Peculiarities of the Immune Status of Petrochemical Workers with Cardiovascular Diseases

Objective: The purpose of our research was to assess characteristics of immune regulation in petrochemical workers suffering from cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Materials and methods: Our sample was divided into two groups: an observation group consisting of 115 people with CVD and a reference group of 56 people. Blood benzene was assayed by gas chromatography. Cellular phagocytosis was examined using formalinized sheep erythrocytes. The IgG content specific to benzene was measured using the allergosorbent test. CD-lymphocytes were phenotyped on a flow cytometer via membrane immune fluorescence and applying a panel of labeled monoclonal antibodies to membrane CD-receptors. Expression of TNFR, p53, Bcl-2, and bax was determined by applying relevant monoclonal antibodies. We used the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine total IgG, CA 19-9, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), interleukin-6, and VEGF. Statistical data analysis was performed using techniques of descriptive statistics and sample comparison. Intergroup differences were considered statistically significant at р≤0.05. Results: Chemical analytical tests revealed an excess benzene burden in the test group against the reference one. Immunoassays showed higher cellular phagocytic activity. We detected significant changes in CD-immunogram parameters such as increased concentrations of CD16+ effector cells, activation of Т-suppressors lymphocytes CD127-, an increase in Annexin V-FITC+7ADD-negative cells, TNFR, p53, bcl-2, bax, as well as the deficiency of CD19+, CD25+, CD95+ lymphocytes both against the reference group and physiological standards. We also determined an increase in total and benzene-specific sensibilization of the body, elevated concentrations of tumor markers CA 19-9 and PSA, interleukin-6, and the growth factor of vessels endothelium VEGF. All these changes characterized the features of immune homeostasis indicators and were responsible for pathogenesis and development of cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions: Significant associations of immunologic parameters in the form of functional disorders in programmed cells death with simultaneous activation of specific sensibilization processes create specific immunologic status of petrochemical workers with cardiovascular diseases in their medical history.

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A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with two monoclonal antibodies to specific epitopes measures human lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase

The Journal of Lipid Research ◽

10.1016/s0022-2275(20)30175-9 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 325-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kiichiro Kobori ◽

Kazunori Saito ◽

Sachiko Ito ◽

Kazuo Kotani ◽

Mitsuhisa Manabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Cholesterol Acyltransferase ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase

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Could Lipoxins Represent a New Standard in Ischemic Stroke Treatment?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22084207 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 4207

Author(s):

Nikola Tułowiecka ◽

Dariusz Kotlęga ◽

Andrzej Bohatyrewicz ◽

Małgorzata Szczuko

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Blood Brain Barrier ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

The Body ◽

Brain Barrier ◽

Lipoxin A4 ◽

Stroke Treatment ◽

Blood Brain ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases including stroke are one of the most common causes of death. Their main cause is atherosclerosis and chronic inflammation in the body. An ischemic stroke may occur as a result of the rupture of unstable atherosclerotic plaque. Cardiovascular diseases are associated with uncontrolled inflammation. The inflammatory reaction produces chemical mediators that stimulate the resolution of inflammation. One of these mediators is lipoxins—pro-resolving mediators that are derived from the omega-6 fatty acid family, promoting inflammation relief and supporting tissue regeneration. Aim: The aim of the study was to review the available literature on the therapeutic potential of lipoxins in the context of ischemic stroke. Material and Methods: Articles published up to 31 January 2021 were included in the review. The literature was searched on the basis of PubMed and Embase in terms of the entries: ‘stroke and lipoxin’ and ‘stroke and atherosclerosis’, resulting in over 110 articles in total. Studies that were not in full-text English, letters to the editor, and conference abstracts were excluded. Results: In animal studies, the injection/administration of lipoxin A4 improved the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), decreased the volume of damage caused by ischemic stroke, and decreased brain edema. In addition, lipoxin A4 inhibited the infiltration of neutrophils and the production of cytokines and pro-inflammatory chemokines, such as interleukin (Il-1β, Il-6, Il-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The beneficial effects were also observed after introducing the administration of lipoxin A4 analog—BML-111. BML-111 significantly reduces the size of a stroke and protects the cerebral cortex, possibly by reducing the permeability of the blood–brain barrier. Moreover, more potent than lipoxin A4, it has an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing the amount of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions: Lipoxins and their analogues may find application in reducing damage caused by stroke and improving the prognosis of patients after ischemic stroke.

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Increased Serum WISP1 Levels are Associated with Lower Extremity Atherosclerotic Disease in Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes ◽

10.1055/a-1474-8220 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yangyang Cheng ◽

Xiaohui Du ◽

Bilin Zhang ◽

Junxia Zhang

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

Atherosclerotic Disease ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Newly Diagnosed

Abstract Background Serum wnt1-induced signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) levels are increased with obesity, which is a common complication associated with lower extremity atherosclerotic disease (LEAD). However, to date, the relationship between elevated WISP1 levels and the incidence of lower extremity atherosclerotic disease (LEAD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. Methods 174 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled in our study. Patients were divided into two groups, LEAD group (n=100) and control group (n=74). Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure and some biochemical parameters were obtained. Body composition was detected by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Levels of serum insulin were determined by radioimmunoassay. Serum WISP1 and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results It was shown that serum WISP1 levels in diabetic patients with LEAD were higher than those without LEAD (P<0.001). Serum WISP1 levels were positively related with waist circumference (r=0.237, P=0.003), waist-hip ratio (r=0.22, P=0.006), visceral fat area (r=0.354, P<0.001), serum creatinine (r=0.192, P=0.012), interleukin 6 (r=0.182, P=0.032), c-reactive protein (r=0.681, P<0.001), triglycerides (r=0.119, P<0.001), fasting glucose (r=0.196, P=0.011), glycated hemoglobin (r=0.284, P<0.001), and HOMA-IR (r=0.285, P<0.026). Compared with the lowest tertile, the odds ratio of the middle tertile for LEAD incidence was 3.27 (95% CI, 1.24–8.64) and 4.46 (95% CI, 1.62–12.29) for the highest tertile after adjusting confounding factors. Conclusion The results suggest that increased serum WISP1 levels independently contribute to the incidence of LEAD in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM.

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Epitope Mapping of Monoclonal Antibodies to Calreticulin Reveals That Charged Amino Acids Are Essential for Antibody Binding

Antibodies ◽

10.3390/antib10030031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Ann Christina Bergmann ◽

Cecilie Kyllesbech ◽

Rimantas Slibinskas ◽

Evaldas Ciplys ◽

Peter Højrup ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Epitope Mapping ◽

Biological Function ◽

Specific Binding ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Potential Therapeutic Target ◽

Charged Amino Acids ◽

Chaperone Protein ◽

Terminal Amino

Calreticulin is a chaperone protein, which is associated with myeloproliferative diseases. In this study, we used resin-bound peptides to characterize two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed to calreticulin, mAb FMC 75 and mAb 16, which both have significantly contributed to understanding the biological function of calreticulin. The antigenicity of the resin-bound peptides was determined by modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Specific binding was determined to an 8-mer epitope located in the N-terminal (amino acids 34–41) and to a 12-mer peptide located in the C-terminal (amino acids 362–373). Using truncated peptides, the epitopes were identified as TSRWIESK and DEEQRLKEEED for mAb FMC 75 and mAb 16, respectively, where, especially the charged amino acids, were found to have a central role for a stable binding. Further studies indicated that the epitope of mAb FMC 75 is assessable in the oligomeric structure of calreticulin, making this epitope a potential therapeutic target.

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Cardiovascular risks awareness in coaches and amateur athletes

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1093/eurjpc/zwab061.380 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

A Markovich ◽

O Mironova

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Heart Attack ◽

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

The Body ◽

Treadmill Test ◽

Cardiovascular Risks ◽

Sports Cardiology ◽

Long Distance ◽

Endurance Sport

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Regular physical activity is an important component of therapy for most сardiovascular diseases and is associated with reduced cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. The promotion of the physical activity and regular exercise is an important preventive measure that affects the prognosis. Purpose To assess the awareness of the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in exercising population and its influence on the safety of the patients and healthy adults among coaches and people actively engaged in sports activities. Methods An open non-randomized observation was conducted. The questionnaire created by our team included 45 questions about cardiovascular diseases and sport. 111 athletes and coaches aged from 19 to 46 were enrolled in the study. 61,5% (68) are men and 38,5% (42) of the respondents are women. 30,3% (33) of the respondents are coaches. 45,5% (15) of them have over 5 years of coaching experience. 44% (48) of all respondents prefer endurance sport, 25,7% (28) train strength exercise. 63,6% (70) train 3-8 hours per week, 12,7% (14 [7 women and 7 men]) train more than 8 hours each week. Results 18,5% (20 [6 women and 14 men]) think that ECG is enough for screening for cardiovascular diseases. 20% (4) of them are coaches. Only 69,5% (77) of all respondents know about treadmill test. And 41,6% (32/77) of them know about the necessary screening for arrhythmogenic condition. 13% (10/77) of them train more than 8 hours per week. And only 27,3% (21/77) of people who know about treadmill test, passed it themselves. Also 21,6% (24) of all respondents think that any episode of arrhythmia is the contraindication for any sport. But 96,4% (107) of the respondents know that it is necessary to regularly screen the cardiovascular system, even in the absence of complaints. 9% (10) of the interviewed think that diet is not important for people with cardiovascular diseases. And 18,9% (21) of the respondents don’t know about the effect of electrolytes on the body and the work of the heart muscle. Only 53,2% (59 [21 women and 38 men]) of the respondents trust the doctors more than coaches or themselves. And this is one of the reasons why it is necessary to talk about the basic principles of sports cardiology not only to doctors. 8,1% (9) of the respondents have never heard about any cases of sudden death of an athlete during training or at competitions due to «heart problems». 63,6% (21) of the coaches would not train a person who has suffered a heart attack. 71,8% (56) of the sportsmen would like to return to training after a heart attack. Conclusions Despite the fact that most people prefer a sedentary lifestyle, high-intensity fitness and long-distance endurance sport is getting more popular. Our survey proves the relatively low level of education about the underlying health conditions and possible risks associated with sports not only among athletes but professional coaches as well. There are no conflicts of interest to declare.

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Prostate-Specific Antigen: From Promising to Disappointment Tool for Diagnosis of Chronic Renal Failure in Predialysis Patients

Asian Journal of Oncology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1729346 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 07 (02) ◽

pp. 082-084

Author(s):

Ali Abdul Hussein S Al-Janabi

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Renal Failure ◽

Chronic Renal Failure ◽

Prostate Specific Antigen ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Elderly Men ◽

A Value ◽

Total Psa ◽

Moderate Elevation

Abstract Introduction Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a biomarker commonly used for detection of prostate cancer. Its viability as a marker for diagnosis of chronic renal failure (CRF) in predialysis patients was investigated. Methods Sera from 230 patients with CRF were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determining total PSA (tPSA) levels before hemodialysis. Results Of the patients investigated, 98.69% had a normal PSA level with a value less than 4 ng/mL. Three elderly men with both kidney failure showed a moderate elevation of PSA level. Conclusion PSA is considered a nonsignificant indicator for diagnosis of CRF.

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Association between Serum Concentration of Carotenoid and Visceral Fat

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030912 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 912

Author(s):

Mai Matsumoto ◽

Hiroyuki Suganuma ◽

Naoki Ozato ◽

Sunao Shimizu ◽

Mitsuhiro Katashima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Beta Carotene ◽

The Body ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Health Checkup ◽

Visceral Fat Area ◽

The Relationship ◽

Aomori Prefecture

Consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in carotenoids has been widely reported to prevent cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between serum carotenoid concentrations and visceral fat area (VFA), which is considered a better predictor of cardiovascular diseases than the body-mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the relationship in healthy individuals in their 20s or older, stratified by sex and age, to compare the relationship between serum carotenoid concentrations and VFA and BMI. The study was conducted on 805 people, the residents in Hirosaki city, Aomori prefecture, who underwent a health checkup. An inverse relationship between serum carotenoid concentrations and VFA and BMI was observed only in women. In addition, the results were independent of the intake of dietary fiber, which is mainly supplied from vegetables as well as carotenoids. This suggests that consumption of a diet rich in carotenoids (especially lutein and beta-carotene) is associated with lower VFA, which is a good predictor of cardiovascular disease, especially in women. This study is the first to comprehensively evaluate the association between serum carotenoid levels and VFA in healthy individuals.

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A Survey of G6 and G10 Serotypes of Group a Bovine Rotaviruses from Diarrheic Beef and Dairy Calves using Monoclonal Antibodies in ELISA

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/104063879400600207 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 175-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

A. Lucchelli ◽

S. Y. Kang ◽

M. K. Jayasekera ◽

A. V. Parwani ◽

D. H. Zeman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

South Dakota ◽

Dairy Herd ◽

Dairy Calves ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Positive Stool ◽

Field Samples ◽

Group A Rotaviruses ◽

Beef Herds ◽

Group A

Group A bovine rotaviruses (BRV) have been identified worldwide as a major cause of diarrhea in the young of many species, including humans. Group A rotaviruses are classified into serotypes on the basis of the outer capsid proteins, VP7 (G types) and VP4 (P types). To date, there are 14 G types of group A rotaviruses, with G1, G6, G8, and G10 described for BRV isolates. In this study, G6- and G lo-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the G typing of BRV-positive stool samples from diarrheic beef and dairy calves from South Dakota, Ohio, Michigan, Nebraska, and Washington, USA, and Ontario, Canada. ELISA plates were coated using a broadly reactive VP7 MAb (Common 60) or with G6- or G10-specific MAbs. BRV-positive fecal samples were diluted and added to duplicate wells, followed by the addition of polyclonal guinea pig anti-group A rotavirus serum as the secondary antibody. Several reference G6 and G10 BRV strains as well as other G types previously reported in cattle (G1, G2, G3, G8) and BRV-negative samples were included as G type specificity and negative controls. From a total of 308 field samples analyzed, 79% (244/308) tested positive by the broadly reactive VP7 MAb; of these, 54% (131/244) were G6 positive, 14% (35/244) were G10 positive, 4% (9/244) were both G6 and G10 positive, and 28% (69/244) were G6 and G10 negative. The negative samples may represent additional or undefined serotypes. The 89 samples from South Dakota were further subdivided into samples from beef ( n = 43) or dairy ( n = 46) herds. G6 was more prevalent in beef herd samples (67%) than in dairy herd samples (47.5%). In addition, dairy herds had higher percentages of G10-positive samples (17.5%) G6-G10 double positives (10%), and untypable samples (25%) than did beef herds, in which the prevalence of G10 positive samples was 5.5%, G6-G10 double positives was 5.5%, and untypable samples was 22%. Application of the serotype ELISA for the analysis of additional BRV samples will provide further epidemiologic data on the distribution of BRV serotypes in beef or dairy cattle, an important consideration for the development of improved BRV vaccines.

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