scholarly journals SOURCE PARAMETERS of CRIMEAN-BLACK SEA REGION EARTHQUAKES

2019 ◽  
pp. 299-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pustovitenko ◽  
I. Kalinyuk
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Body Waves ◽  
Dynamic Parameters ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Amplitude Spectra ◽  
The Crimea

The source dynamic parameters of 12 earthquakes in Crimea with energy classes КП=7.0–10.1 have been restored by 63 amplitude spectra of P and S body waves registered by a group of regional seismic stations of the Crimea. For the three strongest earthquakes: May 1, October 15, and December 9, the solution of the focal mechanism has been obtained and the direction of radiation from the source at the registration station has been determined to take into account in the calculation of the scalar seismic moment. For these earthquakes, the best convergence of station definitions of all source dynamic parameters has been obtained. The average values of seismic moments and radii of circular dislocation within the experimental error of their determination satisfy the average long-term dependencies of the parameters on the energy level of earthquakes ob-tained previously by analog records

scholarly journals Geographical variability of length-age structure of the Black Sea sprat Sprattus sprattus phalericus (Risso) (Pisces: Clupeidae) and intraspecific differentiation

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
G. V. Zuyev ◽  
V. A. Bondarev ◽  
Yu. V. Samotoi
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Population Parameter ◽  
Intraspecific Differentiation ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Scientific Technical

Investigations of the Black Sea sprat intraspecific differentiation are the basis for the scientific substantiation of rational exploitation of its resource potential. This work is devoted to the study of spatial variability of length and age structure of sprat as specific population parameter reflecting its intraspecific differentiation. Our own data and materials of Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF) of the European Commission have been used. The first time long-term dynamics (2007–2012) and interannual variability of length and age structure of sprat in different geographical regions of the Black Sea (coastal waters of Bulgaria – Romania, Turkey and the Crimea) have been investigated. Differences of the long-term dynamics and interannual variability of length and age structure in these regions have been found. Sprat population from Bulgaria – Romania region is in better conditions (mean length 8.59 ± 0.01 cm; mean age 1.79  year), sprat population from Crimea region is in worse conditions (mean length 7.64 ± 0.01 cm; mean age 1.38 year). It has been shown that the main factor determining the interregional biological heterogeneity of sprat is the different fishery regulations. This fact disagrees with concept of united commercial sprat stock in the Black Sea.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Paul Huddie
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
North Western

The year 2014 marked the 160th anniversary of the beginning of the Crimean War, 1854–6. It was during that anniversary year that the names of Crimea, Sevastopol, Simferopol and the Black Sea re-entered the lexicon of Ireland, and so did the terms ‘Russian aggression’, ‘territorial violation’ and ‘weak neighbour’. Coincidentally, those same places and terms, and the sheer extent to which they perpetuated within Irish and even world media as well as popular parlance, had not been seen nor heard since 1854. It was in that year that the British and French Empires committed themselves to war in the wider Black Sea region and beyond against the Russian Empire. The latter had demonstrated clear aggression, initially diplomatic and later military, against its perceived-to-be-weak neighbour and long-term adversary in the region, the Ottoman Empire, or Turkey. As part of that aggression Russia invaded the latter’s vassal principalities in the north-western Balkans, namely Wallachia and Moldavia (part of modern-day Romania), collectively known as the Danubian Principalities. Russia had previously taken Crimea from the Ottomans in 1783....

Architecture of One-Apsidal Churches of North Black Sea Coast VI-XII c.

2018 ◽  
Vol 931 ◽  
pp. 790-796
Author(s):  
Viktoria V. Pishchulina
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
The One ◽  
Sea Coast

A one-apsidal hall church is always a reflection of so-called “vulgar” Christianity, thus revealing the important peculiarities of the spatial culture of the region where it is erected. In this region we can mark two periods when such temples were built: VI-VII c. and X-XII c. The first period is associated with the missionary activity by Byzantine Empire, Antioch, Caucasian Albania which was conditioned by both geopolitical interests (Byzantian Empire, Antioch) and the shift of The Great Silk Way to the north (Caucasian Albania). The second, as the research has shown, is connected with the migration of the peoples of Abkhazia, the abzakhs to this territory in the XII-XIII c. and the development of contacts with the Crimea. In the North Black Sea Region the one-apsidal hall church appears as early as in the VI c. – in the territory of Abkhazia we know about ten such temples. The temples of this type in the area of Big Sochi are dated back to the VII-VIII c. In the first Abhzaian temples we can reveal the influence of denominational centers – Byzantian Empire, Antioch, Caucasian Albania. In the temples of the Black Sea coast of both periods – introduction of the samples from Abkhazia.

scholarly journals The Huns in the Plains of Crimea

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Aibabin
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The State ◽  
State Farm ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Caucasus Mountains ◽  
Syrian Coast ◽  
Written Sources

The article reviews some evidence of written sources about the Huns in the Crimea and the Huns’ burials found in the plains of the Crimea. Many researchers of the Crimean history dated the invasion of the Huns in the Northern Black Sea region to the time of the reign of Emperor Valens (364–378) taking into account the information of only some narrative sources. However, there is no information about the Huns’ crossing through the Cimmerian Bosporus Strait and the attack on the Bosporus cities in the 370s in the written sources. According to Syrian and Greek sources, N.V. Pigulevskaya reasonably attributed Huns’ crossing through Meotida and the Caucasus Mountains to Mesopotamia and the Syrian coast to 395. This date is confirmed by the updated chronology of nomadic burials known in the Crimea and ceramics from Bosporan cities and settlements. Apparently, the Huns appeared on the peninsula after their settlement in the Northern Black Sea region at the end of the 4th – 5th centuries. Huns tombs on the hillside of Koklyuk, from the State Farm named after Kalinin, from Belyaus and on the necropolis of Ust-Alma are dated back to the first half of the 5th century by polychrome things. According to the funeral rite, the described Crimean graves of the first half of the 5th century are similar to the graves excavated under the kurgans with horse skin known in steppes of the Northern Black Sea region. I.P. Zasetskaya reasonably associated them with the Turks, who were part of the Hunnic tribal union. Nomad burials in Izobilnoe were attributed to the second half of the 5th century, in Marfovka – to the end of the 5th century, and in Chykarenko – to the first half of the 6th century. The graves of nomads of the first half of the 5th century belonged to the Akatziri, and the graves of the second half of the 5th century – first half of the 6th century belonged to Huns-Altziagiri.

scholarly journals THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE INTERCIVILIZATION DIALOGUE IN SOUTHERN UKRAINE. THOUGHTS ON THE NEW APPROACHES TO TURKISH HISTORIOGRAPHY

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Vodotyka S. ◽  
Robak I.
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
History Of ◽  
Primary Basis

The article is devoted to reviewing the book by the well-known Turkish historian İlber Ortaylı "Ottomans on Three Continents". The authors consistently analyze the main postulates of the work in the history of Ottoman possessions in the Crimea and the Northern Black Sea region, focusing on the role of the Ottoman Empire in the interaction of Black Sea civilizations in the late Middle Ages and early modern times.The authors prove that the history of the Ottoman Empire is essential for understanding the history of Ukraine. Ottoman influences significantly impacted the history of the Ukrainian people and other indigenous peoples of Ukraine – Crimean Tatars, Karaites and Krymchaks, Crimean Greeks.The authors agree with the thesis of the Turkish researcher about the significant and sometimes decisive influence of the Ottomans on the situation in the Black Sea region in the XV–XVIII centuries. Furthermore, the authors express their views on certain statements of the book. In particular, İlber Ortaylı proves that the Ottoman Empire was a "state of the Middle Eastern Islamic type". Its presence in the Black Sea resulted in the interaction of Islamic Mediterranean civilization with Eastern European Orthodoxy and Ukraine were at the centre of this interaction. However, the authors cannot agree with the historian's statement about the primary basis of the empire – the system of the state, especially military, slavery (devshirme). It allowed to creation of a vast empire, The Sublime or Ottoman Porte. However, slavery could not create social mechanisms of progress. The civilizational basis of the Ottoman Empire was its steppe, Turkic-steppe, essence.In the Ottoman Empire, Western modernization borrowings were superficial, served utilitarian-pragmatic purposes, and did not change the foundations of civilization. Such selectable reforms were the reason why the Omans lost their possessions in the Crimea and the Northern Black Sea region to the Russian Empire in the eighteenth century. Significantly, both empires claim the imperial, not civilizational, heritage of the Roman Empire. The intelligence emphasizes that these claims are not sufficiently substantiated.Key words: İlber Ortaylı, Ottoman Empire, heritage, history of Ukraine, Northern Black Sea Coast, Crimea. Стаття присвячена огляду-рецензії книги відомого турецького історика Ільбера Ортайли «Османи на трьох континентах». Автори послідовно проаналізували основні постулати праці в координатах історії османських володінь в Криму і Північному Причорномор’ї, приділивши головну увагу ролі Османської імперії у взаємодії цивілізацій Чорномор’я у періоди пізнього середньовіччя і раннього модерного часу.Доведено, що історія Османської імперії має важливе значення для розуміння історії України. Османські впливи відіграли значну роль в історії українського народу та інших корінних народів України – кримських татар, караїмів і кримчаків, кримських греків.Автори погоджуються з тезою турецького дослідника про значний, а часом визначальний, вплив Османів на ситуацію у Чорномор’ї у ХV–ХVІІІ ст. та висловлюють свої міркування щодо окремих положень праці. Зокрема, І. Ортайли кваліфіковано доводить, що Османська імперія була «державою близькосхідно-ісламського типу» і її присутність у Чорномор’ї мала наслідком взаємодію ісламської середземноморської цивілізації зі східноєвропейською православною, причому Україна знаходилась у центрі цієї взаємодії. Однак, не можна погодитись з твердженням історика щодо головної основи імперії – системи державного, передусім військового, рабства (девшірме). Вона дозволило створити величезну імперію, Сяючу Порту, але рабство не може створити суспільних механізмів поступу. Цивілізаційною основою Османської імперії стала її степова, тюрксько-степова, сутність. В Османській імперії західні модернізаційні запозичення були поверховими, служили утилітарно-прагматичним цілям і не змінювали цивілізаційних основ. Власне це і стало основною причиною того, що у ХVІІІ ст. Омани втратили свої володіння в Криму і Північному Причорномор’ї, які дістались Російській імперії. Показово, що обидві імперії висувають претензії на імперську, а не цивілізаційну, спадщину Римської імперії. У розвідці наголошується, що ці претензії не є достатньо обґрунтованими. Ключові слова: І. Ортайли, Османська імперія, спадщина, історія України, Північне Причорномор’я, Крим.

scholarly journals Этническая история Северо-Восточного Причерноморья и Крыма в IV–X веках

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Abramov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Taman Peninsula ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
History Of

Автор продолжает серию статей по этнической и конфессиональной истории Причерноморья. Крым и Таманский полуостров издревле для многих народов были олицетворением единения Европы и Азии. Именно отсюда началось приобщение народов Восточной Европы к христианству. Именно здесь в VIII-IX вв. разворачивалось острое противостояние между готами-христианами и хазарами-иудеями. Все эти процессы запечатлены в памятниках архитектуры и археологии, объектах историко-культурного наследия.The author continues a series of articles on the ethnic and confessional history of the Black Sea region. For centuries, the Crimea and the Taman Peninsula have represented for many peoples the unity of Europe and Asia. This is where the introduction of the peoples of Eastern Europe to Christianity began. This is where in the VIII-IX centuries a sharp confrontation between the Christian Goths and the Khazars-Jews took place. All the processes are reflected in monuments of architecture and archeology, objects of historical and cultural heritage.

scholarly journals Mantle earthquakes in the Crimea-Black Sea-Caucasus regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 60-79
Author(s):  
V. Burmin ◽  
O. Kendzera ◽  
L. Shumlianska ◽  
T. Amashukeli
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Deep Earthquakes ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Mantle Earthquakes

The question of the existence of foci of deep earthquakes in the region of the Crimea-Black Sea-Caucasus is extremely important from the point of view of the geodynamics of the region. Previously it was thought that only crustal earthquakes could occur in this region. Recently, results have been obtained that show that earthquakes with depths of at least 300 km occur in this region. The article discusses the question of how plausible these results are and why they were not obtained earlier. Seven specific examples of the ambiguous determination of the depth of earthquake hypocenters in the Crimea-Black Sea-Caucasus region are considered. These examples clearly show that determining the coordinates of earthquake hypocenters using algorithms based on the Geiger method does not allow one to uniquely determine the depth of the hypocenters. The article gives an idea of the authors about the origin of mantle earthquakes in the Caucasian and Crimean-Black Sea regions. For the Caucasus region, mantle earthquakes are associated with two reasons: submersion of the lithospheric layer; in the asthenospheric layer, represented in the seismotomographic sections by a low-velocity anomaly, the nature of earthquake foci is associated with fluids formed during phase transition reactions. In the Crimean-Black Sea region, earthquake foci are located in the lithosphere layer, and the sliding of the lithosphere along the less viscous underlying layer of the upper mantle causes tectonic movements in the lithosphere accompanied by earthquakes. In addition, to determine the coordinates of the hypocenters of the Crimean and Caucasian earthquakes during routine processing, hodographs were used for depths not exceeding 35 km for the Crimea and 50 km for the Caucasus and 150 for the North Caucasus. This circumstance is the main reason why deep earthquakes could not be detected.

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