scholarly journals Агробиологические, физиолого-биохимические и технологические особенности винограда сорта Рислинг рейнский в условиях изменяющегося климата юга России

2019 ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
Semionovich Valeriy ◽  
Yurievna Galina ◽  
Pavlovna Tatiana ◽  
Ivanovna Nataliya ◽  
Alexandrovna Mariya
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Аномальное проявление абиотических стрессоров умеренно континентального климата юга России сопровождается низкой конкурентоспособностью продукции виноградарства на потребительском рынке. В этих условиях актуальным является создание устойчивых ампелоценозов путем вовлечения сортов адаптивных к аномальным природным явлениям. Цель исследований - установление агробиологических и физиолого-биохимических особенностей винограда сорта Рислинг рейнский для создания адаптивной сорториентированной технологии его устойчивого возделывания в стрессовых экологических условиях. В Черноморской зоне виноградарства (г. Анапа), распускание почек отмечалось 22 апреля при температуре воздуха 12,6°С. Наиболее активный рост побегов отмечали в первой половине июня, 2,61 см/сут. Наибольшая скорость роста побегов наблюдалась при температуре 23°С. Максимальная скорость роста была в зоне 4-9 междоузлий. Наибольшая длина побегов, 155 см, зафиксирована на участке с шириной междурядий 3 м. Самые крупные листья, до 140 см, были в зоне наиболее активного роста побегов, на 4-6 узлах. Ростовые процессы листьев и плодоношение винограда находилось в тесной зависимости от плотности и схемы размещения кустов в насаждениях. В активной зоне побегов формировались наиболее крупные грозди. Наибольшая урожайность винограда была в среднеплотных насаждениях при размещении кустов по схеме 3,0 х 1,0 и 3,0 х 1,5 м - 12 т/га. Дифференцированный отклик сорта на природные и антропогенные факторы согласуется с результатами физиолого-биохимических показателей фотосинтеза, коэффициента эффективности первичных процессов фотосинтеза, соотношения хлорофиллы/каратиноиды и содержания крахмала в листьях винограда. При повышенной инсоляции и остром дефиците атмосферных осадков, отмечалась общая тенденция снижения содержания хлорофиллов в листьях винограда. Максимальные значения этого показателя наблюдались в первой половине июня. В динамике во всех вариантах опыта наблюдалось увеличение крахмала в листьях винограда до середины июля. В дальнейшем количество крахмала постепенно снижалось. Применение сорт-ориентированной технологии со средней плотностью размещения кустов 2222 шт./га по схеме 3,0 х 1,5 м, обрезка побегов на 10 глазков, нагрузка побегами 23 шт./куст и гроздями 53 шт./куст обеспечивали наибольший уровень реализации фотосинтетического и продукционного потенциалов винограда. Урожайность в таких насаждениях была наибольшей и составляла в среднем 12 т/га.The abnormal manifestation of abiotic stressors of the moderately continental climate of the South of Russia is accompanied by low competitiveness of the viticultural products on the consumer market. In this context, establishment of sustainable ampelocenoses through the involvement of cultivars adaptive to abnormal natural phenomena is of interest at this time. The aim of the study was to establish agro-biological, physiological and biochemical peculiarities of ‘Riesling of the Rhine’ grapevine in order to create an adaptive variety oriented technology for its sustainable cultivation under stressful environmental conditions. The bud break in the Black sea viticultural zone (Anapa) was observed on April 22 with air temperature at 12.6 °C. The most active shoot growth was noted in the first half of June, 2.61 cm/day. The most intensive shoot growth was observed at a temperature of 23 °C. The maximum growth rate was in the zone of 4 - 9 internodes. The greatest shoot length, 155 cm, was observed at the plot with the row width of 3 m. The largest leaves, up to 140 cm, were observed in the area of most active shoot growth between the 4 - 6 nodes. The leaf growth processes and grapevine fertility depended closely on vine spacing and bush placement scheme. The largest bunches developed in the active shoot zone. The highest yield was obtained in the medium-density vineyards with the bush planting scheme of 3.0х1.0 and 3.0х1.5 m, where the harvest made 12 t/ha. The differentiated response of a cultivar to natural and anthropogenic factors was consistent with the results of the physiological and biochemical parameters of photosynthesis, the efficiency coefficient of the photosynthesis primary processes, the ratio between chlorophylls and carotenoids and starch content in the leaves of grapes. High insolation combined with acute deficit of atmospheric precipitation resulted in the general reduction of the chlorophyll content in the leaves of grapevines. These indicator maximum values were observed in the first half of June. During all the trial variants there was an increase in the starch content in the leaves of grapevines that lasted until mid-July. Subsequently, the starch content gradually decreased. Application of variety-oriented technology with an average vine spacing 2222 pcs./ha, planting pattern 3.0х1.5 m, shoot pruning at 10 eyes, shoot load of 23 pcs./bush and clusters 53 pcs./bush ensured the highest release of grapevine photosynthetic and production potential. Such vineyards produced the highest yields, which on average made 12 t/ha.

Shoot and leaf growth in Fraxinuspennsylvanica and its relation to crown location and pruning

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1997-2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.R. Remphrey ◽  
C.G. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Growth Duration

Elongation of shoots in various crown locations, and of individual internodes and leaves of the leading shoot, were recorded at 2-day intervals throughout the 1991 growing season in four clones of Fraxinuspennsylvanica var. subintegerrima (Vahl) Fern. (green ash). Other trees were disbudded and pruned to a single leader. Using a logistic growth function, nonlinear regression equations were generated and parameter estimates were used to determine maximum growth rates. Terminal leading shoots had a longer growth duration and a greater maximum growth rate than lateral shoots. The pruning treatment resulted in larger shoots, which grew 2–3 weeks longer and had a higher maximum growth rate. Leaf emergence occurred at regular intervals but the rate of emergence varied among clones. Leaf maximum growth rates were not significantly different among clones. Leaf size declined acropetally whereas internode length increased and then decreased. The longest leaves and internodes had the highest maximum growth rates. The size and maximum growth rates of putative preformed leaves were larger than putative neoformed leaves. As a shoot expanded, growth of one internode tended to cease during the linear phase of growth of its associated leaf and that of the succeeding internode.

scholarly journals The diel rhythm of leaf growth and cell proliferation in capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-455
Author(s):  
O. O. Kolomiets ◽  
S. V. Gloushen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Dna Cytometry ◽  
Computer Aided

Relationship between the diel leaf growth of capsicum and proliferative activity of cells has been investigated using a computer-aided image analysis. It has been established the leaf growth pattern observed in this species allows to refer it to the second type of growth of dicotyledons, which is characterized by the maximum growth rate in the evening or at the beginning of the night. A DNA cytometry study of leaf cells shows that their proliferative activity is also higher at night than during the day. This suggests that the diel rhythm of capsicum leaf growth is due to the synchronization of cell cycle with a lighting.

scholarly journals Simulating the effect of flowering time on maize individual leaf area in contrasting environmental scenarios

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (18) ◽  
pp. 5577-5588
Author(s):  
Sebastien Lacube ◽  
Loïc Manceau ◽  
Claude Welcker ◽  
Emilie J Millet ◽  
Brigitte Gouesnard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

Abstract The quality of yield prediction is linked to that of leaf area. We first analysed the consequences of flowering time and environmental conditions on the area of individual leaves in 127 genotypes presenting contrasting flowering times in fields of Europe, Mexico, and Kenya. Flowering time was the strongest determinant of leaf area. Combined with a detailed field experiment, this experiment showed a large effect of flowering time on the final leaf number and on the distribution of leaf growth rate and growth duration along leaf ranks, in terms of both length and width. Equations with a limited number of genetic parameters predicted the beginning, end, and maximum growth rate (length and width) for each leaf rank. The genotype-specific environmental effects were analysed with datasets in phenotyping platforms that assessed the effects (i) of the amount of intercepted light on leaf width, and (ii) of temperature, evaporative demand, and soil water potential on leaf elongation rate. The resulting model was successfully tested for 31 hybrids in 15 European and Mexican fields. It potentially allows prediction of the vertical distribution of leaf area of a large number of genotypes in contrasting field conditions, based on phenomics and on sensor networks.

scholarly journals Optimizing of Microalgae Scenedesmus sp. Biomass Production in Wet Market Wastewater Using Response Surface Methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2216
Author(s):  
Najeeha Mohd Apandi ◽  
Mimi Suliza Muhamad ◽  
Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed ◽  
Norshuhaila Mohamed Sunar ◽  
Adel Al-Gheethi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Wet Market ◽  
Central Composite

The present study aimed to optimize the production of Scenedesmus sp. biomass during the phycoremediation process. The biomass productivity was optimized using face centred central composite design (FCCCD) in response surface methodology (RSM) as a function of two independent variables that included wet market wastewater concentrations (A) with a range of 10% to 75% and aeration rate (B) with a range of 0.02 to 4.0 L/min. The results revealed that the highest biomass productivity (73 mg/L/d) and maximum growth rate (1.19 day−1) was achieved with the 64.26% of (A) and 3.08 L/min of (B). The GC-MS composition analysis of the biomass yield extract revealed that the major compounds are hexadecane (25%), glaucine (16.2%), and phytol (8.33%). The presence of these compounds suggests that WMW has the potential to be used as a production medium for Scenedesmus sp. Biomass, which has several applications in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry.

A note on growth curves of rabbit lines selected on growth rate or litter size

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Blasco ◽  
E. Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Adult Weight ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Using Data

Two synthetic lines of rabbits were used in the experiment. Line V, selected on litter size, and line R, selected on growth rate. Ninety-six animals were randomly collected from 48 litters, taking a male and a female each time. Richards and Gompertz growth curves were fitted. Sexual dimorphism appeared in the line V but not in the R. Values for b and k were similar in all curves. Maximum growth rate took place in weeks 7 to 8. A break due to weaning could be observed in weeks 4 to 5. Although there is a remarkable similarity of the values of all the parameters using data from the first 20 weeks only, the higher standard errors on adult weight would make 30 weeks the preferable time to take data for live-weight growth curves.

Reassessment of Maximum Growth Rates for C3 and C4 Crops

1978 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Monteith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Close Inspection ◽  
Similar Difference ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiencies

SUMMARYFigures for maximum crop growth rates, reviewed by Gifford (1974), suggest that the productivity of C3 and C4 species is almost indistinguishable. However, close inspection of these figures at source and correspondence with several authors revealed a number of errors. When all unreliable figures were discarded, the maximum growth rate for C3 stands fell in the range 34–39 g m−2 d−1 compared with 50–54 g m−2 d−1 for C4 stands. Maximum growth rates averaged over the whole growing season showed a similar difference: 13 g m−2 d−1 for C3 and 22 g m−2 d−1 for C4. These figures correspond to photosynthetic efficiencies of approximately 1·4 and 2·0%.

Vortex evolution in a round jet

1968 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Becker ◽  
T. A. Massaro
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Ring Vortex ◽  
Acoustic Excitation ◽  
Light Scatter ◽  
Turbulent Eddies ◽  
Cylindrical Vortex ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Axisymmetrical Jet

A study has been made of the varicose instability of an axisymmetrical jet with a velocity distribution radially uniform at the nozzle mouth except for a laminar boundary layer at the wall. The evolutionary phenomena of instability, such as the rolling up of the cylindrical vortex layer into ring vortices, the coalescence of ring vortex pairs, and the eventual disintegration into turbulent eddies, have been investigated as a function of the Reynolds number using smoke photography, stroboscopic observation, and the light-scatter technique.Emphasis has been placed on the wavelength with maximum growth rate. The jet is highly sensitive to sound and the effects of several types of acoustic excitation, including pure tones, have been determined.

Plasma instabilities driven by pickup ions of ring-beam velocity distributions in the outer heliosheath 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameneh Mousavi ◽  
Kaijun Liu ◽  
Sina Sadeghzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Injection Velocity ◽  
Plasma Instabilities ◽  
Pickup Ions ◽  
Beam Velocity ◽  
Background Magnetic Field ◽  
Hybrid Simulations

<p><span>The stability of the pickup ions in the outer heliosheath has been studied by many researchers because of its relevance to the energetic neutral atom (ENA) ribbon observed by the Interstellar Boundary EXplorer. However, previous studies are primarily limited to pickup ions of near </span><span>90° </span><span>pickup angles, the angle between the pickup ion injection velocity and the background, local interstellar magnetic field. Investigations on pickup ions of smaller pickup angles are still lacking. In this paper, linear kinetic dispersion analysis and hybrid simulations are carried out to examine the plasma instabilities driven by pickup ions of ring-beam velocity distributions at various pickup angles between zero and </span><span>90°</span><span>. </span><span>Parallel propagating waves are studied in the parameter regime where the parallel thermal spread of the pickup ions falls into the Alfvén cyclotron stability gap. </span><span>The linear analysis results and hybrid simulations both show that the fastest growing modes are the right-hand helicity waves propagating in the direction of the background magnetic field, and the maximum growth rate occurs at the pickup angle of </span><span>82°</span><span>. The simulation results further reveal that the saturation level of the fluctuating magnetic fields for pickup angles below </span><span>45° </span><span>is higher than that for pickup angles above </span><span>45°</span><span>. So, the scattering of pickup ions at near zero pickup angles is likely more pronounced than that at near </span><span>90° </span><span>pickup angles</span> .</p>

Study on some of the physiological and biochemical indexes under the age of development of banana fruit (Musa paradisiaca L.) grown in Thanh Tri, Hanoi

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Trong Le Van ◽  
Khanh Nguyen Nhu
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Fruit Formation ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Research to determine the ripening time of the fruit is the scientific basis for better harvesting and preservation. Physiological and biochemical methods were used to analyze the changes of some indicators according to the growth and development of banana fruit grown in Thanh Liet commune, Thanh Tri district, Hanoi from the time of its formation until the fruit ripening. The results showed that the banana reached the maximum size at 16 weeks old, at this time the peel was yellow due to the decrease in chlorophyll and increased carotenoid content. The content of vitamin C and total organic acid content reached their maximum when the fruit at 12 weeks old, then decreased gradually. Starch content increased to 14 weeks old, then decreased. Reduced sugar content increased gradually to 16 weeks old and then decreased. Protein content decreased gradually from fruit formation until fruit ripening, lipid content increased gradually to 15 weeks old, then decreased. Through the research process, we have determined that the physiological ripe time of banana fruit was 16 weeks old, this is the time when the fruit stops growing and accumulates many nutrients.

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