scholarly journals DISCUSSION ISSUES OF LEGAL DISCRETION

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Author(s):  
N.V. Kuznetsova ◽  
L.P. Lapshina
Keyword(s):  
Legal Norms ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Legal Relationship ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
Contractual Relations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Discretionary Powers

The article presents an analysis of some issues of legal discretion. There is no unified approach either to the definition of discretion or to the legal nature of this phenomenon. There are difficulties in the evaluation of the legal discretion in acting legislature. In private law trial discretion comprises codified regulation. This phenomenon is particularly typical in contract law: the court’s assessment of the behavior of participants in contractual relations as lawful or unlawful, abuse of rights, determination of the nature of the legal norms governing contractual relations. The discretionary powers of the court in many respects make it possible to ensure uniformity in the consideration of cases of a certain category, to form judicial practice on the application of the relevant legislation. The main areas of judicial activity in this case are: making the right choice of the rule of law to be applied to qualify the relevant legal relationship, applying the analogy of law and as well as the legal position developed when resolving a certain category of cases.

scholarly journals The Legal Nature of Public Service Disputes concerning the Legality of Imposition of Disciplinary Sanctions

Lex Russica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
E. L. Leshchina
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Relationship ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Administrative Proceedings ◽  
Process Structure

The paper examines the concept of a public service dispute as a type of a legal conflict, as a protective legal relationship and a juridical procedural activity. The author analyzes the modern terminology of a public service dispute enshrined in the legislation regulating public service, identifies the shortcomings of legal definitions. The author establishes and describes the mechanisms for the consideration of public service disputes provided for by the legislation.The main approaches to the definition of a public service dispute are analyzed. The author has highlighted its features as a complex protective legal relationship. The author shows the erroneous identification by some researchers of labor and public service relations and approaches to their determination of the legal nature of public service disputes, including the legality of the application of disciplinary sanctions. It has been substantiated that the legal nature of public service disputes in the civil service system is primarily determined by the content of the relations that underlie their occurrence—public service legal relations—and not by the forms of their consideration, which allows the possibility of applying labor and civil procedural legislation to disputed legal relations.The author defines a public service dispute and an official conflict, describes the signs of a public service dispute on the legality of the imposition of a disciplinary sanction, qualifies the subject matter of the dispute under consideration—substantive legal requirements (disagreements) of the parties that act as an element of the connection between the substantive legal relationship between the parties to the dispute and the procedure applied for the dispute consideration. It has been substantiated that the public service dispute consideration concerning the legality of imposing a disciplinary sanction, termination of a public service contract constitutes a type of law enforcement procedural activity that has its own basis, subject matter, goals, elements, procedural forms and stages, types of decisions, which makes it possible to single out such disputes as one of the administrative proceedings included in the administrative process structure.

scholarly journals LEGAL REGULATION OF THE PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING CROSS-BORDER DISPUTES IN CIVIL MATTERS WITHIN THE EU

2019 ◽  
pp. 183-192
Author(s):  
V. V. VOYNIKOV
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

This paper is devoted to the consideration of certain aspects of legal cooperation in civil matters related to the determination of jurisdiction, recognition and execution of court decisions, as well as the definition of law to be applied when considering cross-border cases within the EU. At the EU level, an entire system of unified legal norms has been created governing the procedure for handling cross-border disputes in civil matters within the Union. At the same time, the EU’s goal is not to replace national procedural legislation with Allied acts, but to facilitate access to justice in civil cases of a cross-border nature in the context of close economic integration. The author analyzes the concept of «legal cooperation in civil matters», and also reveals its key elements. The paper highlights and examines in detail the four modes of consideration of cross-border cases within the EU, notes their features, as well as analyzes judicial practice.

scholarly journals The Concept And Legal Nature Of Amendments To The Contract

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-77
Author(s):  
N.S. Shymanska
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Uniform Case ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Market Relations

The article examines the concept and legal nature of amendments to the contract. It is established that this legal phenomenon due to the rapid development of market relations is becoming widespread. The meaning of the concept of «change» and its legal nature are analyzed. An exhaustive list of possible options for exercising the right to amend the contract has been made. According to the results of scientific research of different points of view of civilians of different epochs on the concept of «change of contract terms», the own definition of the mentioned concept is formulated and it is proposed to make appropriate changes to the current Civil Code of Ukraine. After all, the perfect legislative regulation of certain relations begins with the consolidation of their definition, in order to have a common understanding of the concept. In our opinion, the lack of a legislative definition of the term “change of contract terms” is a negative phenomenon, as it leads to unequal understanding of the concept by parties, substitution of concepts, violation of the rights of parties, different case law, which is based on the results of consideration of the category of cases related to amendments to the contract. Therefore, we believe that the CC of Ukraine should be amended by including Article 650 1 «The concept of changing the terms of the contract», by which we mean the process, active behavior of the party (parties), which aims to create new or edit existing terms of the contract to bring it in accordance with certain life circumstances, legal norms, as well as its optimization, the purpose of which is to obtain by the party (parties) a certain positive result of property and / or non-property nature. The implementation of these changes will make it possible to avoid the above-mentioned negative consequences in the future and will ensure the introduction of uniform case law in resolving disputes related to amendments to the contract.

scholarly journals Content of the full jurisdiction: Serbian law 'de lege lata' and 'de lege ferenda'

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-226
Author(s):  
Zoran Tomić
Keyword(s):  
Fair Trial ◽  
Legal Issue ◽  
Public Hearing ◽  
Legal Procedure ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Legal Relationship ◽  
Tier System ◽  
Administrative Jurisdiction ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

The paper is dealing with the notion and types of full jurisdiction - in French and then in Serbian legislation as well as in judicial practice. The author advocates for the extension of mentioned kind of administrative jurisdiction de lege ferenda. To be able to make proposed changes, it is necessary to meet the following conditions, as constitutive assumptions, establishment of the funded system of administrative courts, i.e., a two-tier system of administrative justice, and the rule of public hearing before the administrative court in accordance with international and domestic principle of the right to fair trial. The paper starts with the definition of full jurisdiction meaning that administrative court has the power to resolve validly the controversial legal issue, regardless of whether it was preceded by a legal procedure or not as well as regardless of whether the legal relationship is resolved by merits or only ends for procedural reasons.

scholarly journals Restrictions and boundaries in the Russian information law

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-30
Author(s):  
Gulfiia Gafiiatovna Kamalova
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Information Law ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The subject of this research is the system of legal norms of the Russian Federation that regulates public relations within the process of restriction of the constitutionally recognized information rights and liberties of a human and citizen, as well as establishment of the boundaries of their realization in the current conditions of development of the information society and digitalization. The goal of this work is to develop theoretical foundations for information law through demarcation of boundaries and restrictions of the information rights and liberties, which would also contribute to improvement of information legislation and the practice of its application. The scientific novelty of research is reflected in the acquisition of scientific knowledge required for development of legal regulation of the information sphere in the conditions of digitalization, among which are the original definition of the concepts “boundaries of exercising rights in the information sphere” and “restrictions of information rights and liberties”, obtained based on the conducted analysis of the forming public relations within information sphere and their legal regulation. The following conclusions were made: 1) there is absence of research on the issues of boundaries of rights, including boundaries in information law; 2) there is a need for determination of boundaries of exercising right in the information sphere and restriction of information rights and liberties in implementation of legal regulation, as well as consideration of the legal nature of technical norms in their inclusion into a normative legal act.

scholarly journals Legal nature, role, meaning and grounds of Constitutional Court interpretation and doctrinal interpretation: their interconnection

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Valerya Antoshkina
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

That article studies the questions on the legal nature, significance and grounds of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine (hereinafter - CCU) and of doctrinal interpretation as well as their interconnection. The author analyzes the types of interpretation by the subject and notes that among the subjects of the official interpretation the Constitutional Court plays an important role, while for the informal interpretation the doctrinal interpretation is crucial. The paper defines the legal basis for exercising of the right of interpretation by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, as a specific body, which is the latter at national level aimed at exercising exclusive special powers in protecting the rights and fundamental freedoms of human and citizen. It is stated that the CCU is a quasi-legislative body whose acts are binding and have the features of a source of law, the paradigm of its activity is determined, first of all, by the rule of law and then by the supremacy of the Constitution of Ukraine. The article also pays attention to the ratio between the legal positions and decisions of the CCU. The article analyzes the changes of the legislation on the activity of the CCU in the context of reducing the power to interpret laws, limiting it only to the right to interpret the Constitution of Ukraine. The author also emphasizes that as the subject of court interpretation may act a scientist who interprets a certain norm of law and works as a judge of the CCU. In this case, the interpretation is based on the results of a scientific research for a judge. Therefore, it is reasonable to say that judges of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine can to some extent be considered as “subjects of doctrinal interpretation”, especially taking into account the fact that these days there are many legal scientists, scientists with academic degrees and titles working at the posts of judges and performing scientific and judicial activity at the same time. The author also studies certain aspects of the doctrinal interpretation and the definition of its role and significance in the historical aspect on the example of different states. Questions on the ratio between doctrinal and court interpretation are also paid attention by the author. It is noted that, in general, in Ukraine scientific doctrine is not recognized as an official source of law, but at the same time plays an important role in the formation of legal consciousness, worldview and lawmaking. Therefore, it can be noted basing on the results of the analysis of legal norms and court practice, that many doctrinal legal positions over time are reflected both in the rulemaking process and in court decisions, turning into court legal provisions.

Energy as Object of Contractual Relations: on the Issue about the Concept and Legal Nature

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Ольга Шведкова ◽  
Olga Shvedkova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Special Property ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Contractual Relations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

The article is devoted to one of the discussion topics of modern law — the legal nature of energy as the object of law and contractual relations. Definition of the legal nature and the concept of any object of law is of primary importance from the point of view of classifying it among the existing groups of objects of law. Practical meaning of such classification involves establishing for each group of a legal regime, primarily determining the order of vesting rights for them and conditions of their circulability. The article analyzes doctrinal positions of scientists, who view energy as special property, on which the right of ownership arises, as a “bodiless” thing, etc. Taking into account the nature of energy as a phenomenon, the author comes to the conclusion about its nonmaterial nature, which allows making the assumption about impossibility to classify it either as a thing or as property. All the more so, classifying energy per se to an independent and only object of an agreement gives rise to doubts. As a result, by analogy with the recognized legal regime of intellectual property objects, the article proposes to vest energy with “indirect” circulability, and to understand the term “energy” as a special nonmaterial object of law, possessing economic value, in relation to which the contracting parties acquire corresponding proprietary rights.

ABOUT THE PROBLEM OF CONFLICTABILITY OF INHERITANCE REFUSAL DEALS DURING INSOLVENCY PROCEDURE IN RUSSIA AND GERMANY

2021 ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
Tatyana P. Shishmareva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Property Damage ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive

The possibility of inheritance refusal deals of an insolvent debtor was a subject of discus-sion even in Roman law, in which there were ideas about the impossibility of challenging such a transaction using Actio Pauliana. The problem of the contestability of inheritance refusal deals is investigated using the method of comparative studies with the aim of a deeper scientific and theoretical knowledge of the legal nature of rejection of inheritance in the legal system of Germany, which had a significant impact on Russian law. Main approaches of German legislators to the regulation of refusal of inheritance by the debtor, over whose property an insolvency procedure has been introduced, are indicated, ac-cording to which § 83 Insolvenzordnung specifies that such a transaction was made exclusively by the debtor himself. The author analyzes the German jurisprudence on the disputability of inheritance refusal deals by the insolvent debtor, reveals the legal positions of the Supreme Court of Germany that there are no grounds for challenging such a transaction as aimed at the withdrawal of the assets of the insolvent debtor. Arguments are also presented in favor of the impossibility of challenging the inheritance refusal deals in the doctrine of Germany. The analysis of the Russian inheritance legislation on the rejection of inheritance is carried out. The author defines the nature of the right to acquire an inheritance as a personal right of the heir when deciding to renounce the inheritance both before and after the introduction of the insolvency procedure. In accordance with this definition of the essence of the right to acquire an inheritance, it was concluded that there is no need to receive an approval on the decision of the debtor to accept or refuse the inheritance with the arbitration manager if the debtor enters into inheritance refusal deals during the course of insolvency procedures. The article analyzes the judicial practice that is developing in the Russian legal system re-garding challenging inheritance refusal deals. In jurisprudence, a tendency has been revealed to challenge inheritance refusal deals as suspicious transactions causing property damage to the creditors of the insolvent debtor. It is pointed out that in the modern Russian doctrine, the features of inheritance refusal deals have not been studied. An aspect of current legal system is the concept of “rejection of the inheritance”, which is qualified as the inaction of the debtor, through which he expresses his will to refuse the inheritance. The heir's inaction cannot be challenged on general civil grounds due to his lack of signs of a transaction in the sense in which it is used in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.The author proves that the rejection of the inheritance does not cause property damage to the creditors, since in this case there is no reduction in the property of the insolvent debtor, and the withdrawal of the debtor's assets is not carried out. The conclusion is made about the possibility of challenging the transaction of rejection of the inheritance on general civil grounds if defects are found in the transaction and there are no conditions for the application of Actio Pauliana.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF DETERMINATION OF THE PERSONAL CHARACTER OF TESTATOR’S OBLIGATIONS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THEIR INCLUSION IN THE MASS OF THE SUCCESSION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Olga S. Cherepanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Personal Character ◽  
Legal Nature

The article examines controversial issues related to the responsibility of the heirs for the obligations of the testator, which have a connection with his personality. The article analyzes the opposing legal positions developed by judicial practice to determine the legal nature of these obligations. The conclusion is substantiated that it is necessary to include in the hereditary mass of obligations to compensate for moral harm and to compensate for harm to life and health, as not having a personal character.

scholarly journals Problems of defining legal concepts in laws and other normative legal acts

Legal Ukraine ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Klochkov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Word Representation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Each legal concept has not only content (content), but also a form. The form requires compliance with the rules for the definition and construction of concepts. Improving legal terminology is impossible without deep development and observance of the rules of analysis and the precise construction of the conceptual apparatus. Gaps in legislation and regulations are derived from inaccuracy, lack of clarity and simplicity of conceptual constructions. The inconsistency of certain legal norms found in various laws and regulatory legal acts, the inconsistency of norms with the prevailing realities of legal life in the state and society impede the fulfillment by state authorities, including law enforcement, of their functional responsibilities. Mistakes made in the preparation of draft laws and regulations, methodological recommendations mainly boil down to the violation of the requirements of the unified laws of logic: the law of identity, the law of contradiction, the law of the excluded third and the law of sufficient reason. The use of inappropriate terminology causes complications in the application of legal norms. The Constitution of Ukraine assigns to the prosecutor the function of representing the interests of a citizen or state in court in cases specified by law. The term representation is not exactly chosen. The word "representation" means: the performance of the duties of a representative; an institution representing the interests of someone; elections, as well as the law, the procedure for the election of representatives to any bodies; representation is a legal relationship in which one party (representative) is obligated or entitled to make a transaction on behalf of the other party that it represents; representation means activity on behalf of someone, on behalf of a person. By its legal nature, a representative can only be authorized for transactions that the person he represents is entitled to carry out. The representation of the prosecutor's office in court is specific, since this body does not need instructions, contracts or other documents. The prosecutor or his deputy should act not on behalf of someone, but on behalf of the state in favor of the person and citizen, state or society, within the limits established by law. In the legislation there is a conflict (conflict) in the law regarding the term «representation». To eliminate such a conflict, it is necessary to amend the Law of Ukraine «On the Prosecutor's Office». Key words: definition of concepts, laws and regulations, accuracy, clarity, brevity of terms.

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