacks mainly Citrus and mango (Mangifera indica). Occasionally also peach (Prunus persica), guava (Psidium guajava) and other tropical and subtropical fruits. Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Arizona, California, Florida, Texas, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua.

scholarly journals Analysis of the tree component and its contribution to ecosystem services in the city of Turrialba, Costa Rica

Ecosistemas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Laura Andrea Benegas Negri ◽  
Adolfo Rojas ◽  
Alberto Iraheta ◽  
Jeanette Cardenas
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Erythrina Poeppigiana ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Tree Component ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
The City

El análisis y gestión de ecosistemas urbanos es crucial para construir resiliencia en ciudades y avanzar hacia su sostenibilidad. Uno de los componentes fundamentales de estos ecosistemas son los bosques urbanos. Para determinar los aportes y efectos de los árboles en ciudades se analizó una muestra del casco urbano de la ciudad de Turrialba en la zona central de Costa Rica, a través del modelo iTree Eco, que permite valorar los principales servicios ecosistémicos que proveen los árboles en las ciudades. Aunque en este estudio no fue posible cuantificar todos los servicios ecosistémicos que incluye el modelo, se logró analizar los elementos y contexto estructural de la zona de estudio, y el valor de los servicios ecosistémicos de secuestro y almacenamiento de carbono, así como el valor estructural de los árboles. Anualmente, en la zona estudiada, con 18 especies de árboles identificadas, se generan más de 60 000 USD solamente derivados de estos tres servicios ecosistémicos. De las especies identificadas la Zygia longifolia, se destacó por mayor abundancia y área foliar, Erythrina poeppigiana en altura y mayor almacenamiento de carbono, Mangifera indica en mayor secuestro de carbono y producción de oxígeno y Veitchia sp con el mayor valor estructural. Asimismo, se evidenció que, mantener las franjas ribereñas del río Turrialba y sus tributarios, en su paso por el casco urbano de esta ciudad, aporta la mayor cantidad de servicios ecosistémicos derivados de los árboles que todavía alberga y donde existe aún un importante potencial de incluir nuevas plantaciones.

scholarly journals Indice

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Alcances Tecnológicos
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Citrus Latifolia ◽  
Citrus Volkameriana

ARTÍCULOSMétodos de siembra y uso de atrazina en el establecimiento delpasto Brachiaria brizantha cv. Diamantes 1, en el trópico húmedode Costa Rica. Moisés Hernández, Franklin Herrera ... ... ... 1Efecto de la dosis y formulación de Metahrizium anisopliae enel combate de cercópidos en el pasto Brachiaria (Brachiariaruzizensis). Yannery Gómez ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...11Evaluación de la eficacia biológica de los fungicidas BAS510(Boscalid) y BAS 516 (Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin) para el control de Botrytis cinnerea en el cultivo de tomate (Lycopersicum escu-lentum). Bernardo Mora ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...23 Inoculación de Citrus volkameriana y Citrumelo swingle con hon-gos micorrizógenos (HMA), bajo técnicas diferentes de desinfec-ción de sustrato. Susana Shweizer, Eduardo Salas ... ... ... ...35 Identificación de trips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) en el cultivo de mango (Mangifera indica L.). Ruth León, Jimmy Gamboa, Ri-cardo Elizondo ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...47 Evaluación de cuatro patrones para cítricos injertados con lima persa (Citrus latifolia Tan.) bajo condiciones de Cañas, Guana-caste. Sergio Hernández ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...53 Análisis de estabilidad de cultivares de maíz (Zea mays L.) enambientes de Costa Rica. Nevio A. Bonilla ... ... ... ... ... ... ...63NOTAS TÉCNICASEvaluación agronómica de cereales forrajeros de uso potencialen sistemas de producción de leche de altura. María Mesén,William Sánchez ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...73Evaluación de leguminosas de los géneros Vicia, Lotus y Trifoliumen la zona alta de la provincia de Heredia, Costa Rica. MaríaMesén, William Sánchez ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...79

scholarly journals Polyphenolic Characterization, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activities of Mangifera indica Cultivars from Costa Rica

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirtha Navarro ◽  
Elizabeth Arnaez ◽  
Ileana Moreira ◽  
Silvia Quesada ◽  
Gabriela Azofeifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Colon Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Quercetin Derivatives

The phenolic profile of skin and flesh from Manifera indica main commercial cultivars (Keitt and Tommy Atkins) in Costa Rica was studied using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS) on enriched phenolic extracts. A total of 71 different compounds were identified, including 32 gallates and gallotannins (of different polymerization degree, from galloyl hexose monomer up to decagalloyl hexoses and undecagalloyl hexoses); seven hydroxybenzophenone (maclurin and iriflophenone) derivatives, six xanthonoids (including isomangiferin and mangiferin derivatives); 11 phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives); and eight flavonoids (rhamnetin and quercetin derivatives). The findings for T. Atkins skin constitute the first report of such a high number and diversity of compounds. Also, it is the first time that the presence of gallotannin decamers and undecamers are reported in the skin and flesh of Keitt cultivar and in T. Atkins skins. In addition, total phenolic content (TPC) was measured with high values especially for fruits’ skins, with a TPC of 698.65 and 644.17 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract, respectively, for Keitt and T. Atkins cultivars. Antioxidant potential using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) methods were evaluated, with T. Atkins skin showing the best values for both DPPH (IC50 = 9.97 µg/mL) and ORAC (11.02 mmol TE/g extract). A significant negative correlation was found for samples between TPC and DPPH antioxidant values (r = −0.960, p < 0.05), as well as a significant positive correlation between TPC and ORAC (r = 0.910, p < 0.05) and between DPPH and ORAC antioxidant methods (r = 0.989, p < 0.05). Also, cytotoxicity was evaluated in gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS), hepatocarcinoma (HepG2), and colon adenocarcinoma (SW620), with T. Atkins skin showing the best results (IC50 = 138–175 µg/mL). Finally, for AGS and SW 620 cell lines particularly, a high significant negative correlation was found between cytotoxic activity and gallotannins (r = −0.977 and r = −0.940, respectively) while for the HepG2 cell line, the highest significant negative correlation was found with xanthonoids compounds (r = −0.921).

Identification of Maize Rayado Fino Virus by Immunoelectron Microscopy

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Far North ◽  
Maize Rayado Fino Virus ◽  
Antibody Coating

Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) causes a severe disease of corn (Zea mays) in many locations throughout the neotropics and as far north as southern U.S. MRFV particles detected by direct electron microscopy of negatively stained sap from infected leaves are not necessarily distinguishable from many other small isometric viruses infecting plants (Fig. 1).Immunosorbent trapping of virus particles on antibody-coated grids and the antibody coating or decoration of trapped virus particles, was used to confirm the identification of MRFV. Antiserum to MRFV was supplied by R. Gamez (Centro de Investigacion en Biologia Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria, Costa Rica).Virus particles, appearing as a continuous lawn, were trapped on grids coated with MRFV antiserum (Fig. 2-4). In contrast, virus particles were infrequently found on grids not exposed to antiserum or grids coated with normal rabbit serum (similar to Fig. 1). In Fig. 3, the appearance of the virus particles (isometric morphology, 30 nm diameter, stain penetration of some particles, and morphological subunits in other particles) is characteristic of negatively stained MRFV particles. Decoration or coating of these particles with MRFV antiserum confirms their identification as MRFV (Fig. 4).

Social representations of human rights violations: Further evidence

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Clémence ◽  
Thierry Devos ◽  
Willem Doise
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
High Tolerance ◽  
Individual Actions

Social representations of human rights violations were investigated in a questionnaire study conducted in five countries (Costa Rica, France, Italy, Romania, and Switzerland) (N = 1239 young people). We were able to show that respondents organize their understanding of human rights violations in similar ways across nations. At the same time, systematic variations characterized opinions about human rights violations, and the structure of these variations was similar across national contexts. Differences in definitions of human rights violations were identified by a cluster analysis. A broader definition was related to critical attitudes toward governmental and institutional abuses of power, whereas a more restricted definition was rooted in a fatalistic conception of social reality, approval of social regulations, and greater tolerance for institutional infringements of privacy. An atypical definition was anchored either in a strong rejection of social regulations or in a strong condemnation of immoral individual actions linked with a high tolerance for governmental interference. These findings support the idea that contrasting definitions of human rights coexist and that these definitions are underpinned by a set of beliefs regarding the relationships between individuals and institutions.

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