scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF PROPERTY ON A RUSSIAN PERSON IN DIFFERENT ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
E.I. Titova
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
The State ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Market Interaction ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Right

The article deals with the interpretation of labor and the relations of property rights used in different socio-economic ideologies of management. In all existing ideologies of economic management under capitalism people are free in their economic choices and only under socialism, under public ownership, the manufacturer can not freely dispose of either any property or manufactured product, so his work motivation is weakening, there is no sense of ownership and caring attitude to property and means of production. Only private property protected by the laws of the State provides its owner with the right to dispose of it and the produced product at his own discretion on a legal basis. At the same time, private property creates a personal interest in the owner in improving the quality, range, productivity, as well as reducing the cost of production of manufactured products. Since the basis of private property is labor, and it is connected with human nature, so the private property obtained by labor and personal skill is always protected by each person and is dear to him. Therefore, owners are always interested in the implementation of state laws that protect property rights. Only when a person has private property, in the form of a small plot of land, a house built on it and his own business, only then he feels like an independent owner and he has the desire to work hard and the desire to master new things. For the owner, property is his possession, his pride and he puts his strength, will, knowledge and soul into it. The Russian man did not own private property for a long period, so he lost interest in it. Only the acquisition of private property rights can restore his economic initiative and diligence, ingenuity and inventiveness, deftness and assiduity. The role of the State should be limited to the framework of the law and the creation of conditions in which market interaction between people will have economic freedom of choice and positive development.

The Neoliberal State

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Private Property ◽  
The State ◽  
Free Markets ◽  
Private Property Rights ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Contractual Obligations ◽  
Political Form

The role of the state in neoliberal theory is reasonably easy to define. The practice of neoliberalization has, however, evolved in such a way as to depart significantly from the template that theory provides. The somewhat chaotic evolution and uneven geographical development of state institutions, powers, and functions over the last thirty years suggests, furthermore, that the neoliberal state may be an unstable and contradictory political form. According to theory, the neoliberal state should favour strong individual private property rights, the rule of law, and the institutions of freely functioning markets and free trade. These are the institutional arrangements considered essential to guarantee individual freedoms. The legal framework is that of freely negotiated contractual obligations between juridical individuals in the marketplace. The sanctity of contracts and the individual right to freedom of action, expression, and choice must be protected. The state must therefore use its monopoly of the means of violence to preserve these freedoms at all costs. By extension, the freedom of businesses and corporations (legally regarded as individuals) to operate within this institutional framework of free markets and free trade is regarded as a fundamental good. Private enterprise and entrepreneurial initiative are seen as the keys to innovation and wealth creation. Intellectual property rights are protected (for example through patents) so as to encourage technological changes. Continuous increases in productivity should then deliver higher living standards to everyone. Under the assumption that ‘a rising tide lifts all boats’, or of ‘trickle down’, neoliberal theory holds that the elimination of poverty (both domestically and worldwide) can best be secured through free markets and free trade. Neoliberals are particularly assiduous in seeking the privatization of assets. The absence of clear private property rights––as in many developing countries––is seen as one of the greatest of all institutional barriers to economic development and the improvement of human welfare. Enclosure and the assignment of private property rights is considered the best way to protect against the socalled ‘tragedy of the commons’ (the tendency for individuals to irresponsibly super-exploit common property resources such as land and water).

scholarly journals Theoretical and legal bases of protection of business entities from raiders in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
N.S. Horobets ◽  
Ye.S. Pylypenko
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
The State ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
State Registration ◽  
The Right ◽  
Common Understanding

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and legal principles of protection of business entities from raids in Ukraine due to the low level of quality of the system of protection of private property rights in the state. It is stated that for small enterprises the lack of financial resources and the risk of illegal seizure or takeover, ie "raiding", is a more common problem, but large enterprises are also subject to raids. It was found that raiding is a real threat to the integrity of enterprises, stable economic development and information security of the state, its danger is confirmed by data on the number of raider seizures of property in Ukraine. It is noted that one of the areas of counteraction to raiding is the consolidation at the legislative level of a common understanding of this concept, but the Civil Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine "On Joint Stock Companies" deals only with certain aspects of raiding. Features of "white", "gray", "black" raiding are revealed. There are two ways to warn and protect businesses from raiding: the use of government tools and self-preventive protection of the enterprise. The state instruments of warning and protection of enterprises from raids include: legislative guarantees of inviolability of property and protection of property rights of enterprises in case of violation, criminal liability for misappropriation of property, the procedure of state registration of property rights, the right to apply for protection of rights and interests to the court and the Office for Combating Raiding at the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. It is emphasized that only 20% of enterprises independently protect themselves from raider encroachment, which explains the large number of raider seizures in Ukraine. Among the methods of such protection, emphasis is placed on creating a reliable system of protection of information about the company, ensuring timely and full payment of dividends to shareholders, preventing the mass purchase of shares and monitoring the current situation. It is concluded that it is expedient to develop and consolidate at the legislative level a common understanding of the concept of "raiding", guarantees of warning and protection of business entities from raiding in Ukraine, improving the powers of courts and the Office for Combating Raiding in Ukraine to consider issues of registration of property rights of enterprises.

Socialist vicissitudes on the right to work in France, 1848–1851

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-586
Author(s):  
Thomas Bouchet
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Right To Work ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Fourth Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Revolution Of 1848

Abstract This article examines the different meanings given to the ‘right to work’ during the French Second Republic (1848–51). Although liberals painted all demands for this right with the same ‘socialist’ brush, denouncing them as vague and dangerously utopian, calls for this right were neither vague nor exclusively socialist. Those espousing the right to work held concrete, if differing, views about what duties it entailed and what its relation was to private property, political rights and the role of the state. This essay examines the views of socialists, non-socialist and labour associations on the right to work, examining how they changed in the course of the Revolution of 1848. As faith waned in the state’s willingness and ability to secure it, so, too, did preoccupations with the right to work, which gave way increasingly to associationalism. The right would not become constitutional until the Fourth Republic.

To the issue of counteraction of Republic of Kazakhstan prosecution authorities to violations in the land legislation sphere

2019 ◽  
pp. 310-318
Author(s):  
Marat Erkenovich Ashirbekov
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Individual Housing ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

We consider the issue of counteraction of Republic of Kazakhstan prosecution authorities to violations in the land legislation sphere. In this manner, the current reforms to improve the social and economic well-being of citizens in the Republic of Kazakhstan have affected such a burning sphere of public relations as the land issue. It is noted that other values, in particular spiritual and material goods, pale before the right to own the private property institution. It is stated that the existing demand for land and the lack of equal opportunities to obtain them contributes to the emergence of corruption risks. The role of the state course coordinator is legally assigned to the supreme supervisory body of the Republic of Kazakhstan – the Prosecutor General’s office. The inspections carried out by the prosecutor’s office in the activities of local executive bodies reveal numerous law violations, allowed when granting land for individual housing construction, failure to comply with the procedure for issuing land, the use of various schemes to bypass queues. However, the state does not have sufficient land resources to meet the needs of even those who are already in line. In view of what any methods for achievement of the purposes, including bribes of officials, arbitrariness and unauthorized captures of the earth are applied. We offer the ways of counteraction and prevention of the considered crimes in the sphere of land use.

THE MYSTERY OF TERRITORY

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando R. Tesón
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Private Property ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
The State ◽  
Natural Rights ◽  
Actual State ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Social ◽  
Territorial Rights ◽  
The Right

Abstract:This essay argues that the territorial rights of states derive from the property rights of the individuals that make up those states. The argument draws from the Lockean tradition of justification of political powers. Persons in the state of nature have natural rights. Those rights are first-order substantive rights (the right to property), and second-order executive rights (the right to enforce the right to property.) In the social contract, individuals transfer to the state their executive rights, not their substantive rights. The state can thus define the boundaries of property rights and adjudicate property disputes, but does not legitimately own land itself. The article discusses and rejects, for deontic and consequentialist reasons, positions that justify collective and state ownership of territory. Some important consequences follow from the argument: First, no actual state has territorial rights, since no actual state wields delegated powers in land. Second, notwithstanding the preceding conclusion, actual states have an obligation to exercise their (putative) territorial powers consistently with the respect for private property.

scholarly journals The Right Of Ownership Of The Ukrainian People And The Right Of State Ownership Of Natural Objects And Their Resources

2019 ◽  
pp. 164-174
Author(s):  
V.A. Martyniuk
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Private Property ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
The Public ◽  
Natural Objects ◽  
The Right

The article presents the analysis of the ownership of natural objects and their resources through understanding and correlation of the property rights of the Ukrainian people and the state property rights. Different scientific approaches to understanding the property rights of the Ukrainian people are analyzed. Emphasizes on the public aspect of the legal regime of property of the Ukrainian people. It is substantiated that the recognition by the legislator of natural objects and natural resources as objects of property of the Ukrainian people confirms and points to the special importance of such objects for the life of the whole society. At the same time, the property of the Ukrainian people was not declared as exclusive. Natural objects and their resources may be public, communal and private property. In our opinion, the thesis about the equivalence of the property rights of the Ukrainian people and the state property rights, which is grounded in separate scientific researches, is not correct. The property rights of the Ukrainian people and the right of state ownership differ in their nature and mechanisms of legislative regulation. The state, as a subject of state ownership of natural objects and their resources, is on an equal footing with other entities. In the article, on the basis of legislative prescriptions, the subjects of exercising the property rights of the Ukrainian people and state property rights are identified. The differences in the system of such entities are indicated.  

Konsep Distribusi Pendapatan Dalam Islam

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Moh. Ah. Subhan ZA
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Property Rights ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The main problem of social life in the community is about how to make the allocation and distribution of income well. Inequality and poverty basically arise not because of the difference of anyone’s strength and weakness in getting livelihood, but because of inappropriate distribution mechanism. With the result that wealth treasure just turns on the rich wealthy, which is in turn, results in the rich get richer and the poor get poorer.Therefore, a discussion on distribution becomes main focus of theory of Islamic economics. Moreover, the discussion of the distribution is not only related to economic issues, but also social and political aspects. On the other side, the economic vision of Islam gives priority to the guarantee of the fulfillment of a better life. Islam emphasizes distributive justice and encloses, in its system, a program for the redistribution of wealth and prosperity, so that each individual is guaranteed with a respectable and friendly standard of living. Islam recognizes private property rights, but the private property rights must be properly distributed. The personal property is used for self and family livelihood, for investment of the working capital, so that it can provide job opportunities for others, for help of the others through zakat, infaq, and shodaqoh. In this way, the wealth not only rotates on the rich, bringing on gap in social life.The problem of wealth distribution is closely related to the welfare of society. Therefore, the state has a duty to regulate the distribution of income in order that the distribution can be fair and reaches appropriate target. The state could at least attempt it by optimizing the role of BAZ (Badan Amil Zakat) and LAZ (Lembaga Amil Zakat) which has all this time been slack. If BAZ and LAZ can be optimized, author believes that inequality and poverty over time will vanish. This is because the majority of Indonesia's population is Muslim.

scholarly journals Analysis of Mass Medias Effect on Formation Youths Mindset in the Media Landscape

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-773
Author(s):  
Svetlana Koryagina ◽  
Irina Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Youth Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

The article describes the impact of the Mass Media on the formation of the worldview of the young. This impact may be positive or negative. On the one hand, the media educate young people and enhance their participation in public life. On the other hand, they may mislead or promote false values, and manipulate the young generation’s consciousness. What helps people not to get involved into the tried-and-true crowd manipulation scheme in the media landscape is critical thinking, whose lack results in inability to choose the right guidelines in the flow of false information provided by various Media. The authors emphasize the role of the state, which, regarding the needs of the society, should enculturate the young generation, as well as exercise tight control over communication in the global web and publications in the Internet Media and social networks. One of the directions of the state’s policy is expanding the geography of information and communication technologies, and the other is ensuring information security of the young in general and adolescents in particular. To provide this, the state develops organizational and legal mechanisms aimed at protecting children from harmful information in the web, and requirements for the content, its expert evidence and government control. The article demonstrates the results of a study carried out by the authors to assess the current youth Media and their influence on criminality. The key criterion for selecting participants of the focus group was young age, since the young are the most active and the least protected players in the media landscape. The sampling was made by random choice in order to ensure equal opportunities for participation in the study.

scholarly journals ROLE OF THE STATE IN THE DISTRIBUTION AND REDISTRIBUTION OF CASH AND AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES IN THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (Special) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagoev & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Processed Products

 The article discusses the distribution of financial resources with a preference   for land assets and production of deep processed products with the highest added value, which simultaneously increases the incomes of producers and improves government revenues by increasing tax receipts. It is noted that the progressive development of agriculture depends on the technical modernization of the industry, which also requires investment. Therefore, it is necessary to subsidize the modernization and reconstruction of fixed assets - granaries, greenhouses. Potential profit, which will become an important component of investment, can give a boost to the investment activity. An analysis was carried out on the conceptual foundations of building economic relations in modern agricultural production. The conditions for the agricultural development have been assessed, and critical insights on mechanisms for implementing state and regional target programs have been provided. In terms of a systemic approach to the State economic management, the economic processes should be considered as a system of financial relations that interacts with other systems. In this regard, the paper presents a model that reflects the conceptual framework for managing financial flows. This model provides an overview of managing economic processes, and may take into account many elements and factors.

Equity and the Right to Do Wrong

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-91
Author(s):  
Andrew S Gold
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Private Litigation ◽  
Better Than

This chapter discusses how the ‘stickler-enjoining’ account of equity has important limits. While many distinctive doctrines of equity can be understood to limit stickler behaviour, equity in fact often turns a blind eye to, and sometimes even enables, stickler behaviour. One can sort cases in which equity restrains sticklers from those in which it is indifferent to stickler behaviour if one attends to the role of the state in private litigation. Sometimes the state’s responsibilities require it to protect plaintiffs against sticklers. Other times, it requires it to protect the stickler, as a means, for example, of keeping as open as possible each person’s sphere of choices. Ultimately, the self-regarding account of equity sheds light on the question of the relationship between equity and justice: from the distinct perspective of the judgment, sometimes equitable justice is better than legal justice and sometimes legal justice is better than equitable justice.

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