scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RISK IN THE SYSTEM OF SURVEILLANCE FOR ACUTE INTESTINAL INFECTIONS RELEVANT TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2018 ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Cherepanova ◽  
E.G. Simonova ◽  
R.R. Raichich ◽  
A.V. Linok ◽  
N.N. Filatov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
The Russian Federation

The main directions and results of the epidemiological risk studies for acute intestinal infections in the Russian Federation, rotavirus infection and shigellosis, which differ in their characteristics, are presented in the article. The tasks of the epidemiological surveillance related to risk assessment have been identified, and the ways to their execution have been proposed.

scholarly journals ROTAVIRUS INFECTION IN CHILDREN IN THE RF: DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT CHALLENGES TODAY

2017 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
M. K. BECHTEREVA ◽  
A. M. KOMAROVA ◽  
A. N. USKOV
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Infectious Diarrhea ◽  
Etiological Diagnosis ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
The Russian Federation

Acute infectious diarrhea in children is a global healthcare challenge [1]. In 2015, the incidence of acute intestinal infections (AII) in the Russian Federation amounted to 545.89 per 100 thousand people; that is almost exactly the same as in 2014. AII of unknown etiology account for 63.44% of cases. There are still significant differences in the effectiveness of the etiological diagnosis of AII in different areas of the Russian Federation. Along with a reduction in the incidence of separate nosologies, the incidence of campylobacteriosis increased by 30.3%, rotavirus by 14% and norovirus by 26.4% [2].

Molecular Epidemiological Monitoring of Circulation of Coxsackievirus A10

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
LN Golitsyna ◽  
VV Zverev ◽  
NV Ponomareva ◽  
NI Romanenkova ◽  
Thao Thanh Thi Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Molecular Monitoring ◽  
South Vietnam ◽  
Epidemiological Monitoring ◽  
The Russian Federation

Background: Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) is currently one of the most common etiological agents of enterovirus infection (EVI). Over the past decade, severe and fatal cases of CV-A10 infection have become more frequent while clinical manifestations of the disease are similar to those of Enterovirus A71 infection. The objective of our study was to characterize circulation of Coxsackievirus A10 in the Russian Federation in 2008–2019 and to study the phylogenetic relationships of strains isolated in Russia and Vietnam. Materials and methods: In 2008–2019, 220 CV-A10 strains were isolated from patients with various clinical manifestations of EVI and from sewage water samples taken in the Russian Federation and then studied using molecular genetic methods. In addition to that, we analyzed 26 CV-A10 strains isolated from patients with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and acute flaccid paralysis in South Vietnam in 2018–2019. Results: We established a two-year periodicity of CV-A10 active circulation in Russia. In the structure of clinical forms of CV-A10 infection, herpetic angina prevailed (30.8 %), followed by minor illness (25.25 %), respiratory diseases (15.66 %), exanthema (14.65 %), gastrointestinal disorders (8.08 %), and asymptomatic infections (2.02 %). Symptoms of CNS damage (meningitis, meningoencephalitis) were observed in 3.53 % of cases. Most CV-A10 strains from Vietnam were isolated from patients with CNS affection of varying degrees of severity. During the study period, CV-A10 strains of genotypes C, E, and F3 circulated in the territory of the Russian Federation whereas the strains from South Vietnam were represented by genotypes F3 and F1. The studied strains showed a genetic relationship with those of CV-A10 circulating in different countries. Vietnamese and some Russian strains of the F3 genotype were genetically close to the strains isolated from severe cases. Conclusions: Molecular monitoring of CV-A10 circulation is an important component of the global epidemiological surveillance of EVI.

scholarly journals About the Results of Monitoring Researches of Ballast Waters and Data of Identification of the Vibrioes Strains Selected During the Ships Researches in Russian Seaports in 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Vodyanitskаyа ◽  
O. V. Sergienko ◽  
N. G. Ivanova ◽  
V. V. Balachnova ◽  
I. V. Arkhangelskаya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
International Convention ◽  
International Standard ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ballast Waters ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
First Time

Relevance. In September, 2017 the International Convention on Control of Ships’ Ballast Waters and sediments, in which the Russian Federation takes part, came into effect.Aim of article is to cover the results of implementation of the Convention in Russia, regarding selection and analysis of ballast waters tests for compliance with the international standard.Material and methods. The materials for work were data on ship arrivals at the international seaports of the Russian Federation, provided by sanitary and quarantine departments of the Russian ports, and monitoring researches of ballast waters in seaports of some regions of the Russian Federation. Analytical, bacteriological, molecular methods were applied.Results. The studies of ballast waters in the Leningrad and Kaliningrad regions have been conducted for the first time in 2018, and in the Rostov region the study lasts since 2010. The laboratory researches of ships’ ballast showed that E. coli, Enterococcus spp. were in norm, V. cholerae O1 and O139 in ballast were absent. 12 of 21 ballast water tests investigated by specialists of the Rostov region laboratories contained V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139, ballast was taken on the ships which arrived from Romania and Turkey.Сonclusion. The results of the molecular and genetic researches suggest that there is a probability of V. сholeraе introduction brougth with ship ballast. Management decisions are demanded to ensure biological safety of shipping and to decrease intestinal infections incidence in residents of the seaside cities.

Residential fire risk assessment and management

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 128-141
Author(s):  
A. A. Tanygina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Economic Indicator ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Hazard Levels

Introduction. The article analyzes statistical data for the period of 2006-2018 and presents an assessment of fire hazard levels in residential sectors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which were determined on the basis of an integral socio-economic indicator of fire risk. It also considers the problems of assessing fire hazard in the residential sector as in a complex social and economic systems. The purpose of the study is to determine the levels of fire hazard and build a model for managing fire risks in residential sectors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Research methods. To solve the research problems, the methods of system analysis, statistical analysis, mathematical statistics, etc. were used. Research results. A number of statistical dependencies of the fire situation in the Russian Federation have been analyzed and obtained. The indicators with the most fire hazardous level in the residential sectors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation were determined by calculation. A block diagram of a model for managing fire risks in the residential sector using the integral socio-economic indicator of fire risk (ISEPPR) is built. Conclusion. The values of the fire hazard levels obtained in the work and the model of fire risk management in residential sectors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation make it possible to improve management decisions in the field of supervisory activities and preventive work of the Federal State Fire Supervision Authorities. Keywords: residential sector, integral socio-economic indicator of fire risk, risk assessment, level of fire hazard

scholarly journals PROCEDURE FOR ASSESSING RISK OF DEVELOPING AN ADVERSE EPIDEMIC SITUATION FOR ENTEROBIASIS IN THE CONSTITUENT ENTITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
И.А. Абрамов ◽  
◽  
O.P. Chernjavskaja ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Moscow Oblast ◽  
Omsk Oblast ◽  
Unknown Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

The article presents a method for assessing the risk of an unfavorable epidemic situation for a parasitic disease using the example of enterobiasis in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and a forecast for 2020. The method is based on a point assessment of internal risks developed on the basis of the document «Rapid assessment of events posing an immediate threat to public health. WHO-2012». All constituent entities of the Russian Federation were assessed and divided into three categories: high, medium and low risk of an unfavorable epidemic situation for enterobiasis. According to the results of the assessment, the «risk areas» in 2020 are Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sevastopol, the Republic of Tatarstan, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Kemerovo Oblast, Moscow Oblast, Omsk Oblast, Chelyabinsk Oblast. In the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Republic of Altai, a high prevalence of the population was revealed with low indicators of other criteria, which may indicate an insufficient epidemiological surveillance of enterobiasis, or about unaccounted or unknown risk factors for the disease.

scholarly journals Environmental niche modelling as tool for pest risk assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
A. N. Afonin* ◽  
Yu. Yu. Kulakova ◽  
Yu. A. Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Ecological Niche Modeling ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Pest Risk Assessment ◽  
Quarantine Species ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Pest Risk

The article reviews the concept and technology of pest risk assessment for the spread of quarantine species based on ecological and geographical analysis and ecological niche modeling. Using a quarantine species Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. as an example, we calculated the ecological requirements of the species. The main ecological factors limiting the spread of I. hederacea were determined and the ecological amplitudes of the species in relation to each factor limiting its distribution were quantitatively estimated. We identified ecologically suitable habitats and compiled a map of the ecological-geographical niche of the species using specially created environmental maps based on the obtained data of the ecological limits of the species. Using the map of the ecological-geographical niche, the I. hederacea distribution risk in the regions of the Russian Federation was estimated. Similar maps can be used for basis of quantitative as well as targeted risk assessment of penetration and establishment of harmful organisms. Obtained information will be useful to compile lists of quarantine species, estimate the potential areas of geographic distribution of pests into Russian Federation, and make decisions for introduction of effective phytosanitary measures to prevent the penetration of these invasive organisms. It can also be used as the basis for organizing and conducting phytosanitary monitoring in the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Description of Outbreak of Acute Intestinal Infections in the Republic of Dagestan

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-95
Author(s):  
Z. G. Tagirova ◽  
D. R. Akhmedov ◽  
M. M. Magomedov ◽  
M. A. Gasanova ◽  
Z. M. Daniyalbekova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Predominant Role ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

The incidence of acute intestinal infections (AII) in the Republic of Dagestan in 2015 was higher than in the Russian Federation as whole, 4.6 times. In the structure of the AII of the revealed etiology, Shigellosis plays a predominant role. The article analyzes the outbreak of shigellosis, registered in 2016 in Makhachkala

scholarly journals Current trends in paediatric infections in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-133
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Lobzin ◽  
S. V. Rychkova ◽  
A. N. Uskov ◽  
N. V. Skripchenko ◽  
V. V. Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Comparative Dynamics ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Diseases ◽  
The Russian Federation

The onset of 2020 clearly demonstrated that infection agents pose a major threat to mankind. Current infectiology is shaped by resurrection of “old” seemingly forgotten infections, emergence of “new” infection agents, unusual combinations of known agents, evolving resistance of microorganisms to antibacterial drugs, transformation of human microbiome leading to distortions in herd immunity and, ultimately, emergence of healthcare-related infectious diseases, not letting alone threats of bioterror. Infection agents evolve together with mankind. Novel facets emerge in infectiology, alongside with trends in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infectious diseases that become more diverse as the list of pathogens grows. Human and infection agent links extend beyond antagonistic relations towards symbiosis. Microorganisms adapt quickly in the new technogenic environment giving rise to novel pathogens and making it unlikely for the mankind to get free from infections any time soon.The total economic damage from infectious diseases increases by year, despite continuous improvement in therapy. Infectious mortality in children aged 0 to 14 years is the top fourth among other causes of death. The work assesses comparative dynamics of “common” childhood infections in the Russian Federation during 2018–2020. We analyse official statistics on paediatric infectious morbidity, comparative dynamics of main infectious diseases (acute respiratory diseases, intestinal infections of bacterial and viral nature, neuroinfections, anthropozoonotic infections, viral hepatitises), assess trends in morbidity of vaccine-preventable infections in children and adults in the Russian Federation, with greater detail towards selected regions, from January 2018 to April 2020.

Application of Risk Assessment While Assigning the Surface Width of Multi-Lane Roads

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Н. В. Щеголева ◽  
В. В. Столяров ◽  
А. В. Кочетков
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Technical Regulation ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Transverse Profile ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Oriented Approach ◽  
Regulatory Performance

Постановка задачи. Рассматривается задача назначения ширины покрытия многополосных дорог на основе риск-ориентированного подхода в соответствии с Федеральным законом Российской Федерации № 184-ФЗ «О техническом регулировании». Результаты. Впервые представлена применимость алгоритма оценки риска взаимодействия транспортных средств на многополосных дорогах на примере назначения требуемой ширины шестиполосной автомагистрали. На основе оценок риска решены следующие проблемы: определены требуемые параметры ширины покрытия для нормативных документов; установлены допустимые величины ширины покрытия при проектировании автомагистралей; даны рекомендации по совершенствованию поперечного профиля существующих автомобильных дорог при капитальном ремонте и реконструкции. Выводы. Установлено, что в нормативных документах по проектированию шестиполосных автомобильных дорог при проектном составе транспортных средств следует предусмотреть изменение нормированной ширины покрытия, увеличив ее до значения, при котором риск столкновения автомобилей не превысит допустимой величины 1⸱10. Statement of the problem. The problem of ensuring the safety of vehicles on a multi-lane roadway of the required width of coverage is considered on the basis of a risk-oriented approach, in accordance with the Federal law of the Russian Federation No. 184-FZ «on Technical Regulation». Results. The authors presented the applicability of the algorithm to assess the risk of interaction of vehicles on six-lane highways for determining regulatory performance; the required values of surfacing thickness for the design have been identified; recommendations on the improvement of the transverse profile when major repairs and reconstruction have been provided. Conclusions. It was found that in normative documents for designing six-lane roads, the design vehicle should provide the change of normalized coating thickness, increasing it to values where the risk of collision of vehicles does not exceed the permissible value.

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