Due to the lack of a proper conceptual and categorical apparatus, it is rather difficult to determine under what circumstances the owner / user of the land plot has the right to reparation and what is the actual damage.
That is why, for a clear understanding of the tasks of land management expertise and the feasibility of a full, substantiated and objective study to calculate the amount of damage caused to land owners and land users, we consider it necessary to go further into the aspect of losses, for example, of damages caused by the restrictions on land use , and the order of their calculation.
Using the example of restrictions on the use of land, the author came to the conclusion that grounds for imposing restrictions on the use of land, according to article 111 of the Land Code of Ukraine, do not cause a loss to the land owner/user in each case.
We believe that the loss caused by restrictions on the use of land, are the lost, additionally spent or under-received property benefits (monetary assets), caused by the violation of the rights of the owner / user of a land plot after establishing the restrictions of a land use on a land plot.
In itself, the restriction in the use of land does not give rise to the right to compensation for damages, however, it can adversely affect the property of the owner (worsen it, destroy it), and therefore occurs a damage.
It was also determined that the fact of causing harm to the owner or user of the land plot, that is, the onset of negative consequences for him, is not always associated with unlawful behavior. And the right to compensation for damages the owner / user of the land will have, regardless of the fault of the subject who caused him damage. Legal relations arising in the land sphere allow special conditions for the compensation of losses to land owners / land users that arise:
– under the circumstances of the occurrence of harm through the perfect wrongful act;
– under the circumstances of the occurrence of harm through the perfect lawful act;
– under the circumstances of the occurrence of damage caused by the violation of contractual obligations.
Referring to the procedure for calculating the amount of damage, the author concludes that this is carried out in a general manner, in accordance with special regulations – National Standard №. 1 «General Basis for Assessing Property and Property Rights», approved by Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 1440 of 10.06.2003 and National Standard № 2 «Real Property Valuation», approved by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of 28.10.2004 №. 1442.
Key words: forensic examination on questions of the use of land; land plot; losses inflicted to the land owners and land users; the restriction in the use of land; calculation of losses.
LAND PLOT AND ITS INTEGRAL PARTS
