scholarly journals SOCIAL CAPITAL IN THE LABOR MARKET

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-511
Author(s):  
E.A. Polishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Income ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Individual Income ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Today, the main goal for any country is to ensure economic growth (quantitative changes) and economic development (qualitative changes). Based on the main macroeconomic identity, one of the most important factors of economic growth, GDP growth, is the size of consumption (C, consumption). Consumption directly depends on the amount of income, first of all, labor income, which is formed in the labor market. In turn, the amount of labor income is determined by the impact of a number of factors that affect the income of employees at the macro and micro levels. On the one hand, the size of a country's GDP is calculated as the sum of income from the use of various factors of production. But, on the other hand, the general state of the national economy is a significant factor in the amount of individual income. At the micro level of the economy, the individual income of employees highly depends on the significance of the profession and industry for the country's economy, the level of qualification of the employee, the experience and length of service in this profession, the position held, etc. A very important factor in an employee's career success and income is social capital accumulated by him or her. Let's look at how social capital "works" in the labor market: 1) What is social capital at the micro level? 2) How are social and human capitals linked? 3) How are social capital and information about the labor market situation related? 4) What are the most general trends in the development of the labor market and what is the role of social capital in the new conditions?

Implications of higher retirement age for the labor market

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivanova ◽  
A. Balaev ◽  
E. Gurvich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Demographic Projections ◽  
The Impact

The paper considers the impact of the increase in retirement age on labor supply and economic growth. Combining own estimates of labor participation and demographic projections by the Rosstat, the authors predict marked fall in the labor force (by 5.6 million persons over 2016-2030). Labor demand is also going down but to a lesser degree. If vigorous measures are not implemented, the labor force shortage will reach 6% of the labor force by the period end, thus restraining economic growth. Even rapid and ambitious increase in the retirement age (by 1 year each year to 65 years for both men and women) can only partially mitigate the adverse consequences of demographic trends.

Laughter on the Fringes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Peterson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Literary Canon ◽  
Autobiographical Writing ◽  
Treasure Trove ◽  
Old Comedy ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Aggressive Humor ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

This book examines the impact that Athenian Old Comedy had on Greek writers of the Imperial era. It is generally acknowledged that Imperial-era Greeks responded to Athenian Old Comedy in one of two ways: either as a treasure trove of Atticisms, or as a genre defined by and repudiated for its aggressive humor. Worthy of further consideration, however, is how both approaches, and particularly the latter one that relegated Old Comedy to the fringes of the literary canon, led authors to engage with the ironic and self-reflexive humor of Aristophanes, Eupolis, and Cratinus. Authors ranging from serious moralizers (Plutarch and Aelius Aristides) to comic writers in their own right (Lucian, Alciphron), to other figures not often associated with Old Comedy (Libanius) adopted aspects of the genre to negotiate power struggles, facilitate literary and sophistic rivalries, and provide a model for autobiographical writing. To varying degrees, these writers wove recognizable features of the genre (e.g., the parabasis, its agonistic language, the stage biographies of the individual poets) into their writings. The image of Old Comedy that emerges from this time is that of a genre in transition. It was, on the one hand, with the exception of Aristophanes’s extant plays, on the verge of being almost completely lost; on the other hand, its reputation and several of its most characteristic elements were being renegotiated and reinvented.

The impact of a health introduction course for medical interpreters in the healthcare sector

2020 ◽  
pp. 205715852097518
Author(s):  
Leila Saud Abdulkadir ◽  
Morten Sodemann ◽  
Claire Gudex ◽  
Sören Möller ◽  
Dorthe Susanne Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Medical Interpreters ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The aim was to examine the impact on interpreters’ health knowledge, attitudes and self-evaluated skills after they participated in a pilot health introduction course at a university hospital in Denmark. The study was conducted as an intervention study using a questionnaire with both closed and open-ended questions. The questionnaire was distributed to interpreters one week before the six-week course started, and again at one week and at three months after course completion. Level of knowledge was calculated based on the number of answers to 18 multiple-choice questions on common health issues, diagnoses and treatments. Of the 100 interpreters who registered for the course, 86 completed the course, and 61 of these participants (70%) completed both the baseline and the one-week questionnaire. The mean knowledge score increased from 48 ( SD 6.9) at baseline to 52 ( SD 3.4; p < 0.001) one week after the course and was 51 ( SD 7.3; p < 0.001) three months after the course ( n = 55). Participants who increased their knowledge score the most were those with the least interpreter experience ( p = 0.001). One week after the course, most participants (83–95%) agreed that the individual lessons had been useful in their subsequent interpreting activities and that they had gained useful information. The health introduction course appeared to be beneficial for interpreters. This study highlights the need for greater focus on education for interpreters working in the healthcare sector.

scholarly journals The impact of convergent technologies on changing labor markets

KANT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-245
Author(s):  
Tatiana Vorontsova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Humanistic Approach ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the problems of the development of convergent technologies, which, on the one hand, make it possible to overcome the natural limitations of man and expand his capabilities, on the other hand, threaten humanity. The author identifies various research positions in assessing the prospects for NBIC convergence - from overtly alarmist to overly enthusiastic. A classification of possible results of technological innovations is proposed, in which changes in the natural world, the technical environment and the transformation of social relations and spiritual and moral values are highlighted. Trends in the labor market are noted such as job cuts due to automation, the polarization of the labor market for highly paid intellectual workers and cheap physical strength, the emergence of new professions that require special education in several areas, changes in the organization of labor by the type of network interaction, the emergence of new forms of employment - temporary, deprived of guarantees and infringing on social rights. The future labor market is characterized as fragmented and isolated. The conclusion is drawn about the need for a humanistic approach in assessing the prospects of technological development.

scholarly journals HUMAN CAPITAL AND ITS ROLE IN THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelyzaveta Snitko ◽  
Yevheniia Zavhorodnia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

The development of a modern economy, in the context of the fourth industrial revolution, is impossible without the accumulation and development of human capital, since the foundation of the transformation of the economic system in an innovative economy is human capital. In this regard, the level of development and the efficiency of using human capital are of paramount importance. This article attempts to assess the role of human capital in the fourth industrial revolution. In the future, human talent will play a much more important role in the production process than capital. However, it will also lead to a greater division of the labor market with a growing gap between low-paid and high-paid jobs, and will contribute to an increase in social tensions. Already today, there is an increase in demand for highly skilled workers, especially in high-income countries, with a decrease in demand for workers with lower skills and lower levels of education. Analysis of labor market trends suggests that the future labor market is a market where there is simultaneously a certain demand for both higher and lower skills and abilities, combined with the devastation of the middle tier. The fourth industrial revolution relies heavily on the concept of human capital and the importance of finding complementarity between human and technology. In assessing the impact of the fourth industrial revolution, the relationship between technology, economic growth and human resources was examined. The analysis was carried out in terms of three concepts of economic growth, technological change and human capital. Human capital contributes to the advancement of new technologies, which makes the concept of human capital an essential factor in technological change. The authors emphasize that the modern economy makes new demands on workers; therefore it is necessary to constantly accumulate human capital, develop it through continuous learning, which will allow the domestic economy to enter the trajectory of sustainable economic growth. The need to create conditions for a comprehensive increase in the level of human capital development is noted.

scholarly journals Is the Minimum Wage Effective in a Context of Informality?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Susana Herrero Olarte
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Labor Income ◽  
South American ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
South American Region ◽  
Effect Estimation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

There is a general trend in the South American region to increase the minimum wage (MW) to reduce poverty and inequality. However, empirical studies are inconclusive with respect to the effect of the MW. This study seeks to contribute to the empirical evidence regarding the impact of this policy by exploring its limitations and possibilities for reducing poverty in Ecuador. Unlike other studies, a measure to capture informality in the labor market is included. Using fixed effect estimation with panel data, I determine the relationship between labor income deciles and variations in the MW, using a proxy for its effectiveness. The results suggest that the MW positively affects the lower income deciles, to a lesser extent the intermediate deciles and with no effect on the higher ones. However, when considering a control for the degree of informality in the labor market, the effect on the lower deciles is mitigated. Therefore, increases in the MW may be a strategy to increase the income of the middle and vulnerable class, but it does not seem to be useful for reducing poverty.

FOUR DECADES OF POVERTY AND CONSUMPTION IN CHINA

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 117-138
Author(s):  
JINXIAN WANG ◽  
CHEN WANG ◽  
YAN ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Empirical Analyses

Since 2010, China’s miraculous growth has come to a halt and has shown steady deceleration. To re-accelerate economic growth, stimulating domestic consumption is a crucial way with fighting poverty as the key step. This paper attempts to explore the impact of poverty on resident consumption in China over the last four decades. Based on provincial data, we first simulate income distribution at the individual level and provide moderate poverty profiles at the provincial level. The empirical analyses are then conducted to gauge the poverty impacts using the estimated poverty index. Results show that (1) moderate poverty has decreased sharply in China, with the best achievement in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong; (2) moderate poverty exerts a significantly negative impact on resident consumption; and (3) when poverty increases, resident consumption on household equipment decreases the most, while resident consumption on food, transportation, and telecommunication decreases the least.

scholarly journals Professional Mobility and “Objective” and “Subjective” Satisfaction. a Non- Linear Analysis from the Theory of the Three-Dimensional Spiral of Sense in Population of Doctors

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Miriam Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Professional Careers ◽  
Professional Mobility ◽  
National University ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

This work goes along the lines of the author’s research (1995-2016) on professional careers and models bearing causes and effects regarding sustained interaction (core, psychosocial, institutional and structural factors). The aim of this paper was analyze, through the doctors’ social representations, the levels of satisfaction evidenced by those who have advanced professionally to the highest positions within the scientific (or other) system. The hypothesis states that the relation is not linear but inverse. Satisfaction would not increase according to the Professional Status. We consider here, on the one hand, the insufficient Professionalization and the increasing demands from the market; and on the other, the impact structural limits have on the micro level. The methodology used was quanti-qualitative (semi-structured questionnaires, interviews, and hierarchical evocations). The population consisted of doctors (2005-2012) from the National University of Cuyo, in Argentina and the Cnam (France) of different courses of study. The results confirm the hypothesis. As regards what was observed among those who advanced professionally, the increase on the growing market demands along with the lack of institutionalized means in order to reach goals, result in lower satisfaction. This is interpreted from the theory of the author, which involves 3 levels (macro-meso-micro-macro) (Aparicio, 2015 a, b). We also consider the theories of anomie and of the expectancy of valence (Feather - Davenport). Findings along this line were also seen in studies with scientists (Aparicio, 2014). The results propose a revision in the prevailing working conditions and police: satisfaction acts on subsystems and consolidates them.

scholarly journals The impact of practical entrepreneurship project on future entrepreneurial intentions

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tshilidzi Eric Nenzhelele ◽  
Nthabiseng Violet Moraka ◽  
Kopano Kalvyn More
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Experiential Learning ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
The Body ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harsh Reality

The recurrent struggle of seeking employment and the saturated labor market is a harsh reality in the lives of many university students. Entrepreneurship is arguably the most effective contributor to employment and economic growth. However, very few entrepreneurship graduates start businesses immediately after graduation. Moreover, while academic institutions invest in developing entrepreneurship curriculum and extending the body of knowledge, little is invested in practical programs. There is, therefore, a need to practically teach entrepreneurship. This research was aimed at establishing the impact of practical entrepreneurship project on future entrepreneurial intentions of students. The research was quantitative in nature and a questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. The research found that the practical entrepreneurship project had a positive impact on the future entrepreneurial intentions of the students. The sample for the survey reported in this article included 25 participants across various career fields. Keywords: entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial intentions, experiential learning, practical entrepreneurship project, student business initiative challenge. JEL Classification: L26

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