scholarly journals Крымский бисер – новый бессемянный сорт винограда селекции Института «Магарач»

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Likhovskoi ◽  
V.A. Volynkin ◽  
I.A. Vasylyk ◽  
A.A. Polulyakh ◽  
S.V. Levchenko
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Training Technique ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Production Period

Селекционерами Института Магарач в результате целенаправленной селекции создан новый бессемянный сорт винограда столового направления использования, отличающийся от сорта-эталона Кишмиш лучистый очень ранним сроком созревания, высокой продуктивностью, относительно высокой устойчивостью к биотическим и абиотическим стресс-факторам биосферы, нарядной гроздью и ягодой, и высоким качеством столового винограда. Элитная форма, оформленная как новый сорт винограда, выделена из популяции сеянцев комбинации скрещивания Подарок Запорожью (колх.) х Русбол улучшенный (колх.) 2009 г. при комплексном изучении популяций столовых форм винограда очень раннего срока созревания. В статье представлены основные ампелографические и биолого-хозяйственные параметры, которыми характеризуется новый перспективный сорт: очень ранний срок созревания (5 августа), продукционный период 110 дней. В результате экспериментальных лабораторных исследований по определению морозоустойчивости сортов и элитных форм винограда установлена средняя морозоустойчивость сорта Крымский бисер (до минус 21 С). Рекомендуемая форма куста кордон на среднем штамбе. Нагрузка 6 глазков на рожке (4 рожка). Схема посадки 3 х 1,5 м. Профилактические обработки против грибных болезней 34 раза в сезон. Возделывание сорта Крымский бисер в производственных насаждениях Южного берега Крыма позволит получать чистую прибыль с 1 га насаждений 1896.0 тыс. руб. ежегодно.As a result of targeted selection, plant selection breeders of the Institute Magarach created a new seedless cultivar of table grapes distinguished from the standard cultivar Kishmish luchistyi by a very early ripening date, high productivity, relatively high resistance to biotic and abiotic stress-factors of the biosphere, elegant bunch and berry, and high quality of table grapes. The elite form formally established as a new grape cultivar has been singled out from the seedlings population Podarok Zhaporozhyu (colchicine treated) x Rusbol ulutshennyi (colchicine treated) as a result of a cross performed in 2009 under a complex study of a population of table grape forms of a very early ripening date. The article summarizes the main ampelographic, biological and commercial parameters characteristic of the new promising cultivar: very early ripening date (5th of August), production period 110 days. Laboratory research on frost-resistance of cultivars and elite grapevine forms established average frost resistance of Krymski biser cultivar (up to -21 degrees Celsius). The recommended bush training technique is a medium trunk cordon. The load of 6 eyes on cane (4 canes on bush). The planting scheme is 3x1.5 m. Prophylactic treatment against fungal diseases 34 times per year. Cultivation of Krymski biser cultivar in commercial vineyards of the southern coast of Crimea will allow obtaining a yearly net profit of 1896.0 thousand roubles from 1 ha of plantations.

Weather conditions monitoring and cherry (Cerasus vulgaris L.) elite forms productivity in the Ukraine’s Western Lisosteppe

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
D.G. Makarova ◽  
◽  
V.I. Vasylenko ◽  
N.V. Moiseichenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Mass Flowering ◽  
Early Exit ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
The Right ◽  
Considerable Loss

Cherry is rather sensitive to the temperature and water regime violation that reflects itself primarily on the fruits quantity and quality. The weather conditions in the Right Bank subzone of the Ukraine’s Western Lisosteppe are characterized with the general air temperature increase, less expressed frosty periods during hibernation, shortening of the winter and spring seasons, greater summer duration. The enumerated conditions result in the early exit of the plants from the dormancy state with the considerable loss of the abilities of the acclimation to potential frosts in the springtime period. Due to this the decision was taken to carry out the monitoring researches of the winter and spring periods of 2018-2020 in order to obtain the operative information about the cherry orchards state. This enables to predict the potential of the investigated plants business productivity in the real time. As a result of analyzing the abiotic stress-factors influence on the crop the following unfavourable factors were noted, above all: heavy winds at the beginning and during the mass flowering, violation of the water and temperature regime in the impregnation and infructescense periods. Those factors cause the harvest decrease. However, the formation of the plants high productivity depends in full on their adaptivity to the environmental conditions. Therefore among the 7 explored hybrids the generative buds of 1/20, 1/21 and 2/60 were affected essentially in the form of the little drying of the pistils stigmas, decrease of the pollen qualitative indices and fertility. That indicates the lower trees adaptivity to the abiotic stress-factors as compared to the control cultivar Podbielska. The forms 2/39 and 2/54 distinguish themselves for the high winter-hardiness. This is connected with the high environment adaptivity and characterizes them as early-ripening large-fruited and productive hybrids.

scholarly journals Distribution of Wild and Cultivated Grapes in Turkey

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim H UZUN ◽  
Arzu BAYIR
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Wild Grape ◽  
Wild Grapevine ◽  
Main Gene ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Turkey is one of main gene centers in the world for grapes. It is believed that cultivated grapes have their origins in Turkey and the surrounding countries. Vitis vinifera ssp sylvestris is the only wild grape species in this region. That is why Turkey has a very large amount of wild grapevine populations and grape cultivars which offer to grapevine breeders a valuable gene pool. Wild grapevines have significant characters for inducing the resistence to biotic and abiotic stress factors, such as resistance to lime, drought, pests and diseases. Turkey has over 1.600 local grape cultivars, among which the majority of them are conserved at the national grape collection vineyard in Tekirda?. They are mostly used as table grapes, dried grapes or for local consumptions. Wild grapes are distributed all over the country territory, mainly in the river basins and forests. Wild grape collection vineyards were established at some universities in Turkey. These grapevines will be screened for the resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors.

scholarly journals New wine grape variety ‘Nika’ selected in the Institute Magarach

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Владимир Владимирович Лиховской ◽  
Владимир Александрович Волынкин ◽  
Наталия Леонидовна Студенникова ◽  
Зинаида Викторовна Котоловець ◽  
Николай Петрович Олейников ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Grape Variety ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Production Period ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Селекционерами Института «Магарач» создан новый сорт винограда технического направления использования с окрашенной ягодой и антоциановой окраской мякоти, отличающийся от сорта-эталона Антей магарачский высокой продуктивностью, окрашенным соком, устойчивостью к биотическим и абиотическим стресс-факторам биосферы. Элитная форма, оформленная как новый сорт винограда, выделена из популяции сеянцев комбинации скрещивания Цитронный Магарача × Неркарат 1996 г. при комплексном изучении популяций технических форм винограда с окрашенным соком. В статье представлены основные ампелографические и биолого-хозяйственные параметры, которыми характеризуется новый перспективный сорт: средне-поздний срок созревания (10.09), продукционный период - 151 день. Рекомендуемая форма куста - кордон на среднем штамбе. Нагрузка - 6 глазков на рожке (4 рожка). Схема посадки - 3 х 1,5 м. Профилактические обработки против болезней грибной этиологии - 3-4 раза в сезон. Содержание в ягодах при технологической зрелости сахаров - 22,4 г/100см, титруемых кислот - 8,7 г/дм. Массовая концентрация общих фенольных веществ - 367,0 г/дм. Урожай рекомендуется использовать для приготовления сухих и десертных вин. Дегустационная оценка молодых виноматериалов: сухих - 7,75 балла, десертных - 7,82 (по 8-балльной шкале). Selection breeders of the Institute Magarach have created a new wine grape variety with a colored berry and anthocyane pulp color, different from the example variety ‘Antei magarachskiy’ in high yielding capacity, colored juice, resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors of biosphere. The quality form, isolated as a new grape variety, was separated from the population of seedlings of a crossing combination ‘Tsitronnyi Magaracha’ × ‘Nerkarat’ in 1996 during comprehensive study of populations of wine forms of grapes with colored juice. The article presents main ampelographic, biological and economical parameters peculiar for new promising variety: medium-late ripening date (10.09), production period - 151 days. The recommended form of bush is a cordon on a medium trunk. Loading is 6 eyes on a cane (4 canes). Planting scheme is 3 x 1.5 m. Preventive treatment against fungal diseases is provided 3-4 times a season. The content of sugars in technologically mature berries is 22.4 g / 100 cm3, of titratable acids - 8.7 g / dm3. Mass concentration of phenolic substances in total is 367.0 g / dm3. The crop yield is recommended for dry and liqueur wine production. Tasting assessment of young base wines: dry - 7.75 points, liqueur - 7.82 (according to 8-point scale).

scholarly journals New wine grape variety ‘Stella’ selected in the Institute Magarach

2020 ◽  
pp. 294-297
Author(s):  
Владимир Владимирович Лиховской ◽  
Владимир Александрович Волынкин ◽  
Наталия Леонидовна Студенникова ◽  
Светлана Валентиновна Левченко ◽  
Зинаида Викторовна Котоловець ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
White Wine ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Grape Variety ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors

Селекционерами Института «Магарач» создан новый белоягодный сорт винограда технического направления использования, отличающийся от сорта-эталона Цитронный Магарача средним сроком созревания, высокой продуктивностью, ярко выраженными мускатными тонами во вкусе, устойчивостью к биотическим и абиотическим стресс-факторам биосферы. Элитная форма, оформленная как новый сорт винограда, выделена из популяции сеянцев комбинации скрещивания Цитронный Магарача × Спартанец Магарача 1996 г. при комплексном изучении популяций технических форм винограда с мускатным ароматом во вкусе. В статье представлены основные ампелографические и биолого-хозяйственные параметры, которыми характеризуется новый перспективный сорт: средний срок созревания (3 сентября), продукционный период - 137 дней. Рекомендуемая форма куста - кордон на среднем штамбе. Нагрузка 6 глазков на рожке (4 рожка). Схема посадки - 3 х 1,5 м. Профилактические обработки против грибных болезней - 3-4 раза в сезон. Содержание сахаров при технологической зрелости ягод - 22,4 г/100см3, титруемых кислот - 8,7 г/дм3. Массовая концентрация терпеновых спиртов - 6,81 мг/дм3, при этом концентрация свободных терпенов, обуславливающих первичный аромат, составляет 2,03 мг/дм3, связанных терпенов - 4,78 мг/дм3. Массовая концентрация общих фенольных веществ - 167 мг/дм3. Урожай рекомендуется использовать для приготовления сухих и ликерных вин. Дегустационная оценка молодых виноматериалов: сухих - 7,75 балла, ликёрных - 7,82 (по 8-балльной шкале). Selection breeders of the Institute Magarach created a new white wine grape variety, different from the example variety ‘Tsitronnyi Magaracha’ in its medium ripening period, high productivity, strong muscat tones in flavor, resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors of biosphere. The quality form, isolated as a new grape variety, was separated from the population of seedlings of a crossing combination ‘Tsitronnyi Magaracha’ × ‘Spartanets Magaracha’ in 1996 at a comprehensive study of populations of wine forms of grapes with muscat aroma in flavor. The article presents main ampelographic, biological and economical parameters peculiar for new promising variety: medium ripening date (September, 3), production period - 137 days. The form of bush recommended is a cordon on a middle vine trunk. The load is 6 eyes on a cane (4 canes). Planting scheme is 3 x 1.5 m. Preventive treatment against fungal diseases is 3-4 times a season. The content of sugars in technologically mature berries is 22.4 g / 100 cm3, of titratable acids - 8.7 g / dm3. Mass concentration of terpene alcohols is 6.81 mg / dm3, while the concentration of free terpenes determining the initial aroma is 2.03 mg / dm3, of fixed terpenes - 4.78 mg / dm3. Mass concentration of common phenolic substances is 167 mg / dm3. The crop yield is recommended for dry and liqueur wine production. Tasting assessment of young base wines: dry - 7.75 points, liqueur - 7.82 points (according to the 8-point scale).

GRAFTED TOMATOES – ECOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVE FOR CHEMICAL DISINFECTION OF SOIL

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorin Sora ◽  
Mădălina Doltu
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Chemical Disinfection

This study aimed to identification of an ecological alternative for the chemical disinfection of soil in the greenhouses from Romania. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most popular vegetable crops in the world. The carbohydrate, vitamins, salts of important mineral elements and organic acids content of tomato fruits is very important. Tomato crops are very sensitive to climatic vagaries, so fluctuation in climatic parameters at any phase of growth can affect the yield and the fruit quality. Grafting on Solanaceae is a method which has improved and spread quickly during the past years, a similar approach to crop rotation, a practice meant to increase productivity, resistance or tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress factors and at increasing fruit quality. The research was conducted in a glass greenhouse of the Horting Institute, Bucharest, Romania. The biological material used was a Romanian tomato hybrid (Siriana F1), a Dutch tomato hybrid (Abellus F1) and four rootstocks, a Dutch tomato hybrid (Emperador F1) and three Romanian tomato cultivars (L542, L543 and L544) obtained from the Research and Development Station for Vegetable Growing, Buzău, Romania. The rootstocks have had resistance to biotic stress factors (soil diseases and pests) and the chemical disinfection of soil has was eliminated. The result of this research are presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Activation of the Promoter of the Tnt1 Retrotransposon in Tomato After Inoculation with the Fungal Pathogen Cladosporium fulvum

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 592-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Mhiri ◽  
Pierre J. G. M. De Wit ◽  
Marie-Angèle Grandbastien
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Specific Factors

The copia-like Tnt1 element of tobacco is one of the few active plant retrotransposons and is transcriptionally activated, in tobacco and in heterologous species, by biotic and abiotic stress factors. In order to establish more precisely the link between Tnt1 activation and plant defense responses, the expression of the Tnt1 promoter was studied in a gene-for-gene pathosystem, the interaction between tomato and the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum. In compatible interactions, Tnt1 expression is highly induced throughout the leaf regions colonized by the fungus, while in incompatible interactions Tnt1 induction is transient and localized in distinct foci. Tnt1 expression after fungal inoculation parallels the differential activation of tomato defense genes. Tnt1 expression is induced by nonspecific factors of plant or fungal origin present in apoplastic fluids of leaf tissues infected by virulent races of C. fulvum, but is also activated by specific factors resulting from the interaction between fungal avirulence peptides and plant resistance genes. Tnt1 activation by apoplastic fluids containing avirulence peptides of C. fulvum is detected soon after elicitation. These results demonstrate that Tnt1 transcriptional activation correlates with biological responses of tomato to infection by C. fulvum and is mediated through signals originating from both race-specific and non-race-specific perception pathways.

scholarly journals Особенности основных фенологических фаз продукционного периода сортов Negr

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Alla Polulyakh ◽  
Vladimir Volynkin ◽  
Magometsaigit Beibulatov
Keyword(s):  
Ripening Period ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Production Period ◽  
Phenological Phases

Знание фенологических особенностей сортов винограда важно для формирования промышленного конвейера столовых сортов винограда и в селекционной работе при создании сортов с заданным хозяйственными характеристиками. В результате анализа дат наступления основных фенологических фаз столовых сортов винограда V. v. orientalis Negr. в условиях ампелографической коллекции установлено, что согласно международному классификатору OIV по продолжительности продукционного периода изученные сорта разделяются на пять групп: сорта раннего, раннесреднего, среднего, среднепозднего и позднего сроков созревания. Продолжительность продукционного периода у столовых сортов V. v. orientalis Negr. раннего срока созревания составляет 115±4,4 - 121±1,6 дней, раннесреднего срока созревания 129 - 135±2,4 дней, среднего срока созревания 141±1,3 - 145±0,9 дней, сортов среднепозднего срока созревания 146 - 155±0,7 дней, сортов позднего срока созревания 156±0,5 - 165±2,0 дней.Understanding of the phenological peculiarities of grapevine cultivars is important for the formation of an industrial conveyor of table grapes and in breeding work when creating cultivars with pre-determined economic characteristics. Analysis of the onset dates of main phenological phases of table grapevine cultivars V. v. orientalis Negr. in the conditions of ampelographic collection revealed that, according to the OIV international classifier, the studied cultivars can be divided into five groups based on the length of production period: early, early-medium, medium, medium-late and late ripening. The length of production period of table cultivars V. v. orientalis Negr. of early ripening period is 115 ± 4.4 - 121 ± 1.6 days, that of early-medium ripening period is 129 - 135 ± 2.4 days, of medium ripening period is 141 ± 1.3 - 145 ± 0.9 days, for varieties of medium-late ripening period it is 146 - 155 ± 0.7 days, late ripening cultivars - 156 ± 0.5 - 165 ± 2.0 days.

Variability in Breeding Pool of Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) for Yield, Quality and Resistance to Different Biotic and Abiotic Stress Factors

Sugar Tech ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
A. Anna Durai ◽  
M. N. Premachandran ◽  
P. Govindaraj ◽  
P. Malathi ◽  
R. Viswanathan
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Saccharum Spp ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Breeding Pool

scholarly journals The Impact of Biotic and Abiotic Stress Factors on Development of European Ash Tissue Cultures

Forests ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Nawrot-Chorabik ◽  
Małgorzata Sułkowska ◽  
Małgorzata Osmenda ◽  
Vasyl Mohytych ◽  
Ewa Surówka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
European Ash

Fraxinus excelsior L. is threatened by a variety of environmental factors causing a decline of the species. The most important biotic factors negatively affecting the condition of the F. excelsior population are fungi such as the pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Abiotic factors with potentially harmful effect to the F. excelsior population are the accumulation of heavy metals and salinity in soils. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of selected biotic and abiotic stress factors to determine which of them pose a threat to European ash. The study was conducted using in vitro techniques based on callus and seedlings regenerated via indirect organogenesis. Tissue cultures exclude the influence of other factors, including the environmental impact on ash extinction. The results confirmed very strong pathogenic potential of H. fraxineus in which after 14 days the callus tissue cells died as the tissue failed to activate its defense mechanisms. Experiments showed the high toxicity of cadmium in concentration of 0.027 mmol/L. Salinity caused the activity of oxidation enzymes to vary among seedlings and calluses in the control suggesting the enzymes play a role in controlling the morphogenetic development of tissue cultures.

scholarly journals Genetic modifications as a future prospect in the improvement of the major qualitative traits of cereals. A review

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
KAROLINA DUDZIAK ◽  
MICHAŁ NOWAK ◽  
KRZYSZTOF KOWALCZYK
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Direct Gene Transfer ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors

Progress in cereals transformation which can be observed for last two decades has great importance in the development of plant science and agriculture. So far, non-vector techniques, particularly direct gene transfer using „gene gun”, have been often applied in cereals transformation. However, agrobiotechnology achievements enabled cereals transformation with the soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Initially, it was believed that this technique cannot be applied to cereals because monocotyledones are outside the host range of the crown gall disease. Nowadays, the top five cereals with the highest economic significance – rice (Oryza sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) are quite efficiently transformed by A. tumefaciens. By means of molecular genetic tools it is possible to obtain cereals with new, improved traits. The present paper is focused on agricultural development which can by observed by the application of GM cereals tolerant to biotic and abiotic stress factors. Moreover, we summarized the latest achievements in cereals transformation.

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