scholarly journals Исследование аллельного разнообразия VvMybA1 клоновых популяций распространенных винных сортов

2019 ◽  
pp. 294-298
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Milovanov ◽  
Elena Ilnitskaia ◽  
Andrei Zviagin ◽  
Vitalii Radchenko ◽  
Andrei Koshchaev ◽  
...  

Изучение агробиологических свойств сортов в привязке к их генетике имеет важное значение как для прикладных, так и для фундаментальных исследований. Одним из наиболее ярко выраженных признаков у виноградного растения является наличие или отсутствие антоциановой окраски ягод, которая, в свою очередь, контролируется кластером генов MYB, расположенных во второй хромосоме кариотипа. Особенный интерес для научного сообщества представляют клоны сортов, являющихся референсными при сравнении для изучения генетического разнообразия рода Vitaceae . Таким образом, в статье представлены результаты изучения строения аллелей гена VvMybA1 у 32 клонов известных распространенных сортов винограда: Мерло, Каберне-Совиньон, Рислинг, Алиготе, Пино белый и Совиньон блан. В результате, у всех клонов были выявлены аллели гена VvMybA1, характерные для окрашенных и неокрашенных сортов. Это же подтверждается результатом сравнения секвенированных последовательностей с базой данных NCBI, при помощи сервиса NCBI BLAST. Для всех клонов неокрашенных сортов было установлено наличие аллели с ретротранспозонной вставкой, блокирующей нормальную экспрессию гена и, следовательно, детерминирующего отсутствие антоцианинов в ягодах. Также были обнаружены одно- и динуклеотидные замены, являющиеся общими для групп и некоторых отдельных клонов и в целом характерные для белоягодных и красноягодных сортов. Помимо этого, были выявлены мутационные различия, характерные для конкретных клонов, которые, в свою очередь, выражены в двоении нуклеотидных пиков при секвенировании и объясняются гетерогенностью изученных генотипов, то есть их происхождением. Таким образом, при изучении клонов шести сортов было подтверждено наличие в них характерных аллелей, выявлены уникальные для окрашенных и неокрашенных сортов изменения, а также созданы референсные последовательности генов сортов, содержащихся на ампелографическом участке Анапской зональной опытной станции, которые могут использоваться в дальнейшей работе по изучению данного признака.Research into agrobiological characteristics of grape varieties in connection with their genetics is important both for applied and fundametal studies.The presence or absence of anthocyanin color of the berries is one of the best expressed traits of grape plant. This trait is controled by the cluster of MYB genes located in the second chromosome of the caryotype. Some grape varieties serve as references in comparative studies aimed to investigate the Vitaceae genetic diversity, and clones of such varieties are of special interest. The paper reports findings regarding the structure of alleles of VvMybA1 gene in 32 clones of popular grape varieties: ‘Merlot’, ‘Aligoté’, ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, ‘Pinot blanc’, ‘Riesling’ and ‘Sauvignon blanc’. Alleles of VvMybA1 gene that are typical of varieties with colored or noncolored berries were detected in all study clones, and this was confirmed by comparing the sequenated sequences to the NCBI database with the aid of the NCBI BLAST service. It was established that all study clones of varieties with noncolored berries had an allele with a retrotransposon insertion blocking normal expression of the gene which, therefore, determines the absence of anthocyanins in the berries. One- and di-nucleotide replacements common to groups of the study clones and to some individual study clones were also detected. These replacements are, on the whole, typical of white-and red-berried grape vartieties. In addition, mutation-related differences typical of definite clones were revealed. These differences manifest themselves by double nucleotide peaks in sequencing and can be ascribed to heterogeneity of the study genotypes, i. e. their origin. Thus, the presence of typical alleles in the study clones of six grape varieties was confirmed, changes unique to varieties with colored and noncolored berries were revealed, and reference sequences of genes maintained in the collection plot of the Anapa Zonal Experiment Station were developed, for further research into the trait of interest.

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1127-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Vieira da Mota ◽  
Camila Pinheiro Carvalho Silva ◽  
Ana Carolina Favero ◽  
Eduardo Purgatto ◽  
Tânia Misuzu Shiga ◽  
...  

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de maturação das cultivares Pinot Noir, Tempranillo, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Chardonnay e Sauvignon Blanc submetidas ao regime de dupla poda, em Cordislândia, região cafeeira do sul de Minas Gerais. As plantas foram submetidas a dois ciclos de produção, um de primavera-verão, compreendido entre agosto e janeiro, e outro ciclo de outono-inverno, entre janeiro e julho. Como parâmetros de qualidade, foram avaliados os diâmetros transversal e longitudinal da baga, acidez, ácidos tartárico e málico, pH, sólidos solúveis, antocianinas, fenólicos totais e os teores de glicose, frutose e sacarose. Todas as variedades apresentaram maiores teores de pH, sólidos solúveis, açúcares, antocianinas e fenólicos totais, e redução nos diâmetros transversal e longitudinal na safra de inverno. A cultivar Syrah destacou-se das demais no conteúdo de antocianinas e fenólicos totais tanto no verão quanto no inverno, entretanto apresentou o menor conteúdo de açúcares. A alteração do ciclo de produção da videira através da técnica da dupla poda para colheita, no período de inverno, na região cafeeira de Minas Gerais, favorece a maturação dos frutos e melhora consideravelmente a qualidade das uvas para vinificação.


2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1172-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Miele ◽  
Luiz Antenor Rizzon

The purpose of this paper was to establish the sensory characteristics of wines made from old and newly introduced red grape varieties. To attain this objective, 16 Brazilian red varietal wines were evaluated by a sensory panel of enologists who assessed wines according to their aroma and flavor descriptors. A 90 mm unstructured scale was used to quantify the intensity of 26 descriptors, which were analyzed by means of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The PCA showed that three important components represented 74.11% of the total variation. PC 1 discriminated Tempranillo, Marselan and Ruby Cabernet wines, with Tempranillo being characterized by its equilibrium, quality, harmony, persistence and body, as well as by, fruity, spicy and oaky characters. The other two varietals were defined by vegetal, oaky and salty characteristics; PC 2 discriminated Pinot Noir, Sangiovese, Cabernet Sauvignon and Arinarnoa, where Pinot Noir was characterized by its floral flavor; PC 3 discriminated only Malbec, which had weak, floral and fruity characteristics. The other varietal wines did not show important discriminating effects.


Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa ◽  
Irina Díaz-Galvéz ◽  
Nicolás Verdugo-Vásquez ◽  
Yerko Moreno-Simunovic

A trial was conducted during the 2005–2006 season in order to determine the effects of different leaf-to-fruit ratios on yield components and fruit composition in four Vitis vinifera L. cultivars. The treatments consisted of selecting shoots of four lengths (>1.3 m, 1.3–0.8 m, 0.8–0.4 m, and <0.4 m) with two crop levels (1–2 clusters/shoot), which allowed defining eight ratios. Berry composition and yield components were measured. The treatments affected the accumulation of soluble solids in “Sauvignon blanc”, “Cabernet Sauvignon”, and “Syrah”, delaying it as the ratio decreased. All yield components were affected in “Sauvignon blanc”, while bunch weight and the number of berries per bunch were altered without a clear trend. None of the yield components were affected in “Cabernet Sauvignon”, while the lowest ratio presented the lowest number of berries per bunch in “Syrah”. Total polyphenol index (TPI) was affected in “Carmenère” without a clear trend. A highly significant correlation was found between shoot length and leaf area in all studied cultivars. As the ratio increased, the shoot lignification increased in “Sauvignon blanc”. However, studies must be conducted during more seasons to establish better conclusions about the effects of leaf-to-fruit ratios on yield and fruit composition.


2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Miele ◽  
Luiz Antenor Rizzon

Abstract The interaction among rootstock, scion and environment may induce different responses to the grapevine physiology and consequently to the grape and wine composition. The vineyards of Serra Gaúcha, Brazil, are established in soils that may have different physicochemical attributes. Furthermore, the grapevines are grafted on a wide diversity of rootstocks. Therefore, this study aimed to determine their effect on the wine composition of the Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) grafted on Rupestris du Lot, 101-14 Mgt, 3309 C, 420A Mgt, 5BB K, 161-49 C, SO4, Solferino, 1103 P, 99 R, 110 R, Gravesac, Fercal, Dogridge and Isabel, featuring some genetic diversity altogether. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with 15 treatments, three replicates and 10 vines per plot. The grapes were harvested at maturity for three years, and then wines were made in glass recipients of 20 L. When alcoholic and malolactic fermentations were over, the wine analyses were performed on twenty-five variables related to alcohol, acidity, dry extract, polyphenols and volatile compounds. The main results show that all variables were affected year by year, some of them by the rootstock and a few by the interaction between rootstock and year. The rootstock effect was observed mainly on variables related to alcohol, acidity and ashes. Results show that the CS/101-14 Mgt wine had higher alcohol content than CS/Dogridge and CS/Isabel wines, which was probably due to the 101-14 Mgt rootstock favoring an early grape ripening. However, higher pH values were observed in the CS/Rupestris du Lot, CS/5BB K and CS/Gravesac than CS/420A Mgt, CS/110 R and CS/Isabel wines. These results show that there is a diversity of rootstocks that can be used by the growers due to the Cabernet Sauvignon wine composition similarities.


2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1309-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Dimitrovska ◽  
Elena Tomovska ◽  
Mirjana Bocevska

Wines of three different grape varieties, Vranec, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot were examined for their characterisation in terms of anthocyanin and chromatic profiles, total polyphenols and antioxidant potential. Total, monomeric, polymeric and copigmented anthocyanins were determined by spectrophotometry and the individual anthocyanin compounds were quantified using HPLC-DAD. Chromatic profile was evaluated according to colour density, hue, % red, % blue, % yellow and brilliance (% dA). The established data were submitted to analysis of variance and principle component analysis in order to evaluate their potential for differentiation of wines according to variety and vintage. Vranec wines have shown distinctive characteristics, with the highest content of anthocyanins and values of colour intensity, % red and % dA, compared to the other two studied varieties. The content of petunidin-3-glucoside, peonindin-3-glucoside and anthocyanin acetates were established as possible markers for differentiation of Vranec wines from Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot wines. However, none of the assayed parameters could be used for differentiation of Cabernet Sauvignon from Merlot wines. It was observed that wine age limits successful classification of the wines by variety according to anthocyanins. The chromatic parameters allowed distinguishing of young (aged up to 1 year) from old Vranec wines.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e32507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorit Schuller ◽  
Filipa Cardoso ◽  
Susana Sousa ◽  
Paula Gomes ◽  
Ana C. Gomes ◽  
...  

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kerridge ◽  
Angela Gackle

Riesling, Chardonnay, Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes can make magnificent wines but there are also many other excellent wine varieties that for many of us are rarely experienced. Vines for Wines will expand the wine lover’s knowledge and appreciation of a great range of wines and help to explore their individual preferences for specific varieties, blends, flavours and styles. This book is based on the highly successful Wine Grape Varieties, which is an aid to identifying grape vines. Vines for Wines, however, focuses on wines from the average consumer’s point-of-view, introducing the different wine grape varieties and the wines made from them, including blends. Each variety is represented by a colour photograph of the grape variety, its current world plantings, wine produced and notes describing the varietal characters for each wine grape variety. The tasting terms and wine notes for each variety provide a benchmark for the consumer to assess the quality of wines they drink, and to allow them to share and compare their experiences confidently with other wine lovers.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen H. Y. Wong ◽  
Walfred Ma ◽  
Chun-Yu Wei ◽  
Erh-Chan Yeh ◽  
Wan-Jia Lin ◽  
...  

Abstract The current human reference genome is predominantly derived from a single individual and it does not adequately reflect human genetic diversity. Here, we analyze 338 high-quality human assemblies of genetically divergent human populations to identify missing sequences in the human reference genome with breakpoint resolution. We identify 127,727 recurrent non-reference unique insertions spanning 18,048,877 bp, some of which disrupt exons and known regulatory elements. To improve genome annotations, we linearly integrate these sequences into the chromosomal assemblies and construct a Human Diversity Reference. Leveraging this reference, an average of 402,573 previously unmapped reads can be recovered for a given genome sequenced to ~40X coverage. Transcriptomic diversity among these non-reference sequences can also be directly assessed. We successfully map tens of thousands of previously discarded RNA-Seq reads to this reference and identify transcription evidence in 4781 gene loci, underlining the importance of these non-reference sequences in functional genomics. Our extensive datasets are important advances toward a comprehensive reference representation of global human genetic diversity.


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