scholarly journals Research of migration of technogenic bottom sediments with application of modern geoinformation systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-211
Author(s):  
Nikolay Maksimovich ◽  
Olga Berezina ◽  
Olga Meshcheriakova ◽  
Artem Demenev
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Mine Waters ◽  
River Ecosystems ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Acid Mine Waters ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
And Migration

The study of the regularities of formation and migration of technogenic bottom sediments in river ecosystems of mining regions is an urgent area of works of domestic and foreign researchers in connection with the high need to reduce the anthropogenic impact on the natural components of the environment. This article is devoted to the problems of the migration of pollutants and the formation of technogenic bottom sediments in river ecosystems in the Kizel coal basin (Perm Region, Russia). The scale of the problem is determined by the existence of numerous sources containing extremely high concentrations of elements of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd hazard classes. The main sources of contaminants on the study area are acid mine waters discharged through former mines and springs, as well as effluents from waste dumps. These technogenic solutions are characterized by a multicomponent composition, in which high concentrations of the following elements (Fe, Al, Mn, Zn, Be, Cu, Pb, Cd et al.) are noted. Exceeding the MPC for some elements reaches hundreds and thousands of times; in all, according to various estimates, over 500 km of rivers are polluted in the territory of the former Kizel coal basin and in the zone of its influence. The article describes the characteristics of bottom sediments of the river Kos’va, one of the largest regional rivers, according to long-term observations from 1984–2018, field studies, as well as the use of GIS technologies and the created geo-ecological geoinformation system of the Kizel coal basin. Also, based on international experience, environmental measures were proposed to restore the river ecosystems of the territory.

scholarly journals Long-term changes in the chemical composition of the water of the Inhulets and Saksahan rivers within the Kryvorizkyi Iron Ore Basin (1980–2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-479
Author(s):  
V. K. Khilchevskyi ◽  
N. P. Sherstiuk
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
River Water ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Mine Waters ◽  
Hydrochemical Regime ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
Storage Pond ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Environmental Measures

The article presents the generalized results of chemical composition research of waters from Inhulets and Saksahan rivers on the territory adjacent to the Northern and Inhulets with pumping of underground waters (mine and quarry), which have an abnormal chemical composition, high mineralization and contain high concentrations of microcomponents. The following scheme of mine water utilization is used in the Kryvyi Rih iron ore basin: the mines of the northern part of Kryvbas discharge water into the tailings dam of Northern Iron Ore Dressing works (Northern GZK); mines of the southern part discharge mine waters into the storage pond of the Svistunov creek during the year, and in the winter its waters are discharged into the Inhulets River with subsequent washing of the river in the spring-summer period. Such treatment of mine and quarry waters has led to the formation of a hydrochemical anomaly on the territory of Northern GZK with the center in the tailings. The mineralization of water in the pond reaches 23 g / l (2020). There is a high content of microcomponents: lead, cadmium, vanadium, manganese, boron, bromine, nickel, mercury, thiocyanates. As a result, the mineralization of the Saksahan River water increases over time (up to 5.4 g / l), the content of microcomponents also increases and becomes quite high. Prolonged use of the Inhulets River for utilization of mine water from the Svistunov creek storage pond has led to a change in the type of water: instead of type II (river water), Inhulets water belongs to the type III (metamorphosed waters). There are no regularities in the change of chemical composition of water (hydrochemical regime) in Inhulets, which is a consequence of the introduction of the scheme "discharge – flushing" for the disposal of mine water. Among the microcomponents in the water of Inhulets there is an increased content of vanadium, boron and bromine (7–8 times), single excess of lead content. The analysis of equilibria in the carbonate-calcium system of the Inhulets and Saksahan rivers confirmed that the existing hydrochemical regime for the studied rivers is stationary, thus, the environmental measures implemented will not have rapid consequences.

scholarly journals Mineral Formation under the Influence of Mine Waters (The Kizel Coal Basin, Russia)

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Elena Menshikova ◽  
Boris Osovetsky ◽  
Sergey Blinov ◽  
Pavel Belkin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Mine Waters ◽  
Sandy Gravel ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
Iron Aluminum ◽  
Natural Minerals ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Acid Mine Waters

The development of coal deposits is accompanied by negative environmental changes. In the territory of the Kizel coal basin (Perm Region, Russia), the problem of contamination of water sources by acid mine waters and runoff from rock dumps is particularly acute. Mine waters are acidic (pH 2–3), with high mineralization (up to 25 g/L) and significant content of sulfate ions, iron, aluminum, manganese, toxic trace elements (As, Co, Ni, Pb and Zn). They are formed as a result of the interaction of underground waters from flooded mines of the Kizel basin with coal and rocks of dumps with high sulfur content (15%). Uncontrolled inflow of mine water into rivers (about 22 million m3 annually) leads to significant amounts of iron and aluminum hydroxide precipitation. These precipitations are in active interaction with river water, polluting the rivers tens of kilometers downstream and are entering the Kama reservoir. Studies of alluvial precipitation can be considered as a method of control and predictors of technogenic water pollution. The mineral composition of river sediments was studied with the application of different methods, including studies of sand-gravel and silty-clayey sediments. The sandy-gravel grains in the bottom load are mainly composed by natural minerals and are represented by a significant number of particles of coal dumps, slags and magnetic spherules. The silty-clayey material, mixed with natural minerals, contains a significant number of amorphous phases with a predominance of iron-rich substances, which may actively concentrate toxic elements. The presence of jarosite, goethite, basaluminite, lepidorocite and copiapite in silty-clayey sediments are indicators of the influence of mine waters.

Hydrogeology of the Kizel coal basin (Western Urals, Russia) in post-mining stage: the main problems and ways of their solution

2020 ◽  
pp. 475-487
Author(s):  
P. A. Ribnikov ◽  
L. S. Ribnikova ◽  
N. G. Maksimovich ◽  
A. D. Demenev
Keyword(s):  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Internal Boundary ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Mine Waters ◽  
Groundwater Supply ◽  
Engineering Measures ◽  
Acid Mine Waters ◽  
History Of ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Filtration Properties

Coal mining in the Kizel coal basin was accompanied by intensive mine drainage, drainage of both coal strata and hydraulically associated rock aquifers, the formation of extensive depression craters in the areas of worked mines, the movement of large masses of rocks, the formation of sinkholes over the worked space. These processes have led to significant changes in the filtration characteristics of aquifers and groundwater supply conditions compared to natural conditions. After the dewatering was stopped, 19 outflows of acid mine waters were formed, which are a source of pollution of the hydrosphere. To select engineering measures aimed at improving the environmental situation, it was necessary to assess the balance components involved in the formation of these outflows. The necessary accuracy of the forecast in assessing the balance components of water involved in the formation of outflows both at the present time and in the implementation of engineering measures can be achieved by reproducing the methods of mathematical (geofiltration) modeling of the hydrodynamic history of mining. Groundwater in the Kizel coal basin is formed within several relatively isolated basins of underground catchments. To determine the external boundaries of the models, an approach based on the analysis of the geological, tectonic structure of the territory, filtration properties of rocks, taking into account the geomorphological position of the basin, was used to ensure the correct interface of the boundaries of local models. On the basis of the analysis of long-term data of regime observations at working out of coal mines, generalization of geological and hydrogeological information the substantiation of basic parameters of 8 geofiltration models is executed, external and internal boundary conditions are defined, stratification of each of models is carried out. The value of the infiltration feed for the territory under consideration was taken on the basis of estimates made in different years in the study of the natural regime of groundwater, in the operation of the mine drainage and the analysis of the outflow costs after flooding. The effectiveness of engineering measures was evaluated by analyzing the changes in the balance components of water involved in the formation of spills at the present time and in the implementation of measures, which were considered as plugging wells and mine shafts, the device of bridges in mine workings, injection of reagent into the underground space, removal of surface runoff, pumping groundwater upstream.

scholarly journals Extracellular-Vesicle-Based Coatings Enhance Bioactivity of Titanium Implants—SurfEV

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1445
Author(s):  
Taisa Nogueira Pansani ◽  
Thanh Huyen Phan ◽  
Qingyu Lei ◽  
Alexey Kondyurin ◽  
Bill Kalionis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Wound Closure ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
And Migration

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles released by cells that contain a multitude of biomolecules, which act synergistically to signal multiple cell types. EVs are ideal candidates for promoting tissue growth and regeneration. The tissue regenerative potential of EVs raises the tantalizing possibility that immobilizing EVs on implant surfaces could potentially generate highly bioactive and cell-instructive surfaces that would enhance implant integration into the body. Such surfaces could address a critical limitation of current implants, which do not promote bone tissue formation or bond bone. Here, we developed bioactive titanium surface coatings (SurfEV) using two types of EVs: secreted by decidual mesenchymal stem cells (DEVs) and isolated from fermented papaya fluid (PEVs). For each EV type, we determined the size, morphology, and molecular composition. High concentrations of DEVs enhanced cell proliferation, wound closure, and migration distance of osteoblasts. In contrast, the cell proliferation and wound closure decreased with increasing concentration of PEVs. DEVs enhanced Ca/P deposition on the titanium surface, which suggests improvement in bone bonding ability of the implant (i.e., osteointegration). EVs also increased production of Ca and P by osteoblasts and promoted the deposition of mineral phase, which suggests EVs play key roles in cell mineralization. We also found that DEVs stimulated the secretion of secondary EVs observed by the presence of protruding structures on the cell membrane. We concluded that, by functionalizing implant surfaces with specialized EVs, we will be able to enhance implant osteointegration by improving hydroxyapatite formation directly at the surface and potentially circumvent aseptic loosening of implants.

scholarly journals The Advantages of Landsat 8-OLI-Derived Suspended Particulate Matter Maps for Monitoring the Subtidal Extension of Amazonian Coastal Mud Banks (French Guiana)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelia Abascal Zorrilla ◽  
Vincent Vantrepotte ◽  
Erwan Gensac ◽  
Nicolas Huybrechts ◽  
Antoine Gardel
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Spm Concentration ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

The coast of French Guiana is characterised by the northwestward migration of large mud banks alongshore and by high concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM) resulting from the strong influence of the Amazon River outflow. Surface OLI SPM concentration, linked to the footprint of the subtidal part of mud banks due to resuspension and migration processes, was used to develop a method to estimate the location of this footprint. A comparison of the results from this method with those obtained by locating the limit of the wave damping, which characterises muddy coasts, revealed good performance of the method based on recurring SPM values. The migration rates of the mud banks in French Guiana were calculated according to the delimitation of their subtidal parts, and showed slightly higher values (2.31 km/year) than suggested by earlier studies. In comparison with other methods, the migration rate estimated using the method proposed within the framework of this study takes into account the variability of the shape of the subtidal part for the first time. It was also shown that the mud banks existing on the coastal area of French Guiana present two different shapes. Our results clearly demonstrate the advantage of ocean colour data to describe mud banks according to their subtidal part, delimited using the assessment of SPM temporal variability.

Trace elements in skin-contact clothes and migration to artificial sweat: Risk assessment of human dermal exposure

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 726-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Rovira ◽  
Martí Nadal ◽  
Marta Schuhmacher ◽  
José L Domingo
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Dermal Exposure ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Artificial Sweat ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
And Migration

The concentrations of a considerable number of trace elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, V and Zn) were determined in various skin-contact clothes (T-shirts, blouses, socks, baby pajamas and bodies) from the Catalan (Spain) market. In addition, migration experiments with artificial acidic sweat were conducted in order to establish the migration rates of these elements. High levels of Zn (186–5749 mg/kg) were found in zinc pyrithione labeled T-shirts, while high concentrations of Sb and Cr were found in polyester and black polyamide fabrics, respectively. An environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) confirmed the presence of Ag and Ti particles and aggregates in several clothing items. The use of the ESEM complemented the results of the elemental analysis and migration experiments. Dermal exposure to trace elements was subsequently calculated, and the human health risks were assessed. Antimony showed the highest mean hazard quotient (HQ = 0.4) for male and female adults wearing polyester clothes; for one of the examined items (polyester T-shirt) the HQ was even above the safety limit (HQ > 1). Exposure to Sb from polyester textile could mean potential health risks in subpopulation groups who frequently wear these clothes, and for long time periods. The migration experiments with artificial sweat showed to be essential for establishing the exposure to trace elements through cloth with direct contact with skin.

scholarly journals MIGRACE RADIONUKLIDU 226Ra V SEDIMENTECH RYCHVALDSKÉ STRUŽKY

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radek Morcinek ◽  
Josef Zeman
Keyword(s):  
Mine Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Geochemical Evolution ◽  
Mining District ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Mine Waters ◽  
Upper Silesian Coal Basin ◽  
Substantial Risk ◽  
Mass Activity ◽  
Increased Activity

Large amounts of mining waters are discharged into waterstreams in the region of Ostrava-Karviná Mining District. This paper deals with discharged mine water from the Žofie watershaft , which is located in Petrvald basin in Czech part of Upper Silesian coal basin. Mine water may affect surface watercourses, especially their sediments, which may have increased activity of radium 226Ra. The aim of this work was to evaluate geochemical evolution of the Rychvald creek with regard to the mobility of radium 226Ra and estimate the degree of influence. From the results, it is evident that the mine waters significantly affect the composition of Rychvald creek. Increased equivalent dose was measured only up to the wastewater treatment plant, which probably considerably diluted the water, consequently diminishing migration abilities of radium. From the result of physicochemical parameters it is evident that discharged mine water from the Žofie watershaft affects mainly conductivity, due to high mineralization of discharged mine water. Increased doses of the gamma radiation equivalent, which are related to the increased mass activity of radium 226Ra, were found in the sediment of the first 1 200 m of the Rychvaldské creek. However the determined increased activities of radium 226Ra do not represent neither substantial risk for human health nor important risk for the environment.

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